Connection

public interface Connection implements Wrapper AutoCloseable

A connection (session) with a specific database. SQL statements are executed and results are returned within the context of a connection.

A Connection object's database is able to provide information describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on. This information is obtained with the getMetaData method.

Note: When configuring a Connection, JDBC applications should use the appropriate Connection method such as setAutoCommit or setTransactionIsolation. Applications should not invoke SQL commands directly to change the connection's configuration when there is a JDBC method available. By default a Connection object is in auto-commit mode, which means that it automatically commits changes after executing each statement. If auto-commit mode has been disabled, the method commit must be called explicitly in order to commit changes; otherwise, database changes will not be saved.

A new Connection object created using the JDBC 2.1 core API has an initially empty type map associated with it. A user may enter a custom mapping for a UDT in this type map. When a UDT is retrieved from a data source with the method ResultSet.getObject, the getObject method will check the connection's type map to see if there is an entry for that UDT. If so, the getObject method will map the UDT to the class indicated. If there is no entry, the UDT will be mapped using the standard mapping.

A user may create a new type map, which is a java.util.Map object, make an entry in it, and pass it to the java.sql methods that can perform custom mapping. In this case, the method will use the given type map instead of the one associated with the connection.

For example, the following code fragment specifies that the SQL type ATHLETES will be mapped to the class Athletes in the Java programming language. The code fragment retrieves the type map for the Connection object con, inserts the entry into it, and then sets the type map with the new entry as the connection's type map.

      java.util.Map map = con.getTypeMap();
      map.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Class.forName("Athletes"));
      con.setTypeMap(map);
 

See Also

• DriverManager.getConnection(String)
• Statement
• ResultSet
• DatabaseMetaData

Constant Summary

int	TRANSACTION_NONE	A constant indicating that transactions are not supported.
int	TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED	A constant indicating that dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur.
int	TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED	A constant indicating that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur.
int	TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ	A constant indicating that dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; phantom reads can occur.
int	TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE	A constant indicating that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented.

Public Method Summary

abstract void	clearWarnings() Clears all warnings reported for this Connection object.
abstract void	close() Releases this Connection object's database and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released.
abstract void	commit() Makes all changes made since the previous commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object.
abstract Array	createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) Factory method for creating Array objects.
abstract Blob	createBlob() Constructs an object that implements the Blob interface.
abstract Clob	createClob() Constructs an object that implements the Clob interface.
abstract NClob	createNClob() Constructs an object that implements the NClob interface.
abstract SQLXML	createSQLXML() Constructs an object that implements the SQLXML interface.
abstract Statement	createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
abstract Statement	createStatement() Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements to the database.
abstract Statement	createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
abstract Struct	createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) Factory method for creating Struct objects.
abstract boolean	getAutoCommit() Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this Connection object.
abstract String	getCatalog() Retrieves this Connection object's current catalog name.
abstract String	getClientInfo(String name) Returns the value of the client info property specified by name.
abstract Properties	getClientInfo() Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info property supported by the driver.
abstract int	getHoldability() Retrieves the current holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object.
abstract DatabaseMetaData	getMetaData() Retrieves a DatabaseMetaData object that contains metadata about the database to which this Connection object represents a connection.
abstract int	getTransactionIsolation() Retrieves this Connection object's current transaction isolation level.
abstract Map<String, Class<?>>	getTypeMap() Retrieves the Map object associated with this Connection object.
abstract SQLWarning	getWarnings() Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this Connection object.
abstract boolean	isClosed() Retrieves whether this Connection object has been closed.
abstract boolean	isReadOnly() Retrieves whether this Connection object is in read-only mode.
abstract boolean	isValid(int timeout) Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid.
abstract String	nativeSQL(String sql) Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar.
abstract CallableStatement	prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
abstract CallableStatement	prepareCall(String sql) Creates a CallableStatement object for calling database stored procedures.
abstract CallableStatement	prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
abstract PreparedStatement	prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
abstract PreparedStatement	prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
abstract PreparedStatement	prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
abstract PreparedStatement	prepareStatement(String sql) Creates a PreparedStatement object for sending parameterized SQL statements to the database.
abstract PreparedStatement	prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) Creates a default PreparedStatement object that has the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys.
abstract PreparedStatement	prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
abstract void	releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) Removes the specified Savepoint and subsequent Savepoint objects from the current transaction.
abstract void	rollback() Undoes all changes made in the current transaction and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object.
abstract void	rollback(Savepoint savepoint) Undoes all changes made after the given Savepoint object was set.
abstract void	setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state.
abstract void	setCatalog(String catalog) Sets the given catalog name in order to select a subspace of this Connection object's database in which to work.
abstract void	setClientInfo(Properties properties) Sets the value of the connection's client info properties.
abstract void	setClientInfo(String name, String value) Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the value specified by value.
abstract void	setHoldability(int holdability) Changes the default holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object to the given holdability.
abstract void	setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) Puts this connection in read-only mode as a hint to the driver to enable database optimizations.
abstract Savepoint	setSavepoint(String name) Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
abstract Savepoint	setSavepoint() Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
abstract void	setTransactionIsolation(int level) Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this Connection object to the one given.
abstract void	setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) Installs the given TypeMap object as the type map for this Connection object.

Inherited Method Summary

From interface java.sql.Wrapper

abstract boolean	isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) Returns true if this either implements the interface argument or is directly or indirectly a wrapper for an object that does.
abstract <T> T	unwrap(Class<T> iface) Returns an object that implements the given interface to allow access to non-standard methods, or standard methods not exposed by the proxy.

From interface java.lang.AutoCloseable

abstract void

close() Closes this resource, relinquishing any underlying resources.

Constants

public static final int TRANSACTION_NONE

A constant indicating that transactions are not supported.

Constant Value: 0

public static final int TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED

A constant indicating that dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur. This level only prohibits a transaction from reading a row with uncommitted changes in it.

Constant Value: 2

public static final int TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED

A constant indicating that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur. This level allows a row changed by one transaction to be read by another transaction before any changes in that row have been committed (a "dirty read"). If any of the changes are rolled back, the second transaction will have retrieved an invalid row.

Constant Value: 1

public static final int TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ

A constant indicating that dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; phantom reads can occur. This level prohibits a transaction from reading a row with uncommitted changes in it, and it also prohibits the situation where one transaction reads a row, a second transaction alters the row, and the first transaction rereads the row, getting different values the second time (a "non-repeatable read").

Constant Value: 4

public static final int TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE

A constant indicating that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented. This level includes the prohibitions in TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ and further prohibits the situation where one transaction reads all rows that satisfy a WHERE condition, a second transaction inserts a row that satisfies that WHERE condition, and the first transaction rereads for the same condition, retrieving the additional "phantom" row in the second read.

Constant Value: 8

Public Methods

public abstract void clearWarnings ()

Clears all warnings reported for this Connection object. After a call to this method, the method getWarnings returns null until a new warning is reported for this Connection object.

Throws

SQLException	SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract void close ()

Releases this Connection object's database and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released.

Calling the method close on a Connection object that is already closed is a no-op.

It is strongly recommended that an application explicitly commits or rolls back an active transaction prior to calling the close method. If the close method is called and there is an active transaction, the results are implementation-defined.

Throws

SQLException	SQLException if a database access error occurs

public abstract void commit ()

Makes all changes made since the previous commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object. This method should be used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, if this method is called on a closed conection or this Connection object is in auto-commit mode

See Also

• setAutoCommit(boolean)

public abstract Array createArrayOf (String typeName, Object[] elements)

Factory method for creating Array objects.

Note: When createArrayOf is used to create an array object that maps to a primitive data type, then it is implementation-defined whether the Array object is an array of that primitive data type or an array of Object.

Note: The JDBC driver is responsible for mapping the elements Object array to the default JDBC SQL type defined in java.sql.Types for the given class of Object. The default mapping is specified in Appendix B of the JDBC specification. If the resulting JDBC type is not the appropriate type for the given typeName then it is implementation defined whether an SQLException is thrown or the driver supports the resulting conversion.

Parameters

typeName	the SQL name of the type the elements of the array map to. The typeName is a database-specific name which may be the name of a built-in type, a user-defined type or a standard SQL type supported by this database. This is the value returned by Array.getBaseTypeName
elements	the elements that populate the returned object

Returns

• an Array object whose elements map to the specified SQL type

Throws

SQLException	if a database error occurs, the JDBC type is not appropriate for the typeName and the conversion is not supported, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connection
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this data type

public abstract Blob createBlob ()

Constructs an object that implements the Blob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setBinaryStream and setBytes methods of the Blob interface may be used to add data to the Blob.

Returns

• An object that implements the Blob interface

Throws

SQLException	if an object that implements the Blob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this data type

public abstract Clob createClob ()

Constructs an object that implements the Clob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream, setCharacterStream and setString methods of the Clob interface may be used to add data to the Clob.

Returns

• An object that implements the Clob interface

Throws

SQLException	if an object that implements the Clob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this data type

public abstract NClob createNClob ()

Constructs an object that implements the NClob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream, setCharacterStream and setString methods of the NClob interface may be used to add data to the NClob.

Returns

• An object that implements the NClob interface

Throws

SQLException	if an object that implements the NClob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this data type

public abstract SQLXML createSQLXML ()

Constructs an object that implements the SQLXML interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The createXmlStreamWriter object and setString method of the SQLXML interface may be used to add data to the SQLXML object.

Returns

• An object that implements the SQLXML interface

Throws

SQLException	if an object that implements the SQLXML interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this data type

public abstract Statement createStatement (int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)

Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the createStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

resultSetType	a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency	a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE

Returns

• a new Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type and result set concurrency.

public abstract Statement createStatement ()

Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements to the database. SQL statements without parameters are normally executed using Statement objects. If the same SQL statement is executed many times, it may be more efficient to use a PreparedStatement object.

Result sets created using the returned Statement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Returns

• a new default Statement object

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract Statement createStatement (int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)

Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability. This method is the same as the createStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.

Parameters

resultSetType	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
resultSetHoldability	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT

Returns

• a new Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.

See Also

• ResultSet

public abstract Struct createStruct (String typeName, Object[] attributes)

Factory method for creating Struct objects.

Parameters

typeName	the SQL type name of the SQL structured type that this Struct object maps to. The typeName is the name of a user-defined type that has been defined for this database. It is the value returned by Struct.getSQLTypeName.
attributes	the attributes that populate the returned object

Returns

• a Struct object that maps to the given SQL type and is populated with the given attributes

Throws

SQLException	if a database error occurs, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connection
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this data type

public abstract boolean getAutoCommit ()

Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this Connection object.

Returns

• the current state of this Connection object's auto-commit mode

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• setAutoCommit(boolean)

public abstract String getCatalog ()

Retrieves this Connection object's current catalog name.

Returns

• the current catalog name or null if there is none

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• setCatalog(String)

public abstract String getClientInfo (String name)

Returns the value of the client info property specified by name. This method may return null if the specified client info property has not been set and does not have a default value. This method will also return null if the specified client info property name is not supported by the driver.

Applications may use the DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver.

Parameters

name	The name of the client info property to retrieve

Returns

• The value of the client info property specified

Throws

SQLException	if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info value from the database or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties()

public abstract Properties getClientInfo ()

Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info property supported by the driver. The value of a client info property may be null if the property has not been set and does not have a default value.

Returns

• A Properties object that contains the name and current value of each of the client info properties supported by the driver.

Throws

SQLException	if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info values from the database or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract int getHoldability ()

Retrieves the current holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object.

Returns

• the holdability, one of ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• setHoldability(int)
• DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability()
• ResultSet

public abstract DatabaseMetaData getMetaData ()

Retrieves a DatabaseMetaData object that contains metadata about the database to which this Connection object represents a connection. The metadata includes information about the database's tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on.

Returns

• a DatabaseMetaData object for this Connection object

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract int getTransactionIsolation ()

Retrieves this Connection object's current transaction isolation level.

Returns

• the current transaction isolation level, which will be one of the following constants: Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE, or Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE.

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• setTransactionIsolation(int)

public abstract Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap ()

Retrieves the Map object associated with this Connection object. Unless the application has added an entry, the type map returned will be empty.

You must invoke setTypeMap after making changes to the Map object returned from getTypeMap as a JDBC driver may create an internal copy of the Map object passed to setTypeMap:

      Map<String,Class<?>> myMap = con.getTypeMap();
      myMap.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Athletes.class);
      con.setTypeMap(myMap);
 

Returns

• the java.util.Map object associated with this Connection object

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method

See Also

• setTypeMap(Map>)

public abstract SQLWarning getWarnings ()

Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this Connection object. If there is more than one warning, subsequent warnings will be chained to the first one and can be retrieved by calling the method SQLWarning.getNextWarning on the warning that was retrieved previously.

This method may not be called on a closed connection; doing so will cause an SQLException to be thrown.

Note: Subsequent warnings will be chained to this SQLWarning.

Returns

• the first SQLWarning object or null if there are none

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• SQLWarning

public abstract boolean isClosed ()

Retrieves whether this Connection object has been closed. A connection is closed if the method close has been called on it or if certain fatal errors have occurred. This method is guaranteed to return true only when it is called after the method Connection.close has been called.

This method generally cannot be called to determine whether a connection to a database is valid or invalid. A typical client can determine that a connection is invalid by catching any exceptions that might be thrown when an operation is attempted.

Returns

• true if this Connection object is closed; false if it is still open

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs

public abstract boolean isReadOnly ()

Retrieves whether this Connection object is in read-only mode.

Returns

• true if this Connection object is read-only; false otherwise

Throws

SQLException	SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract boolean isValid (int timeout)

Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid. The driver shall submit a query on the connection or use some other mechanism that positively verifies the connection is still valid when this method is called.

The query submitted by the driver to validate the connection shall be executed in the context of the current transaction.

Parameters

timeout	- The time in seconds to wait for the database operation used to validate the connection to complete. If the timeout period expires before the operation completes, this method returns false. A value of 0 indicates a timeout is not applied to the database operation.

Returns

• true if the connection is valid, false otherwise

Throws

SQLException	if the value supplied for timeout is less then 0

See Also

• DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties()

public abstract String nativeSQL (String sql)

Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar. A driver may convert the JDBC SQL grammar into its system's native SQL grammar prior to sending it. This method returns the native form of the statement that the driver would have sent.

Parameters

sql	an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' parameter placeholders

Returns

• the native form of this statement

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract CallableStatement prepareCall (String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)

Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareCall method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

sql	a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters
resultSetType	a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency	a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE

Returns

• a new CallableStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type and result set concurrency.

public abstract CallableStatement prepareCall (String sql)

Creates a CallableStatement object for calling database stored procedures. The CallableStatement object provides methods for setting up its IN and OUT parameters, and methods for executing the call to a stored procedure.

Note: This method is optimized for handling stored procedure call statements. Some drivers may send the call statement to the database when the method prepareCall is done; others may wait until the CallableStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which method throws certain SQLExceptions.

Result sets created using the returned CallableStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

sql	an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' parameter placeholders. Typically this statement is specified using JDBC call escape syntax.

Returns

• a new default CallableStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract CallableStatement prepareCall (String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)

Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareCall method above, but it allows the default result set type, result set concurrency type and holdability to be overridden.

Parameters

sql	a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters
resultSetType	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
resultSetHoldability	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT

Returns

• a new CallableStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.

See Also

• ResultSet

public abstract PreparedStatement prepareStatement (String sql, String[] columnNames)

Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. This array contains the names of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be returned. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.

Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.

Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

sql	an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
columnNames	an array of column names indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row or rows

Returns

• a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column names

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method

public abstract PreparedStatement prepareStatement (String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)

Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.

This method is the same as the prepareStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.

Parameters

sql	a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN parameters
resultSetType	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
resultSetHoldability	one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT

Returns

• a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.

See Also

• ResultSet

public abstract PreparedStatement prepareStatement (String sql, int[] columnIndexes)

Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.

Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.

Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

sql	an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
columnIndexes	an array of column indexes indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row or rows

Returns

• a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column indexes

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method

public abstract PreparedStatement prepareStatement (String sql)

Creates a PreparedStatement object for sending parameterized SQL statements to the database.

A SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.

Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLException objects.

Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

sql	an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders

Returns

• a new default PreparedStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

public abstract PreparedStatement prepareStatement (String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)

Creates a default PreparedStatement object that has the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys. The given constant tells the driver whether it should make auto-generated keys available for retrieval. This parameter is ignored if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.

Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

sql	an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
autoGeneratedKeys	a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned; one of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS or Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS

Returns

• a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will have the capability of returning auto-generated keys

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameter is not a Statement constant indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS

public abstract PreparedStatement prepareStatement (String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)

Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().

Parameters

sql	a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN parameters
resultSetType	a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency	a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE

Returns

• a new PreparedStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type and result set concurrency.

public abstract void releaseSavepoint (Savepoint savepoint)

Removes the specified Savepoint and subsequent Savepoint objects from the current transaction. Any reference to the savepoint after it have been removed will cause an SQLException to be thrown.

Parameters

savepoint	the Savepoint object to be removed

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given Savepoint object is not a valid savepoint in the current transaction
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method

public abstract void rollback ()

Undoes all changes made in the current transaction and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object. This method should be used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection or this Connection object is in auto-commit mode

See Also

• setAutoCommit(boolean)

public abstract void rollback (Savepoint savepoint)

Undoes all changes made after the given Savepoint object was set.

This method should be used only when auto-commit has been disabled.

Parameters

savepoint	the Savepoint object to roll back to

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection, the Savepoint object is no longer valid, or this Connection object is currently in auto-commit mode
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException	if the JDBC driver does not support this method

See Also

• Savepoint
• rollback()

public abstract void setAutoCommit (boolean autoCommit)

Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state. If a connection is in auto-commit mode, then all its SQL statements will be executed and committed as individual transactions. Otherwise, its SQL statements are grouped into transactions that are terminated by a call to either the method commit or the method rollback. By default, new connections are in auto-commit mode.

The commit occurs when the statement completes. The time when the statement completes depends on the type of SQL Statement:

• For DML statements, such as Insert, Update or Delete, and DDL statements, the statement is complete as soon as it has finished executing.
• For Select statements, the statement is complete when the associated result set is closed.
• For CallableStatement objects or for statements that return multiple results, the statement is complete when all of the associated result sets have been closed, and all update counts and output parameters have been retrieved.

NOTE: If this method is called during a transaction and the auto-commit mode is changed, the transaction is committed. If setAutoCommit is called and the auto-commit mode is not changed, the call is a no-op.

Parameters

autoCommit	true to enable auto-commit mode; false to disable it

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs, setAutoCommit(true) is called while participating in a distributed transaction, or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• getAutoCommit()

public abstract void setCatalog (String catalog)

Sets the given catalog name in order to select a subspace of this Connection object's database in which to work.

If the driver does not support catalogs, it will silently ignore this request.

Calling setCatalog has no effect on previously created or prepared Statement objects. It is implementation defined whether a DBMS prepare operation takes place immediately when the Connection method prepareStatement or prepareCall is invoked. For maximum portability, setCatalog should be called before a Statement is created or prepared.

Parameters

catalog	the name of a catalog (subspace in this Connection object's database) in which to work

Throws

SQLException	if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection

See Also

• getCatalog()

public abstract void setClientInfo (Properties properties)

Sets the value of the connection's client info properties. The Properties object contains the names and values of the client info properties to be set. The set of client info properties contained in the properties list replaces the current set of client info properties on the connection. If a property that is currently set on the connection is not present in the properties list, that property is cleared. Specifying an empty properties list will clear all of the properties on the connection. See setClientInfo (String, String) for more