Dalam Masalah Pemilihan Rute Kendaraan (VRP), sasarannya adalah menemukan rute optimal untuk beberapa kendaraan yang mengunjungi kumpulan lokasi. (Ketika hanya ada satu kendaraan, hal itu mengurangi permasalahan {i>Traveling Salesperson<i}.)
Namun, apa yang kami maksud dengan "rute optimal" untuk VRP? Salah satu jawabannya adalah rute dengan total jarak terendah. Namun, jika tidak ada batasan lain, solusi yang optimal adalah menetapkan hanya satu kendaraan untuk mengunjungi semua lokasi, dan menemukan rute terpendek untuk kendaraan tersebut. Ini pada dasarnya merupakan masalah yang sama dengan TSP.
Cara yang lebih baik untuk menentukan rute yang optimal adalah dengan meminimalkan panjang rute tunggal terpanjang di antara semua kendaraan. Ini adalah definisi yang tepat jika tujuannya adalah menyelesaikan semua pengiriman sesegera mungkin. Contoh VRP di bawah ini menemukan rute optimal yang ditentukan dengan cara ini.
Di bagian selanjutnya, kami akan menjelaskan cara lain untuk menggeneralisasi TSP dengan menambahkan batasan pada kendaraan, termasuk:
- Batasan kapasitas: kendaraan harus mengambil item di setiap lokasi yang dikunjungi, tetapi memiliki kapasitas angkut maksimum.
- Periode waktu: setiap lokasi harus dikunjungi dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
Contoh VRP
Bagian ini menampilkan contoh VRP yang tujuannya adalah meminimalkan rute tunggal terpanjang.
Bayangkan sebuah perusahaan yang perlu mengunjungi pelanggannya di sebuah kota yang terdiri dari blok-blok persegi panjang yang identik. Diagram kota ditampilkan di bawah ini, dengan lokasi perusahaan ditandai dengan warna hitam dan lokasi yang akan dikunjungi dengan warna biru.
Menyelesaikan contoh VRP dengan OR-Tools
Bagian berikut menjelaskan cara menyelesaikan contoh VRP dengan OR-Tools.
Membuat data
Fungsi berikut membuat data untuk masalah tersebut.
Python
def create_data_model():
"""Stores the data for the problem."""
data = {}
data["distance_matrix"] = [
# fmt: off
[0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468, 776, 662],
[548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674, 1016, 868, 1210],
[776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130, 788, 1552, 754],
[696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822, 1164, 560, 1358],
[582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708, 1050, 674, 1244],
[274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514, 1050, 708],
[502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514, 1278, 480],
[194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662, 742, 856],
[308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320, 1084, 514],
[194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274, 810, 468],
[536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730, 388, 1152, 354],
[502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308, 650, 274, 844],
[388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536, 388, 730],
[354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342, 422, 536],
[468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342, 0, 764, 194],
[776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388, 422, 764, 0, 798],
[662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536, 194, 798, 0],
# fmt: on
]
data["num_vehicles"] = 4
data["depot"] = 0
return data
C++
struct DataModel {
const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> distance_matrix{
{0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468,
776, 662},
{548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674,
1016, 868, 1210},
{776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130,
788, 1552, 754},
{696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822,
1164, 560, 1358},
{582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708,
1050, 674, 1244},
{274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514,
1050, 708},
{502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514,
1278, 480},
{194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662,
742, 856},
{308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320,
1084, 514},
{194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274,
810, 468},
{536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730,
388, 1152, 354},
{502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308,
650, 274, 844},
{388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536,
388, 730},
{354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342,
422, 536},
{468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342,
0, 764, 194},
{776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388,
422, 764, 0, 798},
{662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536,
194, 798, 0},
};
const int num_vehicles = 4;
const RoutingIndexManager::NodeIndex depot{0};
};
Java
static class DataModel {
public final long[][] distanceMatrix = {
{0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468, 776, 662},
{548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674, 1016, 868, 1210},
{776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130, 788, 1552, 754},
{696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822, 1164, 560, 1358},
{582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708, 1050, 674, 1244},
{274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514, 1050, 708},
{502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514, 1278, 480},
{194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662, 742, 856},
{308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320, 1084, 514},
{194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274, 810, 468},
{536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730, 388, 1152, 354},
{502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308, 650, 274, 844},
{388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536, 388, 730},
{354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342, 422, 536},
{468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342, 0, 764, 194},
{776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388, 422, 764, 0, 798},
{662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536, 194, 798, 0},
};
public final int vehicleNumber = 4;
public final int depot = 0;
}
C#
class DataModel
{
public long[,] DistanceMatrix = {
{ 0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468, 776, 662 },
{ 548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674, 1016, 868, 1210 },
{ 776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130, 788, 1552, 754 },
{ 696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822, 1164, 560, 1358 },
{ 582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708, 1050, 674, 1244 },
{ 274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514, 1050, 708 },
{ 502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514, 1278, 480 },
{ 194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662, 742, 856 },
{ 308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320, 1084, 514 },
{ 194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274, 810, 468 },
{ 536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730, 388, 1152, 354 },
{ 502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308, 650, 274, 844 },
{ 388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536, 388, 730 },
{ 354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342, 422, 536 },
{ 468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342, 0, 764, 194 },
{ 776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388, 422, 764, 0, 798 },
{ 662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536, 194, 798, 0 }
};
public int VehicleNumber = 4;
public int Depot = 0;
};
Data terdiri dari:
distance_matrix: Array jarak antarlokasi dalam meter.num_vehicles: Jumlah kendaraan dalam armada.depot: Indeks depot, lokasi tempat semua kendaraan memulai dan mengakhiri rute.
Koordinat lokasi
Untuk menyiapkan contoh dan menghitung matriks jarak, kami telah menetapkan koordinat x-y berikut ke lokasi yang ditunjukkan dalam diagram kota:
[(456, 320), # location 0 - the depot (228, 0), # location 1 (912, 0), # location 2 (0, 80), # location 3 (114, 80), # location 4 (570, 160), # location 5 (798, 160), # location 6 (342, 240), # location 7 (684, 240), # location 8 (570, 400), # location 9 (912, 400), # location 10 (114, 480), # location 11 (228, 480), # location 12 (342, 560), # location 13 (684, 560), # location 14 (0, 640), # location 15 (798, 640)] # location 16
Perhatikan bahwa koordinat lokasi tidak disertakan dalam data soal: yang Anda perlukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah hanyalah matriks jarak yang telah kita hitung sebelumnya. Anda hanya memerlukan data lokasi untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi dalam solusi, yang dilambangkan dengan indeksnya (0, 1, 2 ...) dalam daftar di atas.
Tujuan utama menampilkan koordinat lokasi dan diagram kota dalam contoh ini dan contoh lainnya adalah untuk memberikan tampilan visual masalah dan solusinya. Tetapi ini tidak penting untuk memecahkan VRP.
Untuk memudahkan dalam menyiapkan masalah, jarak antarlokasi dihitung menggunakan jarak Manhattan, yang mana jarak antara dua titik, (x1, y1) dan (x2, y2) didefinisikan sebagai |x1 - x2| + |y Anda dapat menggunakan metode apa pun yang paling sesuai dengan masalah Anda untuk menghitung jarak. Atau, Anda dapat memperoleh matriks jarak untuk sekumpulan lokasi di dunia menggunakan Google Distance Matrix API. Lihat Distance Matrix API untuk mengetahui contoh cara melakukannya.
Menentukan callback jarak
Seperti dalam contoh TSP, fungsi berikut membuat callback jarak, yang menampilkan jarak antarlokasi, dan meneruskannya ke pemecah. Model ini juga menetapkan biaya busur, yang menentukan biaya perjalanan, sebagai jarak busurnya.
Python
def distance_callback(from_index, to_index):
"""Returns the distance between the two nodes."""
# Convert from routing variable Index to distance matrix NodeIndex.
from_node = manager.IndexToNode(from_index)
to_node = manager.IndexToNode(to_index)
return data["distance_matrix"][from_node][to_node]
transit_callback_index = routing.RegisterTransitCallback(distance_callback)
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transit_callback_index)
C++
const int transit_callback_index = routing.RegisterTransitCallback(
[&data, &manager](const int64_t from_index,
const int64_t to_index) -> int64_t {
// Convert from routing variable Index to distance matrix NodeIndex.
const int from_node = manager.IndexToNode(from_index).value();
const int to_node = manager.IndexToNode(to_index).value();
return data.distance_matrix[from_node][to_node];
});
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transit_callback_index);
Java
final int transitCallbackIndex =
routing.registerTransitCallback((long fromIndex, long toIndex) -> {
// Convert from routing variable Index to user NodeIndex.
int fromNode = manager.indexToNode(fromIndex);
int toNode = manager.indexToNode(toIndex);
return data.distanceMatrix[fromNode][toNode];
});
routing.setArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transitCallbackIndex);
C#
int transitCallbackIndex = routing.RegisterTransitCallback((long fromIndex, long toIndex) =>
{
// Convert from routing variable Index to
// distance matrix NodeIndex.
var fromNode = manager.IndexToNode(fromIndex);
var toNode = manager.IndexToNode(toIndex);
return data.DistanceMatrix[fromNode, toNode];
});
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transitCallbackIndex);
Menambahkan dimensi jarak
Untuk mengatasi VRP ini, Anda perlu membuat dimensi jarak, yang menghitung jarak kumulatif yang ditempuh oleh setiap kendaraan di sepanjang rutenya. Anda kemudian dapat menetapkan biaya yang proporsional dengan jarak maksimum total sepanjang setiap rute. Program pemilihan rute menggunakan dimensi untuk melacak kuantitas yang terakumulasi di atas rute kendaraan. Lihat Dimensi untuk detail selengkapnya.
Kode berikut membuat dimensi jarak, menggunakan metode
AddDimension
pemecah masalah. Argumen transit_callback_index adalah indeks untuk distance_callback.
Python
dimension_name = "Distance"
routing.AddDimension(
transit_callback_index,
0, # no slack
3000, # vehicle maximum travel distance
True, # start cumul to zero
dimension_name,
)
distance_dimension = routing.GetDimensionOrDie(dimension_name)
distance_dimension.SetGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100)
C++
routing.AddDimension(transit_callback_index, 0, 3000,
true, // start cumul to zero
"Distance");
routing.GetMutableDimension("Distance")->SetGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100);
Java
routing.addDimension(transitCallbackIndex, 0, 3000,
true, // start cumul to zero
"Distance");
RoutingDimension distanceDimension = routing.getMutableDimension("Distance");
distanceDimension.setGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100);
C#
routing.AddDimension(transitCallbackIndex, 0, 3000,
true, // start cumul to zero
"Distance");
RoutingDimension distanceDimension = routing.GetMutableDimension("Distance");
distanceDimension.SetGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100);
Metode SetGlobalSpanCostCoefficient menetapkan koefisien besar (100) untuk
rentang global rute, yang dalam contoh ini merupakan jarak
maksimum rute. Hal ini menjadikan jangkauan global sebagai faktor utama dalam
fungsi objektif, sehingga program meminimalkan panjang rute terpanjang.
Tambahkan printer solusi
Fungsi yang mencetak solusi ditunjukkan di bawah ini.
Python
def print_solution(data, manager, routing, solution):
"""Prints solution on console."""
print(f"Objective: {solution.ObjectiveValue()}")
max_route_distance = 0
for vehicle_id in range(data["num_vehicles"]):
index = routing.Start(vehicle_id)
plan_output = f"Route for vehicle {vehicle_id}:\n"
route_distance = 0
while not routing.IsEnd(index):
plan_output += f" {manager.IndexToNode(index)} -> "
previous_index = index
index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index))
route_distance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(
previous_index, index, vehicle_id
)
plan_output += f"{manager.IndexToNode(index)}\n"
plan_output += f"Distance of the route: {route_distance}m\n"
print(plan_output)
max_route_distance = max(route_distance, max_route_distance)
print(f"Maximum of the route distances: {max_route_distance}m")
C++
void PrintSolution(const DataModel& data, const RoutingIndexManager& manager,
const RoutingModel& routing, const Assignment& solution) {
int64_t max_route_distance{0};
for (int vehicle_id = 0; vehicle_id < data.num_vehicles; ++vehicle_id) {
int64_t index = routing.Start(vehicle_id);
LOG(INFO) << "Route for Vehicle " << vehicle_id << ":";
int64_t route_distance{0};
std::stringstream route;
while (!routing.IsEnd(index)) {
route << manager.IndexToNode(index).value() << " -> ";
const int64_t previous_index = index;
index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index));
route_distance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(previous_index, index,
int64_t{vehicle_id});
}
LOG(INFO) << route.str() << manager.IndexToNode(index).value();
LOG(INFO) << "Distance of the route: " << route_distance << "m";
max_route_distance = std::max(route_distance, max_route_distance);
}
LOG(INFO) << "Maximum of the route distances: " << max_route_distance << "m";
LOG(INFO) << "";
LOG(INFO) << "Problem solved in " << routing.solver()->wall_time() << "ms";
}
Java
/// @brief Print the solution.
static void printSolution(
DataModel data, RoutingModel routing, RoutingIndexManager manager, Assignment solution) {
// Solution cost.
logger.info("Objective : " + solution.objectiveValue());
// Inspect solution.
long maxRouteDistance = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.vehicleNumber; ++i) {
long index = routing.start(i);
logger.info("Route for Vehicle " + i + ":");
long routeDistance = 0;
String route = "";
while (!routing.isEnd(index)) {
route += manager.indexToNode(index) + " -> ";
long previousIndex = index;
index = solution.value(routing.nextVar(index));
routeDistance += routing.getArcCostForVehicle(previousIndex, index, i);
}
logger.info(route + manager.indexToNode(index));
logger.info("Distance of the route: " + routeDistance + "m");
maxRouteDistance = Math.max(routeDistance, maxRouteDistance);
}
logger.info("Maximum of the route distances: " + maxRouteDistance + "m");
}
C#
/// <summary>
/// Print the solution.
/// </summary>
static void PrintSolution(in DataModel data, in RoutingModel routing, in RoutingIndexManager manager,
in Assignment solution)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Objective {solution.ObjectiveValue()}:");
// Inspect solution.
long maxRouteDistance = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.VehicleNumber; ++i)
{
Console.WriteLine("Route for Vehicle {0}:", i);
long routeDistance = 0;
var index = routing.Start(i);
while (routing.IsEnd(index) == false)
{
Console.Write("{0} -> ", manager.IndexToNode((int)index));
var previousIndex = index;
index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index));
routeDistance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(previousIndex, index, 0);
}
Console.WriteLine("{0}", manager.IndexToNode((int)index));
Console.WriteLine("Distance of the route: {0}m", routeDistance);
maxRouteDistance = Math.Max(routeDistance, maxRouteDistance);
}
Console.WriteLine("Maximum distance of the routes: {0}m", maxRouteDistance);
}
Fungsi ini menampilkan rute untuk kendaraan dan total jarak rute.
Atau, Anda dapat menyimpan rute terlebih dahulu ke daftar atau array, lalu mencetaknya.
Fungsi utama
Sebagian besar kode dalam fungsi utama untuk program VRP sama dengan contoh TSP sebelumnya. Lihat bagian TSP untuk deskripsi kode tersebut. Yang baru adalah dimensi jarak, yang dijelaskan di atas.
Menjalankan program
Program lengkap akan ditampilkan di bagian berikutnya. Saat Anda menjalankan program, program tersebut akan menampilkan output berikut:
Objective: 177500 Route for vehicle 0: 0 -> 9 -> 10 -> 2 -> 6 -> 5 -> 0 Distance of the route: 1712m Route for vehicle 1: 0 -> 16 -> 14 -> 8 -> 0 Distance of the route: 1484m Route for vehicle 2: 0 -> 7 -> 1 -> 4 -> 3 -> 0 Distance of the route: 1552m Route for vehicle 3: 0 -> 13 -> 15 -> 11 -> 12 -> 0 Distance of the route: 1552m Maximum of the route distances: 1712m
Lokasi dalam rute dilambangkan dengan indeksnya dalam
daftar lokasi. Semua rute dimulai dan berakhir di depot
(0).
Diagram di bawah menunjukkan rute yang ditetapkan, yang indeks lokasinya telah
dikonversi ke koordinat x-y yang sesuai.
Menyelesaikan program
Program lengkap yang meminimalkan rute tunggal terpanjang ditampilkan di bawah ini.
Python
"""Simple Vehicles Routing Problem (VRP).
This is a sample using the routing library python wrapper to solve a VRP
problem.
A description of the problem can be found here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_routing_problem.
Distances are in meters.
"""
from ortools.constraint_solver import routing_enums_pb2
from ortools.constraint_solver import pywrapcp
def create_data_model():
"""Stores the data for the problem."""
data = {}
data["distance_matrix"] = [
# fmt: off
[0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468, 776, 662],
[548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674, 1016, 868, 1210],
[776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130, 788, 1552, 754],
[696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822, 1164, 560, 1358],
[582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708, 1050, 674, 1244],
[274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514, 1050, 708],
[502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514, 1278, 480],
[194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662, 742, 856],
[308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320, 1084, 514],
[194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274, 810, 468],
[536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730, 388, 1152, 354],
[502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308, 650, 274, 844],
[388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536, 388, 730],
[354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342, 422, 536],
[468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342, 0, 764, 194],
[776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388, 422, 764, 0, 798],
[662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536, 194, 798, 0],
# fmt: on
]
data["num_vehicles"] = 4
data["depot"] = 0
return data
def print_solution(data, manager, routing, solution):
"""Prints solution on console."""
print(f"Objective: {solution.ObjectiveValue()}")
max_route_distance = 0
for vehicle_id in range(data["num_vehicles"]):
index = routing.Start(vehicle_id)
plan_output = f"Route for vehicle {vehicle_id}:\n"
route_distance = 0
while not routing.IsEnd(index):
plan_output += f" {manager.IndexToNode(index)} -> "
previous_index = index
index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index))
route_distance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(
previous_index, index, vehicle_id
)
plan_output += f"{manager.IndexToNode(index)}\n"
plan_output += f"Distance of the route: {route_distance}m\n"
print(plan_output)
max_route_distance = max(route_distance, max_route_distance)
print(f"Maximum of the route distances: {max_route_distance}m")
def main():
"""Entry point of the program."""
# Instantiate the data problem.
data = create_data_model()
# Create the routing index manager.
manager = pywrapcp.RoutingIndexManager(
len(data["distance_matrix"]), data["num_vehicles"], data["depot"]
)
# Create Routing Model.
routing = pywrapcp.RoutingModel(manager)
# Create and register a transit callback.
def distance_callback(from_index, to_index):
"""Returns the distance between the two nodes."""
# Convert from routing variable Index to distance matrix NodeIndex.
from_node = manager.IndexToNode(from_index)
to_node = manager.IndexToNode(to_index)
return data["distance_matrix"][from_node][to_node]
transit_callback_index = routing.RegisterTransitCallback(distance_callback)
# Define cost of each arc.
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transit_callback_index)
# Add Distance constraint.
dimension_name = "Distance"
routing.AddDimension(
transit_callback_index,
0, # no slack
3000, # vehicle maximum travel distance
True, # start cumul to zero
dimension_name,
)
distance_dimension = routing.GetDimensionOrDie(dimension_name)
distance_dimension.SetGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100)
# Setting first solution heuristic.
search_parameters = pywrapcp.DefaultRoutingSearchParameters()
search_parameters.first_solution_strategy = (
routing_enums_pb2.FirstSolutionStrategy.PATH_CHEAPEST_ARC
)
# Solve the problem.
solution = routing.SolveWithParameters(search_parameters)
# Print solution on console.
if solution:
print_solution(data, manager, routing, solution)
else:
print("No solution found !")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include "ortools/constraint_solver/routing.h"
#include "ortools/constraint_solver/routing_enums.pb.h"
#include "ortools/constraint_solver/routing_index_manager.h"
#include "ortools/constraint_solver/routing_parameters.h"
namespace operations_research {
struct DataModel {
const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> distance_matrix{
{0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468,
776, 662},
{548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674,
1016, 868, 1210},
{776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130,
788, 1552, 754},
{696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822,
1164, 560, 1358},
{582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708,
1050, 674, 1244},
{274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514,
1050, 708},
{502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514,
1278, 480},
{194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662,
742, 856},
{308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320,
1084, 514},
{194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274,
810, 468},
{536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730,
388, 1152, 354},
{502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308,
650, 274, 844},
{388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536,
388, 730},
{354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342,
422, 536},
{468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342,
0, 764, 194},
{776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388,
422, 764, 0, 798},
{662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536,
194, 798, 0},
};
const int num_vehicles = 4;
const RoutingIndexManager::NodeIndex depot{0};
};
//! @brief Print the solution.
//! @param[in] data Data of the problem.
//! @param[in] manager Index manager used.
//! @param[in] routing Routing solver used.
//! @param[in] solution Solution found by the solver.
void PrintSolution(const DataModel& data, const RoutingIndexManager& manager,
const RoutingModel& routing, const Assignment& solution) {
int64_t max_route_distance{0};
for (int vehicle_id = 0; vehicle_id < data.num_vehicles; ++vehicle_id) {
int64_t index = routing.Start(vehicle_id);
LOG(INFO) << "Route for Vehicle " << vehicle_id << ":";
int64_t route_distance{0};
std::stringstream route;
while (!routing.IsEnd(index)) {
route << manager.IndexToNode(index).value() << " -> ";
const int64_t previous_index = index;
index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index));
route_distance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(previous_index, index,
int64_t{vehicle_id});
}
LOG(INFO) << route.str() << manager.IndexToNode(index).value();
LOG(INFO) << "Distance of the route: " << route_distance << "m";
max_route_distance = std::max(route_distance, max_route_distance);
}
LOG(INFO) << "Maximum of the route distances: " << max_route_distance << "m";
LOG(INFO) << "";
LOG(INFO) << "Problem solved in " << routing.solver()->wall_time() << "ms";
}
void VrpGlobalSpan() {
// Instantiate the data problem.
DataModel data;
// Create Routing Index Manager
RoutingIndexManager manager(data.distance_matrix.size(), data.num_vehicles,
data.depot);
// Create Routing Model.
RoutingModel routing(manager);
// Create and register a transit callback.
const int transit_callback_index = routing.RegisterTransitCallback(
[&data, &manager](const int64_t from_index,
const int64_t to_index) -> int64_t {
// Convert from routing variable Index to distance matrix NodeIndex.
const int from_node = manager.IndexToNode(from_index).value();
const int to_node = manager.IndexToNode(to_index).value();
return data.distance_matrix[from_node][to_node];
});
// Define cost of each arc.
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transit_callback_index);
// Add Distance constraint.
routing.AddDimension(transit_callback_index, 0, 3000,
true, // start cumul to zero
"Distance");
routing.GetMutableDimension("Distance")->SetGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100);
// Setting first solution heuristic.
RoutingSearchParameters searchParameters = DefaultRoutingSearchParameters();
searchParameters.set_first_solution_strategy(
FirstSolutionStrategy::PATH_CHEAPEST_ARC);
// Solve the problem.
const Assignment* solution = routing.SolveWithParameters(searchParameters);
// Print solution on console.
if (solution != nullptr) {
PrintSolution(data, manager, routing, *solution);
} else {
LOG(INFO) << "No solution found.";
}
}
} // namespace operations_research
int main(int /*argc*/, char* /*argv*/[]) {
operations_research::VrpGlobalSpan();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Java
package com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.samples;
import com.google.ortools.Loader;
import com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.Assignment;
import com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.FirstSolutionStrategy;
import com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.RoutingDimension;
import com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.RoutingIndexManager;
import com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.RoutingModel;
import com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.RoutingSearchParameters;
import com.google.ortools.constraintsolver.main;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/** Minimal VRP.*/
public class VrpGlobalSpan {
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(VrpGlobalSpan.class.getName());
static class DataModel {
public final long[][] distanceMatrix = {
{0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468, 776, 662},
{548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674, 1016, 868, 1210},
{776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130, 788, 1552, 754},
{696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822, 1164, 560, 1358},
{582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708, 1050, 674, 1244},
{274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514, 1050, 708},
{502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514, 1278, 480},
{194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662, 742, 856},
{308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320, 1084, 514},
{194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274, 810, 468},
{536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730, 388, 1152, 354},
{502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308, 650, 274, 844},
{388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536, 388, 730},
{354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342, 422, 536},
{468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342, 0, 764, 194},
{776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388, 422, 764, 0, 798},
{662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536, 194, 798, 0},
};
public final int vehicleNumber = 4;
public final int depot = 0;
}
/// @brief Print the solution.
static void printSolution(
DataModel data, RoutingModel routing, RoutingIndexManager manager, Assignment solution) {
// Solution cost.
logger.info("Objective : " + solution.objectiveValue());
// Inspect solution.
long maxRouteDistance = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.vehicleNumber; ++i) {
long index = routing.start(i);
logger.info("Route for Vehicle " + i + ":");
long routeDistance = 0;
String route = "";
while (!routing.isEnd(index)) {
route += manager.indexToNode(index) + " -> ";
long previousIndex = index;
index = solution.value(routing.nextVar(index));
routeDistance += routing.getArcCostForVehicle(previousIndex, index, i);
}
logger.info(route + manager.indexToNode(index));
logger.info("Distance of the route: " + routeDistance + "m");
maxRouteDistance = Math.max(routeDistance, maxRouteDistance);
}
logger.info("Maximum of the route distances: " + maxRouteDistance + "m");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Loader.loadNativeLibraries();
// Instantiate the data problem.
final DataModel data = new DataModel();
// Create Routing Index Manager
RoutingIndexManager manager =
new RoutingIndexManager(data.distanceMatrix.length, data.vehicleNumber, data.depot);
// Create Routing Model.
RoutingModel routing = new RoutingModel(manager);
// Create and register a transit callback.
final int transitCallbackIndex =
routing.registerTransitCallback((long fromIndex, long toIndex) -> {
// Convert from routing variable Index to user NodeIndex.
int fromNode = manager.indexToNode(fromIndex);
int toNode = manager.indexToNode(toIndex);
return data.distanceMatrix[fromNode][toNode];
});
// Define cost of each arc.
routing.setArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transitCallbackIndex);
// Add Distance constraint.
routing.addDimension(transitCallbackIndex, 0, 3000,
true, // start cumul to zero
"Distance");
RoutingDimension distanceDimension = routing.getMutableDimension("Distance");
distanceDimension.setGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100);
// Setting first solution heuristic.
RoutingSearchParameters searchParameters =
main.defaultRoutingSearchParameters()
.toBuilder()
.setFirstSolutionStrategy(FirstSolutionStrategy.Value.PATH_CHEAPEST_ARC)
.build();
// Solve the problem.
Assignment solution = routing.solveWithParameters(searchParameters);
// Print solution on console.
printSolution(data, routing, manager, solution);
}
}
C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Google.OrTools.ConstraintSolver;
/// <summary>
/// Minimal TSP using distance matrix.
/// </summary>
public class VrpGlobalSpan
{
class DataModel
{
public long[,] DistanceMatrix = {
{ 0, 548, 776, 696, 582, 274, 502, 194, 308, 194, 536, 502, 388, 354, 468, 776, 662 },
{ 548, 0, 684, 308, 194, 502, 730, 354, 696, 742, 1084, 594, 480, 674, 1016, 868, 1210 },
{ 776, 684, 0, 992, 878, 502, 274, 810, 468, 742, 400, 1278, 1164, 1130, 788, 1552, 754 },
{ 696, 308, 992, 0, 114, 650, 878, 502, 844, 890, 1232, 514, 628, 822, 1164, 560, 1358 },
{ 582, 194, 878, 114, 0, 536, 764, 388, 730, 776, 1118, 400, 514, 708, 1050, 674, 1244 },
{ 274, 502, 502, 650, 536, 0, 228, 308, 194, 240, 582, 776, 662, 628, 514, 1050, 708 },
{ 502, 730, 274, 878, 764, 228, 0, 536, 194, 468, 354, 1004, 890, 856, 514, 1278, 480 },
{ 194, 354, 810, 502, 388, 308, 536, 0, 342, 388, 730, 468, 354, 320, 662, 742, 856 },
{ 308, 696, 468, 844, 730, 194, 194, 342, 0, 274, 388, 810, 696, 662, 320, 1084, 514 },
{ 194, 742, 742, 890, 776, 240, 468, 388, 274, 0, 342, 536, 422, 388, 274, 810, 468 },
{ 536, 1084, 400, 1232, 1118, 582, 354, 730, 388, 342, 0, 878, 764, 730, 388, 1152, 354 },
{ 502, 594, 1278, 514, 400, 776, 1004, 468, 810, 536, 878, 0, 114, 308, 650, 274, 844 },
{ 388, 480, 1164, 628, 514, 662, 890, 354, 696, 422, 764, 114, 0, 194, 536, 388, 730 },
{ 354, 674, 1130, 822, 708, 628, 856, 320, 662, 388, 730, 308, 194, 0, 342, 422, 536 },
{ 468, 1016, 788, 1164, 1050, 514, 514, 662, 320, 274, 388, 650, 536, 342, 0, 764, 194 },
{ 776, 868, 1552, 560, 674, 1050, 1278, 742, 1084, 810, 1152, 274, 388, 422, 764, 0, 798 },
{ 662, 1210, 754, 1358, 1244, 708, 480, 856, 514, 468, 354, 844, 730, 536, 194, 798, 0 }
};
public int VehicleNumber = 4;
public int Depot = 0;
};
/// <summary>
/// Print the solution.
/// </summary>
static void PrintSolution(in DataModel data, in RoutingModel routing, in RoutingIndexManager manager,
in Assignment solution)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Objective {solution.ObjectiveValue()}:");
// Inspect solution.
long maxRouteDistance = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.VehicleNumber; ++i)
{
Console.WriteLine("Route for Vehicle {0}:", i);
long routeDistance = 0;
var index = routing.Start(i);
while (routing.IsEnd(index) == false)
{
Console.Write("{0} -> ", manager.IndexToNode((int)index));
var previousIndex = index;
index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index));
routeDistance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(previousIndex, index, 0);
}
Console.WriteLine("{0}", manager.IndexToNode((int)index));
Console.WriteLine("Distance of the route: {0}m", routeDistance);
maxRouteDistance = Math.Max(routeDistance, maxRouteDistance);
}
Console.WriteLine("Maximum distance of the routes: {0}m", maxRouteDistance);
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
// Instantiate the data problem.
DataModel data = new DataModel();
// Create Routing Index Manager
RoutingIndexManager manager =
new RoutingIndexManager(data.DistanceMatrix.GetLength(0), data.VehicleNumber, data.Depot);
// Create Routing Model.
RoutingModel routing = new RoutingModel(manager);
// Create and register a transit callback.
int transitCallbackIndex = routing.RegisterTransitCallback((long fromIndex, long toIndex) =>
{
// Convert from routing variable Index to
// distance matrix NodeIndex.
var fromNode = manager.IndexToNode(fromIndex);
var toNode = manager.IndexToNode(toIndex);
return data.DistanceMatrix[fromNode, toNode];
});
// Define cost of each arc.
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transitCallbackIndex);
// Add Distance constraint.
routing.AddDimension(transitCallbackIndex, 0, 3000,
true, // start cumul to zero
"Distance");
RoutingDimension distanceDimension = routing.GetMutableDimension("Distance");
distanceDimension.SetGlobalSpanCostCoefficient(100);
// Setting first solution heuristic.
RoutingSearchParameters searchParameters =
operations_research_constraint_solver.DefaultRoutingSearchParameters();
searchParameters.FirstSolutionStrategy = FirstSolutionStrategy.Types.Value.PathCheapestArc;
// Solve the problem.
Assignment solution = routing.SolveWithParameters(searchParameters);
// Print solution on console.
PrintSolution(data, routing, manager, solution);
}
}
Menggunakan Google Distance Matrix API
Bagian ini menunjukkan cara menggunakan Google Distance Matrix API untuk membuat matriks jarak untuk sekumpulan lokasi yang ditentukan menurut alamat, atau berdasarkan lintang dan bujur. Anda dapat menggunakan API ini untuk menghitung matriks jarak untuk berbagai jenis masalah perutean.
Untuk menggunakan API, Anda memerlukan kunci API. Berikut cara mendapatkannya.
Contoh
Sebagai contoh, kita akan menelusuri program Python yang membuat matriks
jarak untuk sekumpulan lokasi yang terdiri dari 16 lokasi di kota Memphis, Tennessee.
Matriks jarak adalah matriks 16 x 16 yang entri i, j-nya adalah
jarak antara lokasi i dan j. Berikut adalah alamat untuk lokasinya.
data['addresses'] = ['3610+Hacks+Cross+Rd+Memphis+TN', # depot
'1921+Elvis+Presley+Blvd+Memphis+TN',
'149+Union+Avenue+Memphis+TN',
'1034+Audubon+Drive+Memphis+TN',
'1532+Madison+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'706+Union+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'3641+Central+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'926+E+McLemore+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'4339+Park+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'600+Goodwyn+St+Memphis+TN',
'2000+North+Pkwy+Memphis+TN',
'262+Danny+Thomas+Pl+Memphis+TN',
'125+N+Front+St+Memphis+TN',
'5959+Park+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'814+Scott+St+Memphis+TN',
'1005+Tillman+St+Memphis+TN'
]
Permintaan API
Permintaan Distance Matrix API adalah string panjang yang berisi hal berikut:
- Alamat API:
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?. Akhir permintaan,json, meminta respons dalam JSON. - Opsi permintaan. Dalam contoh ini,
units=imperialmenetapkan bahasa respons ke bahasa Inggris. - Alamat asal: Titik awal perjalanan. Misalnya
&origins=3610+Hacks+Cross+Rd+Memphis+TN.
Spasi di alamat diganti dengan karakter+. Beberapa alamat dipisahkan dengan|. - Alamat tujuan: Titik akhir perjalanan. Misalnya
&destinations=3734+Elvis+Presley+Blvd+Memphis+TN - Kunci API: Kredensial untuk permintaan, dalam format
&key=YOUR_API_KEY.
Berikut adalah seluruh permintaan untuk satu tempat asal dan satu tujuan yang ditampilkan di atas setelah "Alamat asal" dan "Alamat tujuan".
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?units=imperial&origins=3610+Hacks+Cross+Rd+Memphis+TN&destinations=3734+Elvis+Presley+Blvd+Memphis+TN&key=YOUR_API_KEY
Berikut adalah respons terhadap permintaan tersebut.
{
"destination_addresses" : [ "1921 Elvis Presley Blvd, Memphis, TN 38106, USA" ],
"origin_addresses" : [ "3610 Hacks Cross Rd, Memphis, TN 38125, USA" ],
"rows" : [
{
"elements" : [
{
"distance" : {
"text" : "15.2 mi",
"value" : 24392
},
"duration" : {
"text" : "21 mins",
"value" : 1264
},
"status" : "OK"
}
]
}
],
"status" : "OK"
}
Respons berisi jarak perjalanan (dalam mil dan meter), dan durasi perjalanan (dalam menit dan detik), antara kedua alamat.
Lihat dokumentasi Distance Matrix API untuk mengetahui detail tentang permintaan dan respons.
Hitung matriks jarak
Untuk menghitung matriks jarak, kami ingin mengirim satu permintaan yang berisi 16 alamat sebagai alamat asal dan tujuan.
Namun, kami tidak dapat melakukannya karena akan memerlukan pasangan asal-tujuan 16x16=256, sedangkan API dibatasi hingga 100 pasangan tersebut per permintaan. Jadi kita perlu membuat
beberapa permintaan.
Karena setiap baris matriks berisi 16 entri, kita dapat menghitung maksimal enam baris per permintaan (memerlukan pasangan 6x16=96). Kita dapat menghitung seluruh matriks dalam tiga permintaan, yang menampilkan 6 baris, 6 baris, dan 4 baris.
Kode berikut menghitung matriks jarak sebagai berikut:
- Bagi ke-16 alamat tersebut menjadi dua grup yang terdiri dari enam alamat dan satu grup yang berisi empat alamat.
- Untuk setiap grup, buat dan kirim permintaan untuk alamat asal dalam grup dan semua alamat tujuan. Lihat Membuat dan mengirim permintaan.
- Gunakan respons untuk membangun baris matriks yang sesuai, dan menggabungkan baris (yang hanya merupakan daftar Python). Lihat Membuat baris matriks jarak.
def create_distance_matrix(data):
addresses = data["addresses"]
API_key = data["API_key"]
# Distance Matrix API only accepts 100 elements per request, so get rows in multiple requests.
max_elements = 100
num_addresses = len(addresses) # 16 in this example.
# Maximum number of rows that can be computed per request (6 in this example).
max_rows = max_elements // num_addresses
# num_addresses = q * max_rows + r (q = 2 and r = 4 in this example).
q, r = divmod(num_addresses, max_rows)
dest_addresses = addresses
distance_matrix = []
# Send q requests, returning max_rows rows per request.
for i in range(q):
origin_addresses = addresses[i * max_rows: (i + 1) * max_rows]
response = send_request(origin_addresses, dest_addresses, API_key)
distance_matrix += build_distance_matrix(response)
# Get the remaining remaining r rows, if necessary.
if r > 0:
origin_addresses = addresses[q * max_rows: q * max_rows + r]
response = send_request(origin_addresses, dest_addresses, API_key)
distance_matrix += build_distance_matrix(response)
return distance_matrix
Membuat dan mengirim permintaan
Fungsi berikut membuat dan mengirimkan permintaan untuk kumpulan alamat asal dan tujuan tertentu.
def send_request(origin_addresses, dest_addresses, API_key):
""" Build and send request for the given origin and destination addresses."""
def build_address_str(addresses):
# Build a pipe-separated string of addresses
address_str = ''
for i in range(len(addresses) - 1):
address_str += addresses[i] + '|'
address_str += addresses[-1]
return address_str
request = 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?units=imperial'
origin_address_str = build_address_str(origin_addresses)
dest_address_str = build_address_str(dest_addresses)
request = request + '&origins=' + origin_address_str + '&destinations=' + \
dest_address_str + '&key=' + API_key
jsonResult = urllib.urlopen(request).read()
response = json.loads(jsonResult)
return response
build_address_string sub-fungsi menyambungkan alamat yang dipisahkan oleh karakter pipa, |.
Kode yang tersisa dalam fungsi menyusun bagian-bagian permintaan yang dijelaskan di atas, dan mengirimkan permintaan. Garis
response = json.loads(jsonResult)
mengonversi hasil mentah menjadi objek Python.
Membuat baris matriks
Fungsi berikut membuat baris matriks jarak, menggunakan respons
yang ditampilkan oleh fungsi send_request.
def build_distance_matrix(response):
distance_matrix = []
for row in response['rows']:
row_list = [row['elements'][j]['distance']['value'] for j in range(len(row['elements']))]
distance_matrix.append(row_list)
return distance_matrix
Garis
row_list = [row['elements'][j]['distance']['value'] for j in range(len(row['elements']))]
mengekstrak jarak antarlokasi untuk baris respons. Anda dapat membandingkannya dengan sebagian respons (dikonversi oleh json.loads) untuk satu tempat asal dan tujuan, yang ditampilkan di bawah.
{u'status': u'OK', u'rows':
[{u'elements': [{u'duration': {u'text': u'21 mins', u'value': 1264},
u'distance': {u'text': u'15.2 mi', u'value': 24392},
u'status': u'OK'}]}],
u'origin_addresses': [u'3610 Hacks Cross Rd, Memphis, TN 38125, USA'],
u'destination_addresses': [u'1921 Elvis Presley Blvd, Memphis, TN 38106, USA']}
Jika Anda ingin membuat matriks waktu yang berisi waktu perjalanan antarlokasi, ganti 'distance' dengan 'duration' pada fungsi build_distance_matrix.
Jalankan program
Kode berikut dalam fungsi utama menjalankan program
def main(): """Entry point of the program""" # Create the data. data = create_data() addresses = data['addresses'] API_key = data['API_key'] distance_matrix = create_distance_matrix(data) print(distance_matrix)
Saat Anda menjalankan program, program akan mencetak matriks jarak, seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.
[[0, 24392, 33384, 14963, 31992, 32054, 20866, 28427, 15278, 21439, 28765, 34618, 35177, 10612, 26762, 27278], [25244, 0, 8314, 10784, 6922, 6984, 10678, 3270, 10707, 7873, 11350, 9548, 10107, 19176, 12139, 13609], [34062, 8491, 0, 14086, 4086, 1363, 11008, 4239, 13802, 9627, 7179, 1744, 925, 27994, 9730, 10531], [15494, 13289, 13938, 0, 11065, 12608, 4046, 10970, 581, 5226, 10788, 15500, 16059, 5797, 9180, 9450], [33351, 7780, 4096, 11348, 0, 2765, 7364, 4464, 11064, 6736, 3619, 4927, 5485, 20823, 6170, 7076], [32731, 7160, 1363, 12755, 2755, 0, 9677, 3703, 12471, 8297, 7265, 2279, 2096, 26664, 9816, 9554], [19636, 10678, 11017, 4038, 7398, 9687, 0, 9159, 3754, 2809, 7099, 10740, 11253, 8970, 5491, 5928], [29097, 3270, 4257, 11458, 4350, 3711, 9159, 0, 11174, 6354, 10160, 5178, 5258, 23029, 10620, 12419], [15809, 10707, 13654, 581, 10781, 12324, 3763, 10687, 0, 4943, 10504, 15216, 15775, 5216, 8896, 9166], [21831, 7873, 9406, 5226, 6282, 8075, 2809, 6354, 4943, 0, 6967, 10968, 11526, 10159, 5119, 6383], [28822, 11931, 6831, 11802, 3305, 6043, 7167, 10627, 11518, 7159, 0, 5361, 6422, 18351, 3267, 4068], [35116, 9545, 1771, 15206, 4648, 2518, 10967, 5382, 14922, 10747, 5909, 0, 1342, 29094, 8460, 9260], [36058, 10487, 927, 16148, 5590, 2211, 11420, 9183, 15864, 11689, 6734, 1392, 0, 30036, 9285, 10086], [11388, 19845, 28838, 5797, 20972, 27507, 8979, 23880, 5216, 10159, 18622, 29331, 29890, 0, 16618, 17135], [27151, 11444, 9719, 10131, 6193, 8945, 5913, 10421, 9847, 5374, 3335, 8249, 9309, 16680, 0, 1264], [27191, 14469, 10310, 9394, 7093, 9772, 5879, 13164, 9110, 6422, 3933, 8840, 9901, 16720, 1288, 0]]
Matriks waktu perjalanan
Seperti yang disebutkan di atas, jika Anda ingin membuat matriks waktu tempuh antarlokasi (bukan jarak), cukup ganti 'distance' dengan 'duration' pada fungsi build_distance_matrix. Ketika Anda menjalankan program dengan perubahan tersebut, matriks waktu perjalanan berikut akan ditampilkan:
[[0, 1232, 1599, 964, 1488, 1441, 1291, 1323, 978, 1228, 1493, 1617, 1570, 765, 1272, 1359], [1333, 0, 653, 922, 542, 495, 864, 297, 917, 622, 783, 671, 624, 1059, 985, 904], [1669, 643, 0, 1291, 447, 161, 1021, 461, 1258, 862, 715, 419, 198, 1395, 855, 904], [1062, 862, 1262, 0, 946, 1104, 360, 926, 61, 482, 995, 1237, 1190, 589, 761, 839], [1626, 600, 475, 1008, 0, 317, 688, 505, 976, 630, 446, 475, 428, 1271, 587, 648], [1537, 511, 166, 1158, 314, 0, 889, 402, 1125, 730, 697, 430, 313, 1262, 837, 770], [1388, 891, 1022, 374, 668, 863, 0, 731, 341, 259, 731, 1110, 1091, 869, 496, 570], [1407, 303, 489, 934, 492, 410, 725, 0, 901, 482, 692, 580, 587, 1132, 845, 814], [1060, 914, 1215, 55, 899, 1057, 314, 880, 0, 435, 949, 1190, 1144, 528, 714, 792], [1314, 651, 855, 475, 605, 696, 260, 491, 443, 0, 700, 830, 783, 970, 489, 596], [1530, 801, 697, 990, 427, 625, 709, 721, 957, 663, 0, 542, 634, 1084, 338, 387], [1704, 678, 370, 1355, 508, 430, 1074, 598, 1322, 866, 564, 0, 297, 1405, 703, 752], [1612, 586, 215, 1201, 416, 359, 1070, 506, 1169, 773, 639, 313, 0, 1312, 778, 827], [861, 1074, 1441, 610, 1337, 1282, 869, 1164, 555, 990, 1157, 1433, 1386, 0, 936, 1022], [1375, 1045, 899, 795, 629, 825, 588, 901, 762, 549, 408, 744, 836, 929, 0, 107], [1428, 947, 957, 885, 692, 750, 599, 867, 852, 637, 362, 803, 894, 982, 111, 0]]
Menggunakan matriks jarak dalam program VRP
Untuk melihat cara menggunakan matriks jarak yang ditunjukkan di atas dalam program VRP, ganti matriks jarak pada contoh VRP sebelumnya dengan yang ada di atas. Selain itu, ubah nilai parameter maximum_distance dalam dimensi jarak menjadi 70000. Saat Anda menjalankan program yang telah dimodifikasi, output berikut akan ditampilkan.
Route for vehicle 0: 0 -> 1 -> 7 -> 5 -> 4 -> 8 -> 0 Distance of route: 61001m Route for vehicle 1: 0 -> 0 Distance of route: 0m Route for vehicle 2: 0 -> 3 -> 2 -> 12 -> 11 -> 6 -> 0 Distance of route: 61821m Route for vehicle 3: 0 -> 13 -> 9 -> 10 -> 14 -> 15 -> 0 Distance of route: 59460m Total distance of all routes: 182282m
Seluruh program
Seluruh program ditampilkan di bawah ini.
import requests
import json
import urllib
def create_data():
"""Creates the data."""
data = {}
data['API_key'] = 'YOUR_API_KEY'
data['addresses'] = ['3610+Hacks+Cross+Rd+Memphis+TN', # depot
'1921+Elvis+Presley+Blvd+Memphis+TN',
'149+Union+Avenue+Memphis+TN',
'1034+Audubon+Drive+Memphis+TN',
'1532+Madison+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'706+Union+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'3641+Central+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'926+E+McLemore+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'4339+Park+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'600+Goodwyn+St+Memphis+TN',
'2000+North+Pkwy+Memphis+TN',
'262+Danny+Thomas+Pl+Memphis+TN',
'125+N+Front+St+Memphis+TN',
'5959+Park+Ave+Memphis+TN',
'814+Scott+St+Memphis+TN',
'1005+Tillman+St+Memphis+TN'
]
return data
def create_distance_matrix(data):
addresses = data["addresses"]
API_key = data["API_key"]
# Distance Matrix API only accepts 100 elements per request, so get rows in multiple requests.
max_elements = 100
num_addresses = len(addresses) # 16 in this example.
# Maximum number of rows that can be computed per request (6 in this example).
max_rows = max_elements // num_addresses
# num_addresses = q * max_rows + r (q = 2 and r = 4 in this example).
q, r = divmod(num_addresses, max_rows)
dest_addresses = addresses
distance_matrix = []
# Send q requests, returning max_rows rows per request.
for i in range(q):
origin_addresses = addresses[i * max_rows: (i + 1) * max_rows]
response = send_request(origin_addresses, dest_addresses, API_key)
distance_matrix += build_distance_matrix(response)
# Get the remaining remaining r rows, if necessary.
if r > 0:
origin_addresses = addresses[q * max_rows: q * max_rows + r]
response = send_request(origin_addresses, dest_addresses, API_key)
distance_matrix += build_distance_matrix(response)
return distance_matrix
def send_request(origin_addresses, dest_addresses, API_key):
""" Build and send request for the given origin and destination addresses."""
def build_address_str(addresses):
# Build a pipe-separated string of addresses
address_str = ''
for i in range(len(addresses) - 1):
address_str += addresses[i] + '|'
address_str += addresses[-1]
return address_str
request = 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?units=imperial'
origin_address_str = build_address_str(origin_addresses)
dest_address_str = build_address_str(dest_addresses)
request = request + '&origins=' + origin_address_str + '&destinations=' + \
dest_address_str + '&key=' + API_key
jsonResult = urllib.urlopen(request).read()
response = json.loads(jsonResult)
return response
def build_distance_matrix(response):
distance_matrix = []
for row in response['rows']:
row_list = [row['elements'][j]['distance']['value'] for j in range(len(row['elements']))]
distance_matrix.append(row_list)
return distance_matrix
########
# Main #
########
def main():
"""Entry point of the program"""
# Create the data.
data = create_data()
addresses = data['addresses']
API_key = data['API_key']
distance_matrix = create_distance_matrix(data)
print(distance_matrix)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()