Die Kartenansicht wird so modelliert, als wäre eine Kamera auf eine ebene Fläche ausgerichtet. Die Position der Kamera (und damit das Rendern der Karte) wird durch die folgenden Eigenschaften festgelegt: latitude, longitude, altitude, heading, tilt, range und fov.
Das Kameraziel ist der Standort in der Kartenmitte, angegeben in Breiten- und Längengradkoordinaten. Sie haben zwei Möglichkeiten, die Position der Kamera anzugeben:
- Nach Zielpunkt: Verwenden Sie das Attribut
center, um eine Koordinate auf der Karte anzugeben, auf die die Kamera ausgerichtet sein soll. Das ist am besten, wenn Sie sicherstellen möchten, dass ein Wahrzeichen oder eine Gegend im Vordergrund ist. - Über Kamerakoordinaten: Verwenden Sie die Eigenschaft
cameraPosition, um die Kamera an einem bestimmten Breiten-, Längen- und Höhengrad zu positionieren. Das ist ideal, um einen genauen Blickwinkel festzulegen.
Logisch gesehen sind center und cameraPosition verknüpft. Wenn Sie einen Wert festlegen, wird der andere automatisch anhand der Ausrichtung und Entfernung der Kamera berechnet.
Mit Eigenschaften wie tilt, heading und roll wird gesteuert, wie die Kamera ausgerichtet wird, unabhängig davon, welche Positionierungsmethode Sie verwenden.
Im folgenden Beispiel können Sie zwischen center (Kamera mit Blick auf den Kartenmittelpunkt) und cameraPosition (Kamera am Kartenmittelpunkt) wechseln.
Vollständigen Quellcode des Beispiels ansehen
TypeScript
async function init(): Promise<void> { // Import the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d')!; const btn = document.getElementById('switch-mode-btn') as HTMLButtonElement; const initialCenter = { lat: 40.7860524, lng: -73.9634983, altitude: 0 }; let isCenterMode = true; btn.addEventListener('click', () => { if (isCenterMode) { // Switch to Camera Position Mode. // Place the camera at the marker's location, but 50m up in the air map3DElement.cameraPosition = { ...initialCenter, altitude: 50 }; map3DElement.tilt = 80; btn.textContent = 'Switch to Center Mode'; isCenterMode = false; } else { // Revert back to Center Mode (looking AT the marker) map3DElement.center = initialCenter; map3DElement.tilt = 70; map3DElement.range = 1500; // Restore the original range value. btn.textContent = 'Switch to Camera Position'; isCenterMode = true; } }); } void init();
JavaScript
async function init() { // Import the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d'); const btn = document.getElementById('switch-mode-btn'); const initialCenter = { lat: 40.7860524, lng: -73.9634983, altitude: 0 }; let isCenterMode = true; btn.addEventListener('click', () => { if (isCenterMode) { // Switch to Camera Position Mode. // Place the camera at the marker's location, but 50m up in the air map3DElement.cameraPosition = { ...initialCenter, altitude: 50 }; map3DElement.tilt = 80; btn.textContent = 'Switch to Center Mode'; isCenterMode = false; } else { // Revert back to Center Mode (looking AT the marker) map3DElement.center = initialCenter; map3DElement.tilt = 70; map3DElement.range = 1500; // Restore the original range value. btn.textContent = 'Switch to Camera Position'; isCenterMode = true; } }); } void init();
CSS
html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #ui-container { position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; z-index: 10; } button { background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.75); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); color: #f8fafc; padding: 12px 20px; border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.2s ease; box-shadow: 0 8px 32px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.37); } button:hover { background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2); border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4); transform: translateY(-1px); } button:active { transform: translateY(0); }
HTML
<html>
<head>
<title>3D Camera Position</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
<script>
// prettier-ignore
(g=>{var h,a,k,p="The Google Maps JavaScript API",c="google",l="importLibrary",q="__ib__",m=document,b=window;b=b[c]||(b[c]={});var d=b.maps||(b.maps={}),r=new Set,e=new URLSearchParams,u=()=>h||(h=new Promise(async(f,n)=>{await (a=m.createElement("script"));e.set("libraries",[...r]+"");for(k in g)e.set(k.replace(/[A-Z]/g,t=>"_"+t[0].toLowerCase()),g[k]);e.set("callback",c+".maps."+q);a.src=`https://maps.${c}apis.com/maps/api/js?`+e;d[q]=f;a.onerror=()=>h=n(Error(p+" could not load."));a.nonce=m.querySelector("script[nonce]")?.nonce||"";m.head.append(a)}));d[l]?console.warn(p+" only loads once. Ignoring:",g):d[l]=(f,...n)=>r.add(f)&&u().then(()=>d[l](f,...n))})({
key: "AIzaSyA6myHzS10YXdcazAFalmXvDkrYCp5cLc8"
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<gmp-map-3d
center="40.7860524,-73.9634983"
range="1500"
tilt="70"
heading="-150"
mode="satellite">
<gmp-marker
position="40.7860524,-73.9634983"
altitude-mode="clamp-to-ground"></gmp-marker>
</gmp-map-3d>
<div id="ui-container">
<button id="switch-mode-btn" type="button">
Switch to Camera Position
</button>
</div>
</body>
</html>Testbeispiel
Sichtfeld und Reichweite
In einer 3D-Umgebung wird das Konzept des „Zooms“ durch zwei separate Parameter gesteuert: range und fov (Sichtfeld). Beide Faktoren wirken sich darauf aus, wie groß Objekte auf der Karte dargestellt werden, aber auf unterschiedliche Weise:
range: Der physische Abstand zwischen der Kamera und ihrem Zentralpunkt. Das Anpassen des Bereichs ist vergleichbar damit, eine Kamera näher an ein Motiv heranzubewegen oder weiter davon zu entfernen.fov: Der vertikale Winkel des Kameraobjektivs in Grad. Das Anpassen des Sichtfelds entspricht dem Wechseln des Objektivs einer Kamera. Ein höherer Wert (bis zu 80 Grad) wirkt wie ein Weitwinkelobjektiv und zeigt mehr von der Peripherie. Ein niedrigerer Wert (bis zu 5 Grad) wirkt wie ein Teleobjektiv und verengt den Fokus.
Im folgenden Beispiel können Sie ausprobieren, wie die verschiedenen Optionen für die Karten- und Kamerapositionierung zusammenwirken. Sie können Parameter über die UI-Schieberegler festlegen oder direkt mit der Karte und den Kartensteuerelementen interagieren. Die resultierenden Parameter werden einem gmp-map-3d-Element hinzugefügt, das Sie kopieren und wiederverwenden können.
Vollständigen Quellcode des Beispiels ansehen
TypeScript
async function initMap(): Promise<void> { // Declare the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d')!; // Elements from HTML const headingSlider = document.getElementById( 'heading' ) as HTMLInputElement; const tiltSlider = document.getElementById('tilt') as HTMLInputElement; const rangeSlider = document.getElementById('range') as HTMLInputElement; const latSlider = document.getElementById('lat') as HTMLInputElement; const lngSlider = document.getElementById('lng') as HTMLInputElement; const fovSlider = document.getElementById('fov') as HTMLInputElement; const rollSlider = document.getElementById('roll') as HTMLInputElement; const headingVal = document.getElementById('heading-val')!; const tiltVal = document.getElementById('tilt-val')!; const rangeVal = document.getElementById('range-val')!; const altitudeVal = document.getElementById('altitude-val')!; const fovVal = document.getElementById('fov-val')!; const rollVal = document.getElementById('roll-val')!; const codeElem = document.getElementById('generated-code')!; const copyBtn = document.getElementById('copy-btn') as HTMLButtonElement; let currentAltitude = 30; let isUserInteracting = false; // Update values on UI when the map changes. const updateUI = () => { const heading = map3DElement.heading?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const tilt = map3DElement.tilt?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const range = map3DElement.range?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const rawFov = parseFloat(map3DElement.fov?.toFixed(0) ?? '45'); const fovClamped = Math.min(80, Math.max(5, rawFov)); const fov = fovClamped.toString(); const roll = map3DElement.roll?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const center = map3DElement.center; const mode = map3DElement.mode; headingVal.textContent = heading; tiltVal.textContent = tilt; rangeVal.textContent = range; fovVal.textContent = fov; rollVal.textContent = roll; if (!isUserInteracting) { fovSlider.value = fov; headingSlider.value = heading; tiltSlider.value = tilt; rangeSlider.value = Math.min(10000, parseFloat(range)).toString(); rollSlider.value = roll; } if (center) { const lat = center.lat.toFixed(4); const lng = center.lng.toFixed(4); const alt = currentAltitude.toFixed(0); latSlider.value = lat; lngSlider.value = lng; altitudeVal.textContent = alt; codeElem.textContent = `<gmp-map-3d center="${lat},${lng},${alt}" mode="${mode}" tilt="${tilt}" range="${range}" heading="${heading}" fov="${fov}" roll="${roll}"></gmp-map-3d>`; } }; // Copy generated HTML to clipboard. copyBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { void navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeElem.textContent || ''); copyBtn.textContent = 'Copied!'; setTimeout(() => { copyBtn.textContent = 'Copy HTML'; }, 2000); }); // Listen to slider changes using event delegation. const panel = document.querySelector('.panel')!; panel.addEventListener('input', (e) => { const target = e.target as HTMLInputElement; if (target.tagName !== 'INPUT') return; isUserInteracting = true; const prop = target.name; const val = parseFloat(target.value); if (prop === 'lat') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: val, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'lng') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: val, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'altitude') { currentAltitude = val; const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: val, }; } } else if (prop === 'tilt') { map3DElement.tilt = Math.max(0, val); } else if (prop === 'fov') { map3DElement.fov = Math.min(80, Math.max(5, val)); } else { // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any (map3DElement as any)[prop] = val; } updateUI(); }); panel.addEventListener('change', (e) => { const target = e.target as HTMLInputElement; if (target.tagName === 'INPUT') { isUserInteracting = false; } }); // Update UI on camera change events. map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-headingchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-tiltchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-rangechange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-fovchange', updateUI); // Initial UI sync setTimeout(updateUI, 500); } void initMap();
JavaScript
async function initMap() { // Declare the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d'); // Elements from HTML const headingSlider = document.getElementById('heading'); const tiltSlider = document.getElementById('tilt'); const rangeSlider = document.getElementById('range'); const latSlider = document.getElementById('lat'); const lngSlider = document.getElementById('lng'); const fovSlider = document.getElementById('fov'); const rollSlider = document.getElementById('roll'); const headingVal = document.getElementById('heading-val'); const tiltVal = document.getElementById('tilt-val'); const rangeVal = document.getElementById('range-val'); const altitudeVal = document.getElementById('altitude-val'); const fovVal = document.getElementById('fov-val'); const rollVal = document.getElementById('roll-val'); const codeElem = document.getElementById('generated-code'); const copyBtn = document.getElementById('copy-btn'); let currentAltitude = 30; let isUserInteracting = false; // Update values on UI when the map changes. const updateUI = () => { const heading = map3DElement.heading?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const tilt = map3DElement.tilt?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const range = map3DElement.range?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const rawFov = parseFloat(map3DElement.fov?.toFixed(0) ?? '45'); const fovClamped = Math.min(80, Math.max(5, rawFov)); const fov = fovClamped.toString(); const roll = map3DElement.roll?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const center = map3DElement.center; const mode = map3DElement.mode; headingVal.textContent = heading; tiltVal.textContent = tilt; rangeVal.textContent = range; fovVal.textContent = fov; rollVal.textContent = roll; if (!isUserInteracting) { fovSlider.value = fov; headingSlider.value = heading; tiltSlider.value = tilt; rangeSlider.value = Math.min(10000, parseFloat(range)).toString(); rollSlider.value = roll; } if (center) { const lat = center.lat.toFixed(4); const lng = center.lng.toFixed(4); const alt = currentAltitude.toFixed(0); latSlider.value = lat; lngSlider.value = lng; altitudeVal.textContent = alt; codeElem.textContent = `<gmp-map-3d center="${lat},${lng},${alt}" mode="${mode}" tilt="${tilt}" range="${range}" heading="${heading}" fov="${fov}" roll="${roll}"></gmp-map-3d>`; } }; // Copy generated HTML to clipboard. copyBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { void navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeElem.textContent || ''); copyBtn.textContent = 'Copied!'; setTimeout(() => { copyBtn.textContent = 'Copy HTML'; }, 2000); }); // Listen to slider changes using event delegation. const panel = document.querySelector('.panel'); panel.addEventListener('input', (e) => { const target = e.target; if (target.tagName !== 'INPUT') return; isUserInteracting = true; const prop = target.name; const val = parseFloat(target.value); if (prop === 'lat') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: val, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'lng') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: val, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'altitude') { currentAltitude = val; const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: val, }; } } else if (prop === 'tilt') { map3DElement.tilt = Math.max(0, val); } else if (prop === 'fov') { map3DElement.fov = Math.min(80, Math.max(5, val)); } else { // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any map3DElement[prop] = val; } updateUI(); }); panel.addEventListener('change', (e) => { const target = e.target; if (target.tagName === 'INPUT') { isUserInteracting = false; } }); // Update UI on camera change events. map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-headingchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-tiltchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-rangechange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-fovchange', updateUI); // Initial UI sync setTimeout(updateUI, 500); } void initMap();
CSS
html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; background-color: #0f172a; color: #e2e8f0; } gmp-map-3d { height: 100%; width: 100%; } /* Glassmorphism UI Overlay */ #ui-container { position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; width: 320px; z-index: 10; } .panel { background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.75); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); border-radius: 16px; padding: 24px; margin-top: 10px; box-shadow: 0 8px 32px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.37); } h1 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 4px 0; background: linear-gradient(to right, #38bdf8, #818cf8); -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; } .sub-title { font-size: 0.85rem; color: #94a3b8; margin: 0 0 20px 0; } h2 { font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 16px 0 8px 0; color: #f8fafc; } .control-group { margin-bottom: 16px; } label { display: block; font-size: 0.85rem; margin-bottom: 6px; color: #cbd5e1; } span { font-weight: 600; color: #38bdf8; } .row { display: flex; gap: 12px; } .col { flex: 1; } input[type='number'] { font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.5); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); color: #f8fafc; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius: 6px; outline: none; } input[type='range'] { width: 100%; height: 4px; background: #334155; border-radius: 2px; outline: none; -webkit-appearance: none; } input[type='range']::-webkit-slider-thumb { -webkit-appearance: none; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background: #38bdf8; cursor: pointer; box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.5); transition: all 0.2s ease; } input[type='range']::-webkit-slider-thumb:hover { transform: scale(1.2); background: #60a5fa; } .buttons { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; } button { background: rgba(51, 65, 85, 0.5); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); color: #f8fafc; padding: 10px 16px; border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; text-align: left; } button:hover { background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2); border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4); transform: translateY(-1px); } button:active { transform: translateY(0); } .status-group p { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; margin: 4px 0; background: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.5); padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 6px; font-family: monospace; } .code-box { position: relative; background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.9); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); margin-top: 8px; } pre { margin: 0; padding: 12px; overflow-x: auto; } code { font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; color: #38bdf8; } #copy-btn { display: block; width: 100%; margin-top: 8px; padding: 8px; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; background: #334155; color: #f8fafc; border: none; border-radius: 6px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; } #copy-btn:hover { background: #38bdf8; color: #0f172a; }
HTML
<html>
<head>
<title>Google Maps 3D - Camera Position Controller</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
<script>
// prettier-ignore
(g=>{var h,a,k,p="The Google Maps JavaScript API",c="google",l="importLibrary",q="__ib__",m=document,b=window;b=b[c]||(b[c]={});var d=b.maps||(b.maps={}),r=new Set,e=new URLSearchParams,u=()=>h||(h=new Promise(async(f,n)=>{await (a=m.createElement("script"));e.set("libraries",[...r]+"");for(k in g)e.set(k.replace(/[A-Z]/g,t=>"_"+t[0].toLowerCase()),g[k]);e.set("callback",c+".maps."+q);a.src=`https://maps.${c}apis.com/maps/api/js?`+e;d[q]=f;a.onerror=()=>h=n(Error(p+" could not load."));a.nonce=m.querySelector("script[nonce]")?.nonce||"";m.head.append(a)}));d[l]?console.warn(p+" only loads once. Ignoring:",g):d[l]=(f,...n)=>r.add(f)&&u().then(()=>d[l](f,...n))})({
key: "AIzaSyA6myHzS10YXdcazAFalmXvDkrYCp5cLc8"
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<gmp-map-3d
center="40.7811,-73.9599,0"
mode="HYBRID"
tilt="76"
range="3270"
heading="-154"></gmp-map-3d>
<div id="ui-container">
<div class="panel">
<div class="control-group">
<label for="heading">
Heading: <span id="heading-val">0</span>°
</label>
<input
type="range"
id="heading"
name="heading"
min="-180"
max="180"
value="0"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="tilt">
Tilt: <span id="tilt-val">45</span>°
</label>
<input
type="range"
id="tilt"
name="tilt"
min="0"
max="90"
value="45"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="range">
Range: <span id="range-val">1000</span>m
</label>
<input
type="range"
id="range"
name="range"
min="100"
max="10000"
value="1000"
step="100" />
</div>
<div class="control-group row">
<div class="col">
<label for="lat">Latitude</label>
<input
type="number"
id="lat"
name="lat"
min="-90"
max="90"
value="40.7040"
step="0.0001" />
</div>
<div class="col">
<label for="lng">Longitude</label>
<input
type="number"
id="lng"
name="lng"
min="-180"
max="180"
value="-74.0180"
step="0.0001" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="altitude">
Altitude: <span id="altitude-val">30</span>m
</label>
<input
type="range"
id="altitude"
name="altitude"
min="0"
max="5000"
value="30"
step="10" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="fov">
FOV: <span id="fov-val">35</span>°
</label>
<input
type="range"
id="fov"
name="fov"
min="5"
max="80"
value="35"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="roll">
Roll: <span id="roll-val">0</span>°
</label>
<input
type="range"
id="roll"
name="roll"
min="-180"
max="180"
value="0"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="status-group">
<div class="code-box">
<pre><code id="generated-code"></code></pre>
</div>
<button id="copy-btn">Copy HTML</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>