概览
本教程介绍如何利用 Google Maps JavaScript API 的地理定位功能在 Google 地图上显示用户或设备的地理位置。
下面是一幅可确定您的当前位置的地图。
以下示例显示了创建此地图所需的完整代码。
// Note: This example requires that you consent to location sharing when
// prompted by your browser. If you see the error "The Geolocation service
// failed.", it means you probably did not give permission for the browser to
// locate you.
function initMap() {
var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
center: {lat: -34.397, lng: 150.644},
zoom: 6
});
var infoWindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow({map: map});
// Try HTML5 geolocation.
if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
var pos = {
lat: position.coords.latitude,
lng: position.coords.longitude
};
infoWindow.setPosition(pos);
infoWindow.setContent('Location found.');
map.setCenter(pos);
}, function() {
handleLocationError(true, infoWindow, map.getCenter());
});
} else {
// Browser doesn't support Geolocation
handleLocationError(false, infoWindow, map.getCenter());
}
}
function handleLocationError(browserHasGeolocation, infoWindow, pos) {
infoWindow.setPosition(pos);
infoWindow.setContent(browserHasGeolocation ?
'Error: The Geolocation service failed.' :
'Error: Your browser doesn\'t support geolocation.');
}
<div id="map"></div>
/* Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div
* element that contains the map. */
#map {
height: 100%;
}
/* Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. */
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
<!-- Replace the value of the key parameter with your own API key. --> <script async defer src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyCkUOdZ5y7hMm0yrcCQoCvLwzdM6M8s5qk&callback=initMap"> </script>
自己试一试
悬停在代码块右上角以复制代码或在 JSFiddle 中打开。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Geolocation</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
/* Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div
* element that contains the map. */
#map {
height: 100%;
}
/* Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. */
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="map"></div>
<script>
// Note: This example requires that you consent to location sharing when
// prompted by your browser. If you see the error "The Geolocation service
// failed.", it means you probably did not give permission for the browser to
// locate you.
function initMap() {
var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
center: {lat: -34.397, lng: 150.644},
zoom: 6
});
var infoWindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow({map: map});
// Try HTML5 geolocation.
if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
var pos = {
lat: position.coords.latitude,
lng: position.coords.longitude
};
infoWindow.setPosition(pos);
infoWindow.setContent('Location found.');
map.setCenter(pos);
}, function() {
handleLocationError(true, infoWindow, map.getCenter());
});
} else {
// Browser doesn't support Geolocation
handleLocationError(false, infoWindow, map.getCenter());
}
}
function handleLocationError(browserHasGeolocation, infoWindow, pos) {
infoWindow.setPosition(pos);
infoWindow.setContent(browserHasGeolocation ?
'Error: The Geolocation service failed.' :
'Error: Your browser doesn\'t support geolocation.');
}
</script>
<script async defer
src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&callback=initMap">
</script>
</body>
</html>
什么是地理定位？
地理定位是指通过各种数据收集机制确定用户或计算设备的地理位置。大多数地理定位服务通常利用网络路由地址或内部 GPS 服务来确定此位置。地理定位是一种设备特定 API。这意味着，浏览器或设备必须支持地理定位，才能通过网络应用使用它。
W3C 地理定位标准
想要执行地理定位的应用必须支持 W3C 地理定位标准。请注意，以上示例代码通过 W3C navigator.geolocation 属性来确定用户的位置。
某些浏览器利用 IP 地址来检测用户的位置。不过，这种方法只能粗略估算用户的位置。W3C 采用的方法最简便，也是得到最全面支持的方法，因此在采用上应优先于其他地理定位方法。
Sensor 参数
Google Maps JavaScript API 之前要求使用 sensor 参数，以指示您的应用是否使用传感器来确定用户的位置。但该参数现在不再是必填项。
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