"Crawler" is a generic term for any program (such as a robot or spider) that is used to
automatically discover and scan websites by following links from one webpage to another.
Google's main crawler is called
Googlebot. This table lists information
about the common Google crawlers you may see in your referrer logs, and how to
specify them in
robots.txt, the
robots meta tags, and the
X-Robots-Tag HTTP directives.
The following table shows the crawlers used by various products and services at Google:
The user agent token is used in the User-agent: line in robots.txt
to match a crawler type when writing crawl rules for your site. Some crawlers have more than
one token, as shown in the table; you need to match only one crawler token for a rule to
apply. This list is not complete, but covers most of the crawlers you might see on your
website.
The full user agent string is a full description of the crawler, and appears in
the request and your web logs.
Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0 Mobile/13B143 Safari/601.1 (compatible; AdsBot-Google-Mobile; +http://www.google.com/mobile/adsbot.html)
Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 5 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko; googleweblight) Chrome/38.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19
Google StoreBot
User agent token
Storebot-Google
Full user agent strings
Desktop agent:
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; Storebot-Google/1.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.88 Safari/537.36
Mobile agent:
Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0; Pixel 2 Build/OPD3.170816.012; Storebot-Google/1.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Mobile Safari/537.36
User agents in robots.txt
Where several user agents are recognized in the robots.txt file, Google will follow the most
specific. If you want all of Google to be able to crawl your pages, you don't need a
robots.txt file at all. If you want to block or allow all of Google's crawlers from accessing
some of your content, you can do this by specifying Googlebot as the user agent. For example,
if you want all your pages to appear in Google Search, and if you want AdSense ads to appear
on your pages, you don't need a robots.txt file. Similarly, if you want to block some pages
from Google altogether, blocking the Googlebot user agent will also block all
Google's other user agents.
But if you want more fine-grained control, you can get more specific. For example, you might
want all your pages to appear in Google Search, but you don't want images in your personal
directory to be crawled. In this case, use robots.txt to disallow the
Googlebot-Image user agent from crawling the files in your personal directory
(while allowing Googlebot to crawl all files), like this:
To take another example, say that you want ads on all your pages, but you don't want those
pages to appear in Google Search. Here, you'd block Googlebot, but allow the
Mediapartners-Google user agent, like this:
