指定目標對象選項、指派的指定目標對象選項和委刊項服務都會一併使用,用於在 Display & Video 360 API 中設定委刊項指定目標。本頁說明如何尋找可用的指定目標選項、將指定目標選項指派給委刊項,以及對委刊項執行大量作業,以列出及編輯指派的指定目標選項。
查看可用的指定目標選項
指定目標選項會使用使用者指定的變數、現有的可指定實體或預先存在的選項,定義所需的目標對象。系統會根據指定類型,使用列舉值或指定選項 ID 來識別現有選項。系統會使用實體 ID 來識別可指定的實體。您可以使用 Display & Video 360 API 查看指定目標選項 ID 和實體 ID。
使用集合列舉值
下列指定類型的指定目標選項會使用特定列舉類型指派:
TargetingType |
列舉 |
---|---|
TARGETING_TYPE_AGE_RANGE |
AgeRange |
TARGETING_TYPE_CONTENT_INSTREAM_POSITION |
ContentInstreamPosition |
TARGETING_TYPE_CONTENT_OUTSTREAM_POSITION |
ContentOutstreamPosition |
TARGETING_TYPE_DEVICE_TYPE |
DeviceType |
TARGETING_TYPE_DIGITAL_CONTENT_LABEL_EXCLUSION |
ContentRatingTier |
TARGETING_TYPE_ENVIRONMENT |
Environment |
TARGETING_TYPE_EXCHANGE |
Exchange |
TARGETING_TYPE_GENDER |
Gender |
TARGETING_TYPE_HOUSEHOLD_INCOME |
HouseholdIncome |
TARGETING_TYPE_NATIVE_CONTENT_POSITION |
NativeContentPosition |
TARGETING_TYPE_OMID |
Omid |
TARGETING_TYPE_PARENTAL_STATUS |
ParentalStatus |
TARGETING_TYPE_SENSITIVE_CATEGORY_EXCLUSION |
SensitiveCategory |
TARGETING_TYPE_VIDEO_PLAYER_SIZE |
VideoPlayerSize |
TARGETING_TYPE_VIEWABILITY |
Viewability |
相關的列舉值字串版本可用於識別這些指定類型的現有 AssignedTargetingOption
資源,並可在 assignedTargetingOptionIdAlias
欄位中使用。擷取或刪除指派的指定目標選項時,您可以使用這個別名值取代 assignedTargetingOptionId
。
擷取指定目標選項 ID
使用現有選項的指定類型會使用對應的指定選項 ID 指派。
舉例來說,螢幕上的位置有限,只能使用指定目標類型 TARGETING_TYPE_ON_SCREEN_POSITION
指定目標。每個位置都有對應的指定目標選項 ID。
您可以透過指定目標選項服務擷取這些指定目標選項 ID。視指定類型而定,擷取作業會以下列任一方式完成:
- 個別擷取或完整清單:您可以使用
get
和list
方法,擷取大部分指定類型的選項。使用targetingTypes.targetingOptions.get
擷取指定目標類型和指定目標 ID 所標示的指定目標選項詳細資料。使用targetingTypes.targetingOptions.list
即可列出特定指定類型的所有可用指定選項。 - 搜尋:必須使用
search
方法擷取以位置為依據的指定類型 (TARGETING_TYPE_GEO_REGION
、TARGETING_TYPE_POI
和TARGETING_TYPE_BUSINESS_CHAIN
) 的選項。使用targetingTypes.targetingOptions.search
擷取與指定查詢字串相符的特定類型指定目標選項。
以下範例說明如何擷取指定類型 TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER
的可能指定目標選項清單:
Java
// Configure the list request. TargetingOptions.List request = service .targetingTypes() .targetingOptions() .list("TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER") .setAdvertiserId(advertiser-id); // Create the response and nextPageToken variables. ListTargetingOptionsResponse response; String nextPageToken = null; do { // Create and execute the list request. response = request.setPageToken(nextPageToken).execute(); // Check if the response is empty. if (response.isEmpty()) { System.out.print("List request returned no Targeting Options"); break; } // Iterate over retrieved targeting options. for (TargetingOption option : response.getTargetingOptions()) { System.out.printf( "Targeting Option ID: %s, Browser Display Name: '%s'\n", option.getTargetingOptionId(), option.getBrowserDetails().getDisplayName()); } // Update the next page token. nextPageToken = response.getNextPageToken(); } while (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(nextPageToken));
Python
# Create the page token variable. next_page_token = "" while True: # Request the targeting options list. response = service.targetingTypes() \ .targetingOptions().list( advertiserId=advertiser-id, targetingType="TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER", pageToken=next_page_token ).execute() # Check if response is empty. if not response: print("List request returned no Targeting Options") break # Iterate over retrieved targeting options. for option in response['targetingOptions']: print("Targeting Option ID: %s, Browser Display Name: %s" % (option['targetingOptionId'], option['browserDetails']['displayName'])) # Break out of loop if there is no next page. if 'nextPageToken' not in response: break # Update the next page token. next_page_token = response['nextPageToken']
PHP
// Create the page token variable. $nextPageToken = null; do { // Build the query parameters object for the request. $optParams = array( 'advertiserId' => advertiser-id, 'pageToken' => $nextPageToken ); // Call the API, getting the browser targeting options for the // identified advertiser. $response = $this ->service ->targetingTypes_targetingOptions ->listTargetingTypesTargetingOptions( 'TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER', $optParams ); // Print the resulting targeting options. if (!empty($response->getTargetingOptions())) { foreach ($response->getTargetingOptions() as $option) { printf( 'Targeting Option ID: %s, Browser Display Name: %s\n', $option['targetingOptionId'], $option['browserDetails']['displayName'] ); } } else { print('No targeting options returned\n'); } // Update the next page token. $nextPageToken = $response->getNextPageToken(); } while ( !empty($response->getTargetingOptions()) && $nextPageToken );
列出可指定的實體
如要使用現有的可指定實體指定委刊項,您需要該實體的 ID。可指定實體 (例如管道、合併目標對象和廣告空間來源群組) 可透過 Display & Video 360 API 中的專屬服務擷取。
每項服務都有自己的 get
和 list
方法。使用 get
方法,確認實體是否可在特定廣告主下使用。使用 list
方法,即可找出特定廣告主可用的資源類型實體,並將指定目標指派給該廣告主下的委刊項。
您也可以透過 API 管理部分可指定實體。這項操作會透過對應服務中的 create
和 patch
方法,以及實體中列出的個別值 (例如廣告空間來源、排除關鍵字和位置) 的服務來完成。
建構 POI 指定選項 ID
您可以使用 targetingTypes.targetingOptions.search
擷取 TARGETING_TYPE_POI
下方的具名搜尋點指定目標選項。此外,您也可以建立自訂的 TARGETING_TYPE_POI
指定選項 ID,以指定特定經緯度座標。
請按照下列步驟建立 POI 指定選項 ID:
- 擷取經緯度座標 (例如:"40.7414691, -74.003387")
- 將座標值四捨五入至小數點後六位 (例如:"40.741469, -74.003387")
- 從座標值中移除小數點 (例如:"40741469, -74003387")
- 將這兩個值串連成一個字串,並以半形分號分隔 (例如:"40741469;-74003387")
建立 TARGETING_TYPE_POI
指派的指定目標選項時,產生的字串可用做為 targetingOptionId
。
建立時,系統會更新已指派指定目標選項資源的 targetingOptionId
和 assignedTargetingOptionId
欄位,並附加分號和英數字元雜湊。
指派指定選項
指派給委刊項的指定目標會以已指派指定目標選項的形式呈現。您可以使用指定的指定目標選項服務管理這些實體。建立指派指定目標選項後,系統會將這些指定目標詳細資料套用至父項委刊項。刪除現有的指定目標選項,即可移除該指定目標。
使用 advertisers.lineItems.targetingTypes.assignedTargetingOptions.create
建立指派的指定目標選項。在指派的指定目標選項資源的 details
欄位中,指定與其指定的指定目標類型相對應的指定目標參數。
以下範例說明如何建立指定類型 TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER
的指定選項:
Java
// Create an AssignedTargetingOption object of the // browser targeting type. AssignedTargetingOption assignedTargetingOption = new AssignedTargetingOption() .setBrowserDetails( new BrowserAssignedTargetingOptionDetails() .setTargetingOptionId(targeting-option-id)); // Configure the create request. AssignedTargetingOptions.Create request = service .advertisers() .lineItems() .targetingTypes() .assignedTargetingOptions() .create( advertiser-id, line-item-id, "TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER", assignedTargetingOption); // Send the request. AssignedTargetingOption response = request.execute(); // Display the new assigned targeting option. System.out.printf("AssignedTargetingOption %s was created.", response.getName());
Python
# Create a assigned targeting option object. assigned_targeting_option_obj = { 'browserDetails': { 'targetingOptionId': targeting-option-id } } # Create the assigned targeting option. assigned_targeting_option = service.advertisers().lineItems()\ .targetingTypes().assignedTargetingOptions().create( advertiserId=advertiser-id, lineItemId=line-item-id, targetingType="TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER", body=assigned_targeting_option_obj ).execute() # Display the new assigned targeting option. print("Assigned Targeting Option %s was created." % assigned_targeting_option["name"])
PHP
// Create a assigned targeting option object. $assignedTargetingOption = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_AssignedTargetingOption(); // Create and set browser details. $details = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_BrowserAssignedTargetingOptionDetails(); $details->setTargetingOptionId(targeting-option-id); $assignedTargetingOption->setBrowserDetails($details); // Call the API, creating the browser assigned targeting option for the // given line item. $result = $this ->service ->advertisers_lineItems_targetingTypes_assignedTargetingOptions ->create( advertiser-id, line-item-id, 'TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER', $assignedTargetingOption ); printf( 'Assigned Targeting Option %s was created.\n', $result['name'] );
錯誤
指定目標設定錯誤
Display & Video 360 的指定目標功能有許多複雜的規則。這些限制會在 Display & Video 360 API 中強制執行,透過指定指定目標選項時傳回的錯誤。API 傳回的錯誤會指定違規情形。
錯誤多半是因為委刊項已指派現有指定目標。請使用 advertisers.lineItems.targetingTypes.assignedTargetingOptions.list
擷取已指派給委刊項的指定類型所需的所有指定選項,評估是否可在限制下達成所需的指定目標,然後使用 advertisers.lineItems.targetingTypes.assignedTargetingOptions.delete
移除任何不必要的指定目標,再嘗試建立所需的指定選項。
YouTube 與合作夥伴指定目標錯誤
您無法使用 Display & Video 360 API 更新專門針對 YouTube 與合作夥伴廣告活動指定的目標,嘗試這麼做會導致錯誤。
YouTube 與合作夥伴指定目標包含直接指派給 YouTube 與合作夥伴委刊項和廣告群組的所有指定目標,以及下列指定目標類型的任何指定目標:
TARGETING_TYPE_SESSION_POSITION
TARGETING_TYPE_YOUTUBE_CHANNEL
TARGETING_TYPE_YOUTUBE_VIDEO
並行處理錯誤
嘗試透過多個並行要求更新單一委刊項的設定或指定目標,會導致錯誤。
如果您需要同時為單一委刊項新增或移除多個指定的指定目標選項,請使用大量編輯要求。如果您想更新委刊項的設定和指定目標,請依序發出 advertisers.lineItems.patch
請求和相關指定目標請求,確保在第一個請求傳回回應前,不會傳送第二個請求。
大量和資源層級的指定目標作業
您可以使用大量和資源全域指定目標方法,管理各指定類型的指定目標選項:
- 使用批次指定方法,在多個資源下擷取或編輯多種指定類型的指定目標選項。您可以使用
advertisers.lineItems.bulkListAssignedTargetingOptions
擷取多個委刊項的完整指定目標設定,也可以使用advertisers.lineItems.bulkEditAssignedTargetingOptions
對多個委刊項的指定目標進行相同的更新。這些功能僅適用於advertisers.lineItems
服務。 - 使用資源層級指定方法,在單一資源下擷取或編輯多種指定類型的指定選項。這些服務可在
partners
和advertisers
服務中使用,名稱為listAssignedTargetingOptions
或editAssignedTargetingOptions
。
如果您想完整查看委刊項目前的指定目標、將預設指定目標設定套用至委刊項,或是需要同時變更委刊項的多個指定目標,建議您使用這些指定目標方法。
大量指定名單
advertisers.lineItems.bulkListAssignedTargetingOptions
提供一種方法,可查看在不同指定類型中,指派給一或多個委刊項的所有指定目標。其運作方式與任何其他 list
方法相似。您可以使用 filter
查詢參數,依 TargetingType
或 Inheritance
篩選結果。
以下範例說明如何列出委刊項的所有指定目標選項,這些選項會由上層夥伴或廣告主沿用:
Java
// Configure the bulk list request. LineItems.BulkListAssignedTargetingOptions request = service.advertisers().lineItems() .bulkListAssignedTargetingOptions(advertiser-id); // Set Line Items to retrieve targeting for. request.setLineItemIds(line-item-ids); // Set filter to only return inherited assigned targeting options. request.setFilter( "inheritance=\"INHERITED_FROM_ADVERTISER\" OR inheritance=\"INHERITED_FROM_PARTNER\""); // Create the response and nextPageToken variables. BulkListAssignedTargetingOptionsResponse response; String nextPageToken = null; do { // Set page token and execute the list request. response = request.setPageToken(nextPageToken).execute(); // Check if the response is empty. if (response.isEmpty()) { System.out.print("Bulk list request returned no Assigned Targeting Options"); break; } // Iterate over retrieved line item assigned targeting option wrapper objects. for (LineItemAssignedTargetingOption lineItemAssignedTargetingOption : response.getLineItemAssignedTargetingOptions()) { System.out.printf( "Assigned Targeting Option %s found\n", lineItemAssignedTargetingOption.getAssignedTargetingOption().getName()); } // Update the next page token. nextPageToken = response.getNextPageToken(); } while (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(nextPageToken));
Python
# Create the page token variable. next_page_token = "" while True: # Execute the list request. response = service.advertisers().lineItems() \ .bulkListAssignedTargetingOptions( advertiserId=advertiser-id, lineItemIds=line-item-ids, filter="inheritance=\"INHERITED_FROM_ADVERTISER\" OR " "inheritance=\"INHERITED_FROM_PARTNER\"", pageToken=next_page_token ).execute() # Check if response is empty. if not response: print("Bulk list request returned no Assigned Targeting Options") break # Iterate over retrieved assigned targeting options. for lineItemAssignedTargetingOption in response['lineItemAssignedTargetingOptions']: print("Assigned Targeting Option %s found" % (lineItemAssignedTargetingOption['assignedTargetingOption']['name'])) # Break out of loop if there is no next page. if 'nextPageToken' not in response: break # Update the next page token. next_page_token = response['nextPageToken']
PHP
// Create the page token variable. $nextPageToken = null; do { // Build the query parameters object for the request. $optParams = array( 'lineItemIds' => line-item-ids, 'filter' => "inheritance=\"INHERITED_FROM_ADVERTISER\" OR " . "inheritance=\"INHERITED_FROM_PARTNER\"", 'pageToken' => $nextPageToken ); // Call the API, getting all the assigned targeting options for the // identified line item. $response = $service ->advertisers_lineItems ->bulkListAssignedTargetingOptions( advertiser-id, $optParams ); // Print the returned assigned targeting options. if (!empty($response->getLineItemAssignedTargetingOptions())) { foreach ($response->getLineItemAssignedTargetingOptions() as $option) { printf('Assigned Targeting Option %s found\n', $option->getAssignedTargetingOption()['name']); } } else { print('No targeting options returned\n'); } // Update the next page token. $nextPageToken = $response->getNextPageToken(); } while ( !empty($response->getLineItemAssignedTargetingOptions()) && $nextPageToken);
大量編輯指定目標
advertisers.lineItems.bulkEditAssignedTargetingOptions
提供一種方法,可同時在一個或多個委刊項中新增及移除多個不同指定類型的指定選項。
這個方法會使用 DeleteAssignedTargetingOptionsRequests
清單和 CreateAssignedTargetingOptionsRequests
清單。單一要求物件可代表刪除或建立相同指定類型的多個指定選項。
如果嘗試刪除或建立指派的指定目標選項導致委刊項發生錯誤,系統就會放棄該委刊項的大量操作。這項要求會傳回已成功更新的委刊項清單,以及無法更新的委刊項清單和相關錯誤。
以下範例說明如何針對一或多個委刊項,針對要刪除的已指派指定目標選項和要建立的指定目標選項,大量編輯已指派指定目標選項:
Java
// Create a bulk edit request. BulkEditAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest requestContent = new BulkEditAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest(); // Set line item IDs in edit request. requestContent.setLineItemIds(line-item-ids); // Build delete request list. ArrayList<DeleteAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest> deleteRequests = new ArrayList<DeleteAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest>(); // Add browser assigned targeting option IDs to delete request list. deleteRequests.add(new DeleteAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest() .setTargetingType("TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER") .setAssignedTargetingOptionIds(delete-browser-assigned-targeting-ids)); // Add device make or model assigned targeting option IDs to delete request list. deleteRequests.add(new DeleteAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest() .setTargetingType("TARGETING_TYPE_DEVICE_MAKE_MODEL") .setAssignedTargetingOptionIds( delete-device-make-model-assigned-targeting-ids)); // Set delete requests in edit request. requestContent.setDeleteRequests(deleteRequests); // Build create request list. ArrayList<CreateAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest> createRequests = new ArrayList<CreateAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest>(); // Create browser assigned targeting option create request. CreateAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest createBrowserTargetingRequest = new CreateAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest(); createBrowserTargetingRequest.setTargetingType("TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER"); // Create and set list of browser assigned targeting options. ArrayList<AssignedTargetingOption> createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions = new ArrayList<AssignedTargetingOption>(); for (String targetingOptionId : create-browser-assigned-targeting-ids) { createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions.add(new AssignedTargetingOption() .setBrowserDetails( new BrowserAssignedTargetingOptionDetails() .setTargetingOptionId(targetingOptionId))); } createBrowserTargetingRequest .setAssignedTargetingOptions(createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions); // Add browser assigned targeting options to list of create requests. createRequests.add(createBrowserTargetingRequest); // Set create requests in edit request. requestContent.setCreateRequests(createRequests); // Configure the bulk edit request. LineItems.BulkEditAssignedTargetingOptions request = service.advertisers().lineItems() .bulkEditAssignedTargetingOptions( advertiser-id, requestContent); // Execute bulk edit request. BulkEditAssignedTargetingOptionsResponse response = request.execute(); // Check if any line items updated successfully. if (response.getUpdatedLineItemIds() == null || response.getUpdatedLineItemIds().isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No line items were updated successfully."); } else { System.out.printf( "Targeting configurations for the following line item IDs were updated: %s.\n", Arrays.toString(response.getUpdatedLineItemIds().toArray())); } // Check if any line items failed to update. if (response.getFailedLineItemIds() == null || response.getFailedLineItemIds().isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No line items failed to update."); } else { // Print the line items that failed to update. System.out.printf( "Targeting configurations for the following line item IDs failed to update: %s.\n", Arrays.toString(response.getFailedLineItemIds().toArray())); // Print errors thrown for failed updates. System.out.println("The failed updates were caused by the following errors:"); for (Status error : response.getErrors()) { System.out.printf("Error Code: %s, Message: %s\n", error.getCode(), error.getMessage()); } }
Python
# Build assigned targeting option objects to create. createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions = [] for targeting_id in create-browser-assigned-targeting-ids: createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions.append( {'browserDetails': {'targetingOptionId': targeting_id}} ) # Create a bulk edit request. bulk_edit_line_item_request = { 'lineItemIds': line-item-ids, 'deleteRequests': [ { 'targetingType': 'TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER', 'assignedTargetingOptionIds': delete-browser-assigned-targeting-ids }, { 'targetingType': 'TARGETING_TYPE_DEVICE_MAKE_MODEL', 'assignedTargetingOptionIds': delete-device-make-model-assigned-targeting-ids } ], 'createRequests': [ { 'targetingType': 'TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER', 'assignedTargetingOptions': createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions } ] } # Edit the line item targeting. response = service.advertisers().lineItems()\ .bulkEditAssignedTargetingOptions( advertiserId=advertiser-id, body=bulk_edit_line_item_request ).execute() # Print successfully updated line items. if 'updatedLineItemIds' not in response: print("No line items were updated successfully.") else: print("Targeting configurations for the following line item IDs were updated: %s" % response['updatedLineItemIds']) # Print line items that failed to update. if 'failedLineItemIds' not in response: print("No line items failed to update.") else: print("Targeting configurations for the following line item IDs failed to update: %s" % response['failedLineItemIds']) if 'errors' in response: print("The failed updates were caused by the following errors:") for error in response["errors"]: print("Error code: %s, Message: %s" % (error["code"], error["message"]))
PHP
// Create delete request list. $deleteRequests = array(); // Create and add browser assigned targeting option IDs to delete request list. $deleteBrowserTargetingRequest = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_DeleteAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest(); $deleteBrowserTargetingRequest->setTargetingType( "TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER" ); $deleteBrowserTargetingRequest->setAssignedTargetingOptionIds( delete-browser-assigned-targeting-ids ); $deleteRequests[] = $deleteBrowserTargetingRequest; // Create and add device assigned targeting option IDs to delete request list. $deleteDeviceTargetingRequest = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_DeleteAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest(); $deleteDeviceTargetingRequest->setTargetingType( "TARGETING_TYPE_DEVICE_MAKE_MODEL" ); $deleteDeviceTargetingRequest->setAssignedTargetingOptionIds( delete-device-make-model-assigned-targeting-ids ); $deleteRequests[] = $deleteDeviceTargetingRequest; // Create create request list. $createRequests = array(); // Create and populate list of browser assigned targetion options to create. $createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions = array(); foreach (create-browser-assigned-targeting-ids as $optionId) { $option = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_AssignedTargetingOption(); $details = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_BrowserAssignedTargetingOptionDetails(); $details->setTargetingOptionId($optionId); $option->setBrowserDetails($details); $createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions[] = $option; } // Create and add browser assigned targeting option create request to create // request list. $createBrowserTargetingRequest = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_CreateAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest(); $createBrowserTargetingRequest->setTargetingType( "TARGETING_TYPE_BROWSER" ); $createBrowserTargetingRequest->setAssignedTargetingOptions( $createBrowserAssignedTargetingOptions ); $createRequests[] = $createBrowserTargetingRequest; // Create a bulk edit request and assign create and delete request lists. $body = new Google_Service_DisplayVideo_BulkEditAssignedTargetingOptionsRequest(); $body->setLineItemIds(line-item-ids); $body->setCreateRequests($createRequests); $body->setDeleteRequests($deleteRequests); // Call the API, editing the assigned targeting options for the identified // line item. $response = $service ->advertisers_lineItems ->bulkEditAssignedTargetingOptions( advertiser-id, $body ); // Print successfully updated line items. if (!empty($response->getUpdatedLineItemIds())) { printf('Targeting configurations for the following line item IDs were updated:\n'); foreach ($response->getUpdatedLineItemIds() as $id) { printf('%s\n', $id); } } else { print('No line items were updated successfully.\n'); } // Print line items that failed to update. if (!empty($response->getFailedLineItemIds())) { print('Targeting configurations for the following line item IDs failed to update:\n'); foreach ($response->getFailedLineItemIds() as $id) { printf('%s\n', $id); } print('The failed updates were caused by the following errors:\n'); foreach ($response->getErrors() as $error) { printf('Error Code: %s, Message: %s\n', $error->getCode(), $error->getMessage()); } } else { print('No line items failed to update.\n'); }