Fetch resources and communicate with other hosts over the Internet.
This service allows scripts to communicate with other applications or access other resources on the web by fetching URLs. A script can use the URL Fetch service to issue HTTP and HTTPS requests and receive responses. The URL Fetch service uses Google's network infrastructure for efficiency and scaling purposes.
Requests made using this service originate from a set pool of IP ranges. You can look up the full list of IP addresses if you need to whitelist or approve these requests.
This service requires the https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.external_request
scope. In most cases Apps Script automatically detects and includes the scopes a script needs,
but if you are setting your scopes
explicitly you must manually add this scope to use UrlFetchApp.
See also
Methods
| Method | Return type | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
fetch(url) | HTTPResponse | Makes a request to fetch a URL. |
fetch(url, params) | HTTPResponse | Makes a request to fetch a URL using optional advanced parameters. |
fetchAll(requests) | HTTPResponse[] | Makes multiple requests to fetch multiple URLs using optional advanced parameters. |
getRequest(url) | Object | Returns the request that would be made if the operation was invoked. |
getRequest(url, params) | Object | Returns the request that would be made if the operation were invoked. |
Detailed documentation
fetch(url)
Makes a request to fetch a URL.
This works over HTTP as well as HTTPS.
// The code below logs the HTML code of the Google home page.
var response = UrlFetchApp.fetch("http://www.google.com/");
Logger.log(response.getContentText());
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url | String | the URL to fetch |
Return
HTTPResponse — the HTTP response data
fetch(url, params)
Makes a request to fetch a URL using optional advanced parameters.
This works over HTTP as well as HTTPS.
// Make a GET request and log the returned content.
var response = UrlFetchApp.fetch('http://www.google.com/');
Logger.log(response.getContentText());
// Make a POST request with form data.
var resumeBlob = Utilities.newBlob('Hire me!', 'text/plain', 'resume.txt');
var formData = {
'name': 'Bob Smith',
'email': 'bob@example.com',
'resume': resumeBlob
};
// Because payload is a JavaScript object, it will be interpreted as
// as form data. (No need to specify contentType; it will automatically
// default to either 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
// or 'multipart/form-data')
var options = {
'method' : 'post',
'payload' : formData
};
UrlFetchApp.fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', options);
// Make a POST request with a JSON payload.
var data = {
'name': 'Bob Smith',
'age': 35,
'pets': ['fido', 'fluffy']
};
var options = {
'method' : 'post',
'contentType': 'application/json',
// Convert the JavaScript object to a JSON string.
'payload' : JSON.stringify(data)
};
UrlFetchApp.fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', options);
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url | String | the URL to fetch |
params | Object | optional JavaScript object specifying advanced parameters as defined below |
Advanced parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
contentType | String | the content type (defaults to 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'). Another example of content type is 'application/xml; charset=utf-8'. |
headers | Object | a JavaScript key/value map of HTTP headers for the request |
method | String | the HTTP method for the request: get, delete,
patch, post, or put. The default is get. |
payload | String | the payload (e.g. POST body) for the request. Certain HTTP methods (e.g. GET) do not accept a payload. It can be a string, a byte array, or a JavaScript object. A JavaScript object will be interpretted as a map of form field names to values, where the values can be either strings or blobs. |
useIntranet | Boolean | Deprecated. This instructs fetch to resolve the specified URL within the intranet linked to your domain through (deprecated) SDC |
validateHttpsCertificates | Boolean | if this is set to false, the fetch will ignore any invalid certificates for HTTPS requests. The default is true. |
followRedirects | Boolean | if this is set to false, the fetch not automatically follow HTTP redirects; it will return the original HTTP response. The default is true. |
muteHttpExceptions | Boolean | if this is set to true, the fetch will not
throw an exception if the response code indicates failure, and will instead return the
HTTPResponse (default: false) |
escaping | Boolean | if this is set to false, reserved characters in the
URL will not be escaped (default: true) |
Return
HTTPResponse — the http response data
fetchAll(requests)
Makes multiple requests to fetch multiple URLs using optional advanced parameters.
This works over HTTP as well as HTTPS.
// Make both a POST request with form data, and a GET request.
var resumeBlob = Utilities.newBlob('Hire me!', 'text/plain', 'resume.txt');
var formData1 = {
'name': 'Bob Smith',
'email': 'bob@example.com',
'resume': resumeBlob
};
// Because payload is a JavaScript object, it is interpreted as
// as form data. (No need to specify contentType; it defaults to either
// 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' or 'multipart/form-data')
var request1 = {
'url': 'https://httpbin.org/post',
'method' : 'post',
'payload' : formData
};
// A request may also just be a URL.
var request2 = 'https://httpbin.org/get?key=value';
UrlFetchApp.fetchAll(request1, request2);
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
requests | Object[] | array of either URLs, or JavaScript objects specifying requests as defined below |
Advanced parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url | String | the URL to fetch |
contentType | String | the content type (defaults to 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'). Another example of content type is 'application/xml; charset=utf-8'. |
headers | Object | a JavaScript key/value map of HTTP headers for the request |
method | String | the HTTP method for the request: get, delete,
patch, post, or put. The default is get. |
payload | String | the payload (for example, POST body) for the request. Certain HTTP methods (for example, GET) do not accept a payload. It can be a string, a byte array, or a JavaScript object. A JavaScript object is interpreted as a map of form field names to values, where the values can be either strings or blobs. |
useIntranet | Boolean | Deprecated. This instructs fetch to resolve the specified URL within the intranet linked to your domain through (deprecated) SDC |
validateHttpsCertificates | Boolean | if set to false, the fetch ignores any invalid certificates for HTTPS requests. The default is true. |
followRedirects | Boolean | if this is set to false, the fetch not automatically follow HTTP redirects; it returns the original HTTP response. The default is true. |
muteHttpExceptions | Boolean | if this is set to true, the fetch does not
throw an exception if the response code indicates failure, and instead returns the HTTPResponse (default: false) |
escaping | Boolean | if this is set to false, reserved characters in the
URL are not escaped (default: true) |
Return
HTTPResponse[] — an array of http response data from each input request
getRequest(url)
Returns the request that would be made if the operation was invoked.
This method does not actually issue the request.
// The code below logs the value for every key of the returned map.
var response = UrlFetchApp.getRequest("http://www.google.com/");
for(i in response) {
Logger.log(i + ": " + response[i]);
}
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url | String | the URL to look up |
Return
Object — a map of Field Name to Value. The map has at least the following keys: url, method,
contentType, payload, headers.
getRequest(url, params)
Returns the request that would be made if the operation were invoked.
This method does not actually issue the request.
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url | String | the url to look up |
params | Object | optional JavaScript object specifying advanced parameters as defined below |
Advanced parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
contentType | String | the content type (defaults to 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'). Another example of content type is 'application/xml; charset=utf-8'. |
headers | Object | a JavaScript key/value map of HTTP headers for the request |
method | String | the HTTP method for the request: get, delete,
patch, post, or put. The default is get. |
payload | String | the payload (that is, the POST body) for the request. Certain HTTP methods (for example, GET) do not accept a payload. It can be a string, a byte array, a blob, or a JavaScript object. A JavaScript object is interpreted as a map of form field names to values, where the values can be either strings or blobs. |
useIntranet | Boolean | Deprecated. This instructs fetch to resolve the specified URL within the intranet linked to your domain through (deprecated) SDC |
validateHttpsCertificates | Boolean | if this is set to false, the fetch will ignore any invalid certificates for HTTPS requests. The default is true. |
followRedirects | Boolean | if this is set to false, the fetch not automatically follow HTTP redirects; it will return the original HTTP response. The default is true. |
muteHttpExceptions | Boolean | if this is set to true, the fetch will not
throw an exception if the response code indicates failure, and will instead return the
HTTPResponse (default: false) |
escaping | Boolean | if this is set to false, reserved characters in the
URL will not be escaped (default: true) |
Return
Object — a map of Field Name to Value. The map has at least the following keys: url, method,
contentType, payload, headers.
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