Review snippet

A review snippet is a short excerpt of a review or a rating from a review website, usually an average of the combined rating scores from many reviewers. When Google finds valid reviews or ratings markup, we may show a rich snippet that includes stars and other summary info from reviews or ratings. In addition to the text of the review, a rating is an evaluation described on a numeric scale (such as 1 to 5). Review snippets may appear in rich results or Google Knowledge Panels. You can supply ratings for the following content types (and subtypes):

Google also supports reviews for the following schema.org types (and their subtypes):

How to add structured data

Structured data is a standardized format for providing information about a page and classifying the page content. If you’re new to structured data, you can learn more about how structured data works.

Here's an overview of how to build, test, and release structured data. For a step-by-step guide on how to add structured data to a web page, check out the structured data codelab.

  1. Add the required properties. For information about where to put structured data on the page, watch JSON-LD structured data: Where to insert on the page.
  2. Follow the guidelines.
  3. Validate your code using the Rich Results Test.
  4. Deploy a few pages that include your structured data and use the URL Inspection tool to test how Google sees the page. Be sure that your page is accessible to Google and not blocked by a robots.txt file, the noindex tag, or login requirements. If the page looks okay, you can ask Google to recrawl your URLs.
  5. To keep Google informed of future changes, we recommend that you submit a sitemap. You can automate this with the Search Console Sitemap API.

Examples

There are several ways you can add Review structured data to a page:

  • Add a simple review.
  • Nest a review into another schema.org type using its review property.
  • Add aggregate ratings. You can omit the rating for an individual review if your marked-up content contains both an author and a review date. For aggregate reviews, you must supply the average rating for the rich snippet to display.
  • Nest aggregate ratings into another schema.org type using its aggregateRating property.

Simple review

Here's an example of a simple review that you can copy and paste to your own HTML page.

JSON-LD


<html>
  <head>
  <title>Legal Seafood</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org/",
      "@type": "Review",
      "itemReviewed": {
        "@type": "Restaurant",
        "image": "http://www.example.com/seafood-restaurant.jpg",
        "name": "Legal Seafood",
        "servesCuisine": "Seafood",
        "priceRange": "$$$",
        "telephone": "1234567",
        "address" :{
          "@type": "PostalAddress",
          "streetAddress": "123 William St",
          "addressLocality": "New York",
          "addressRegion": "NY",
          "postalCode": "10038",
          "addressCountry": "US"
        }
      },
      "reviewRating": {
        "@type": "Rating",
        "ratingValue": "4"
      },
      "name": "A good seafood place.",
      "author": {
        "@type": "Person",
        "name": "Bob Smith"
      },
      "reviewBody": "The seafood is great.",
      "publisher": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "Washington Times"
      }
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

RDFa


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Legal Seafood</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Review">
      <div property="itemReviewed" typeof="Restaurant">
        <img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
        <span property="name">Legal Seafood</span>
        <span property="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
        <span property="priceRange">$$$</span>
        <span property="telephone">1234567</span>
        <span property="address">123 William St, New York</span>
      </div>
      <span property="reviewRating" typeof="Rating">
        <span property="ratingValue">4</span>
      </span> stars -
      <b>"<span property="name">A good seafood place.</span>" </b>
      <span property="author" typeof="Person">
        <span property="name">Bob Smith</span>
      </span>
      <span property="reviewBody">The seafood is great.</span>
      <div property="publisher" typeof="Organization">
        <meta property="name" content="Washington Times">
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Microdata


 <html>
  <head>
  <title>Legal Seafood</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Review">
      <div itemprop="itemReviewed" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Restaurant">
        <img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
        <span itemprop="name">Legal Seafood</span>
        <span itemprop="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
        <span itemprop="priceRange">$$$</span>
        <span itemprop="telephone">1234567</span>
        <span itemprop="address">123 William St, New York</span>
      </div>
      <span itemprop="reviewRating" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Rating">
        <span itemprop="ratingValue">4</span>
      </span> stars -
      <b>"<span itemprop="name">A good seafood place.</span>" </b>
      <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person">
        <span itemprop="name">Bob Smith</span>
      </span>
      <span itemprop="reviewBody">The seafood is great.</span>
      <div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization">
        <meta itemprop="name" content="Washington Times">
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Nested review

Here's an example of a review that's nested in a Product. You can copy and paste the example to your own HTML page.

JSON-LD


<html>
  <head>
    <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org/",
      "@type": "Product",
      "brand": {
        "@type": "Brand",
        "name": "Penguin Books"
      },
      "description": "The Catcher in the Rye is a classic coming-of-age story: an story of teenage alienation, capturing the human need for connection and the bewildering sense of loss as we leave childhood behind.",
      "sku": "9780241984758",
      "mpn": "925872",
      "image": "http://www.example.com/catcher-in-the-rye-book-cover.jpg",
      "name": "The Catcher in the Rye",
      "review": {
        "@type": "Review",
        "reviewRating": {
          "@type": "Rating",
          "ratingValue": "5"
        },
        "author": {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "John Doe"
        },
        "reviewBody": "I really enjoyed this book. It captures the essential challenge people face as they try make sense of their lives and grow to adulthood."
      },
      "aggregateRating": {
        "@type": "AggregateRating",
        "ratingValue": "88",
        "bestRating": "100",
        "ratingCount": "20"
      },
      "offers": {
        "@type": "Offer",
        "url": "https://example.com/offers/catcher-in-the-rye",
        "priceCurrency": "USD",
        "price": "5.99",
        "priceValidUntil": "2020-11-05",
        "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/UsedCondition",
        "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
        "seller": {
          "@type": "Organization",
          "name": "eBay"
        }
      }
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

RDFa


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Product">
      <img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/catcher-in-the-rye-book-cover.jpg" alt="Catcher in the Rye"/>
      <span property="name">The Catcher in the Rye</span>
      <div property="review" typeof="Review"> Review:
        <span property="reviewRating" typeof="Rating">
            <span property="ratingValue">5</span> -
        </span>
        <b>"<span property="name">A masterpiece of literature</span>" </b> by
        <span property="author" typeof="Person">
          <span property="name">John Doe</span></span>, written on
        <meta property="datePublished" content="2006-05-04">May 4, 2006
        <div property="reviewBody">I really enjoyed this book. It captures the essential challenge people face as they try make sense of their lives and grow to adulthood.</div>
        <span property="publisher" typeof="Organization">
            <meta property="name" content="Washington Times">
        </span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Microdata


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>The Catcher in the Rye</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Product">
      <img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/catcher-in-the-rye-book-cover.jpg" alt="Catcher in the Rye"/>
      <span itemprop="name">The Catcher in the Rye</span>
      <div itemprop="review" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Review"> Review:
        <span itemprop="reviewRating" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Rating">
            <span itemprop="ratingValue">5</span> -
        </span>
        <b>"<span itemprop="name">A masterpiece of literature</span>" </b> by
        <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person">
          <span itemprop="name">John Doe</span></span>, written on
        <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2006-05-04">May 4, 2006
        <div itemprop="reviewBody">I really enjoyed this book. It captures the essential challenge people face as they try make sense of their lives and grow to adulthood.</div>
        <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Washington Times">
        </span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Aggregate rating

Here's an example of an aggregate rating that you can copy and paste to your own HTML page.

JSON-LD


<html>
  <head>
    <title>Legal Seafood</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org/",
      "@type": "AggregateRating",
      "itemReviewed": {
        "@type": "Restaurant",
        "image": "http://www.example.com/seafood-restaurant.jpg",
        "name": "Legal Seafood",
        "servesCuisine": "Seafood",
        "telephone": "1234567",
        "address" : {
          "@type": "PostalAddress",
          "streetAddress": "123 William St",
          "addressLocality": "New York",
          "addressRegion": "NY",
          "postalCode": "10038",
          "addressCountry": "US"
        }
      },
      "ratingValue": "88",
      "bestRating": "100",
      "ratingCount": "20"
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

RDFa


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Legal Seafood</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="AggregateRating">
      <div property="itemReviewed" typeof="Restaurant">
        <img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
        <span property="name">Legal Seafood</span>
        <span property="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
        <span property="telephone">1234567</span>
        <span property="address">123 William St, New York</span>
      </div>
      <span property="ratingValue">4.2</span> out of <span property="bestRating">5</span> stars -
      <span property="ratingCount">123</span> votes
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Microdata


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Legal Seafood</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateRating">
      <div itemprop="itemReviewed" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Restaurant">
        <img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
        <span itemprop="name">Legal Seafood</span>
        <span itemprop="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
        <span itemprop="telephone">1234567</span>
        <span itemprop="address">123 William St, New York</span>
      </div>
      <span itemprop="ratingValue">4.2</span> out of <span itemprop="bestRating">5</span> stars -
      <span itemprop="ratingCount">123</span> votes
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Nested aggregate rating

Here's an example of an aggregate rating that's nested in a Product. You can copy and paste the example to your own HTML page.

JSON-LD


<html>
  <head>
  <title>Executive Anvil</title>
  <script type="application/ld+json">
  {
    "@context": "https://schema.org/",
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Executive Anvil",
    "image": [
      "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
      "https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg",
      "https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg"
     ],
    "brand": {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "ACME"
    },
    "aggregateRating": {
      "@type": "AggregateRating",
      "ratingValue": "4.4",
      "ratingCount": "89"
    },
    "offers": {
      "@type": "AggregateOffer",
      "lowPrice": "119.99",
      "highPrice": "199.99",
      "priceCurrency": "USD"
    }
  }
  </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

RDFa


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Executive Anvil</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Product">
     <span property="brand">ACME</span> <span property="name">Executive Anvil</span>
     <img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/anvil_executive.jpg" alt="Executive Anvil logo" />
     <span property="aggregateRating"
           typeof="AggregateRating">
      Average rating: <span property="ratingValue">4.4</span>, based on
      <span property="ratingCount">89</span> reviews
     </span>
     <span property="offers" typeof="AggregateOffer">
      from $<span property="lowPrice">119.99</span> to
      $<span property="highPrice">199.99</span>
      <meta property="priceCurrency" content="USD" />
     </span>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Microdata


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Executive Anvil</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Product">
      <span itemprop="brand">ACME</span> <span itemprop="name">Executive Anvil</span>
      <img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/anvil_executive.jpg" />
      <span itemprop="aggregateRating" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateRating">
        Average rating: <span itemprop="ratingValue">4.4</span>, based on
        <span itemprop="ratingCount">89</span> reviews
      </span>
      <span itemprop="offers" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateOffer">
        from $<span itemprop="lowPrice">119.99</span> to
        $<span itemprop="highPrice">199.99</span>
        <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" />
      </span>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Guidelines

Your content must follow these guidelines to be eligible to appear as a rich result.

Technical guidelines

  • Make sure to mark up an aggregate evaluation of an item by many people with schema.org/AggregateRating. Google may display aggregate ratings as rich snippets or, for certain types of items, answers in search results.
  • Refer clearly to a specific product or service by nesting the review within the markup of another schema.org type, such as schema.org/Book or schema.org/Recipe, or by using a schema.org type as a value for the itemReviewed property.
  • Make sure the reviews and ratings you mark up are readily available to users from the marked-up page. It should be immediately obvious to users that the page has review content.
  • Provide review information about a specific item, not about a category or a list of items. For examples, refer to the common errors associated with list items.
  • If the review snippet is for a local business or an organization, you must follow these additional guidelines:
    • Pages using LocalBusiness or any other type of Organization structured data are ineligible for star review feature if the entity being reviewed controls the reviews about itself. For example, a review about entity A is placed on the website of entity A, either directly in their structured data or through an embedded third-party widget.
    • Ratings must be sourced directly from users.
    • Don't rely on human editors to create, curate, or compile ratings information for local businesses; instead, use critic review structured data.
    • Sites must collect ratings information directly from users and not from other sites.

Structured data type definitions

You must include the required properties for your structured data to display in search results. You can also include the recommended properties to add more information to your structured data, which could provide a better user experience.

Review

The full definition of Review is available at schema.org/Review.

Required properties
author

Person or Organization

The author of the review. The reviewer’s name must be a valid name. For example, "50% off until Saturday" is not a valid name for a reviewer.
itemReviewed

Thing

The item that is being reviewed. However, if the review is nested into another schema.org type using the review property, you can omit the itemReviewed property. The valid types for the reviewed item are:
itemReviewed.name

Text

The name of the item that is being reviewed. If the review is nested into another schema.org type using the review property, you still need to provide the name of the thing that is being reviewed. For example:

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Game",
  "name": "Firefly",
  "review": {
    "@type": "Review",
    "reviewRating": {
      "@type": "Rating",
      "ratingValue": "5"
    },
    "author": {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "John Doe"
    },
    "reviewBody": "I really enjoyed this game. You
    get to capture fireflies and put them in jars."
  }
}
reviewRating

Rating

The rating given in this review. The rating can be a nested Rating or more specific subtype. The most typical subtype is AggregateRating.
reviewRating.ratingValue

Number or Text

A numerical quality rating for the item, either a number, fraction, or percentage (for example, "4", "60%", or "6 / 10"). Google understands the scale for fractions and percentages, since the scale is implied in the fraction itself or the percentage. The default scale for numbers is a 5-point scale, where 1 is the lowest value and 5 is the highest value. If another scale is intended, use bestRating and worstRating.
Recommended properties
datePublished

Date

The date that the review was published, in ISO 8601 date format.

reviewRating.bestRating

Number

The highest value allowed in this rating system. If bestRating is omitted, 5 is assumed.
reviewRating.worstRating

Number

The lowest value allowed in this rating system. If worstRating is omitted, 1 is assumed.

AggregateRating

The full definition of AggregateRating is available at schema.org/AggregateRating.

Required properties
itemReviewed

Thing

The item that is being rated. However, if the aggregate rating is nested into another schema.org type using the aggregateRating property, you can omit the itemReviewed property. The valid types for the reviewed item are:
itemReviewed.name

Text

The name of the item that is being reviewed. If the review is nested into another schema.org type using the review property, you still need to provide the name of the thing that is being reviewed. For example:

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Game",
  "name": "Firefly",
  "aggregateRating": {
    "@type": "AggregateRating",
    "ratingValue": "88",
    "bestRating": "100",
    "ratingCount": "20"
  }
}
ratingCount

Number

The total number of ratings for the item on your site. At least one of ratingCount or reviewCount is required.
reviewCount

Number

Specifies the number of people who provided a review with or without an accompanying rating. At least one of ratingCount or reviewCount is required.

ratingValue

Number or Text

A numerical quality rating for the item, either a number, fraction, or percentage (for example, "4", "60%", or "6 / 10"). Google understands the scale for fractions and percentages, since the scale is implied in the fraction itself or the percentage. The default scale for numbers is a 5-point scale, where 1 is the lowest value and 5 is the highest value. If another scale is intended, use bestRating and worstRating.
Recommended properties
bestRating

Number

The highest value allowed in this rating system. If bestRating is omitted, 5 is assumed.

worstRating

Number

The lowest value allowed in this rating system. If worstRating is omitted, 1 is assumed.

Monitor rich results with Search Console

Search Console is a tool that helps you monitor how your pages perform in Google Search. You don't have to sign up for Search Console to be included in Google Search results, but it can help you understand and improve how Google sees your site. We recommend checking Search Console in the following cases:

  1. After deploying structured data for the first time
  2. After releasing new templates or updating your code
  3. Analyzing traffic periodically

After deploying structured data for the first time

After Google has indexed your pages, look for issues using the relevant Rich result status report. Ideally you should see an increase of valid pages, and no increase in errors or warnings. If you find issues in your structured data:

  1. Fix the errors.
  2. Inspect a live URL to check if the issue persists.
  3. Request validation using the status report.

After releasing new templates or updating your code

When you make significant changes to your website, monitor for increases in structured data errors and warnings.
  • If you see an increase in errors, perhaps you rolled out a new template that doesn't work, or your site interacts with the existing template in a new and bad way.
  • If you see a decrease in valid items (not matched by an increase in errors), perhaps you are no longer embedding structured data in your pages. Use the URL Inspection tool to learn what is causing the issue.

Analyzing traffic periodically

Analyze your Google Search traffic using the Performance Report. The data will show you how often your page appears as a rich result in Search, how often users click on it and what is the average position you appear on search results. You can also automatically pull these results with the Search Console API.

Troubleshooting

If you're having trouble implementing structured data, here are some resources that may help you.