Permintaan ke Google Mirror API harus diotorisasi menggunakan kredensial OAuth 2.0. Anda harus menggunakan alur sisi server saat aplikasi perlu mengakses Google API atas nama pengguna, seperti saat pengguna offline. Pendekatan ini memerlukan penerusan kode otorisasi satu kali dari klien Anda ke server yang digunakan untuk memperoleh akses dan token refresh untuk server Anda.
Membuat client ID dan rahasia klien
Pertama, Anda harus mengaktifkan Google Mirror API untuk aplikasi Anda. Anda dapat melakukannya untuk project API di Konsol API Google.
- Buat project API di Konsol API Google.
- Pilih tab Services di project API Anda, lalu aktifkan Google Mirror API.
- Pilih tab Akses API di project API Anda, lalu klik Buat client ID OAuth 2.0.
- Di bagian Branding Information, berikan nama untuk aplikasi Anda (misalnya, "My Glass service"), lalu klik Next. Menyediakan logo produk bersifat opsional.
- Di bagian Setelan Client ID, lakukan hal berikut:
- Pilih Web application untuk Jenis aplikasi.
- Klik link opsi lainnya di samping judul, Situs atau nama host Anda.
- Cantumkan nama host Anda di kolom URI Pengalihan yang Diberi Otorisasi dan Asal JavaScript.
- Klik Buat Client ID.
- Di halaman Akses API, cari bagian Client ID untuk aplikasi Web dan catat nilai Client ID dan Client Secret.
Menangani permintaan otorisasi
Saat pengguna memuat aplikasi Anda untuk pertama kalinya, mereka akan diberi dialog untuk memberikan izin bagi aplikasi Anda agar dapat mengakses akun Google Glass mereka dengan cakupan izin yang diminta. Setelah otorisasi awal ini, pengguna hanya diberi dialog izin jika client ID aplikasi Anda berubah atau cakupan yang diminta telah berubah.
Mengautentikasi pengguna
Login awal ini menampilkan objek hasil otorisasi yang berisi kode otorisasi jika berhasil.
Tukarkan kode otorisasi dengan token akses
Kode otorisasi adalah kode sekali pakai yang dapat ditukarkan dengan token akses server Anda. Token akses ini diteruskan ke Google Mirror API untuk memberi aplikasi Anda akses ke data pengguna dalam waktu terbatas.
Jika aplikasi Anda memerlukan akses offline, saat pertama kali aplikasi bertukar
kode otorisasi, aplikasi juga akan menerima token refresh yang digunakan untuk
menerima token akses baru setelah masa berlaku token sebelumnya berakhir. Aplikasi Anda menyimpan token refresh ini (umumnya dalam database di server Anda) untuk digunakan di lain waktu.
Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan pertukaran kode otorisasi untuk token akses dengan akses offline dan menyimpan token refresh.
Java
Ganti nilai CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION dengan lokasi file client_secrets.json Anda.
import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeRequestUrl;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleClientSecrets;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleTokenResponse;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.oauth2.Oauth2;
import com.google.api.services.oauth2.model.Userinfo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
// ...
class MyClass {
// Path to client_secrets.json which should contain a JSON document such as:
// {
// "web": {
// "client_id": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_ID]]",
// "client_secret": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET]]",
// "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
// "token_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token"
// }
// }
private static final String CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION = "client_secrets.json";
private static final String REDIRECT_URI = "<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>";
private static final List<String> SCOPES = Arrays.asList(
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline",
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile");
private static GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow = null;
/**
* Exception thrown when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
*/
public static class GetCredentialsException extends Exception {
protected String authorizationUrl;
/**
* Construct a GetCredentialsException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public GetCredentialsException(String authorizationUrl) {
this.authorizationUrl = authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* Set the authorization URL.
*/
public void setAuthorizationUrl(String authorizationUrl) {
this.authorizationUrl = authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* @return the authorizationUrl
*/
public String getAuthorizationUrl() {
return authorizationUrl;
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when a code exchange has failed.
*/
public static class CodeExchangeException extends GetCredentialsException {
/**
* Construct a CodeExchangeException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public CodeExchangeException(String authorizationUrl) {
super(authorizationUrl);
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when no refresh token has been found.
*/
public static class NoRefreshTokenException extends GetCredentialsException {
/**
* Construct a NoRefreshTokenException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public NoRefreshTokenException(String authorizationUrl) {
super(authorizationUrl);
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when no user ID could be retrieved.
*/
private static class NoUserIdException extends Exception {
}
/**
* Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
*
* @param userId User's ID.
* @return Stored Credential if found, {@code null} otherwise.
*/
static Credential getStoredCredentials(String userId) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database. Instantiate a new
// Credential instance with stored accessToken and refreshToken.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
*
* @param userId User's ID.
* @param credentials The OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.
*/
static void storeCredentials(String userId, Credential credentials) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database.
// Store the credentials.getAccessToken() and credentials.getRefreshToken()
// string values in your database.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Build an authorization flow and store it as a static class attribute.
*
* @return GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow instance.
* @throws IOException Unable to load client_secrets.json.
*/
static GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow getFlow() throws IOException {
if (flow == null) {
HttpTransport httpTransport = new NetHttpTransport();
JacksonFactory jsonFactory = new JacksonFactory();
GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets =
GoogleClientSecrets.load(jsonFactory,
MyClass.class.getResourceAsStream(CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION));
flow =
new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(httpTransport, jsonFactory, clientSecrets, SCOPES)
.setAccessType("offline").setApprovalPrompt("force").build();
}
return flow;
}
/**
* Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
*
* @param authorizationCode Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0
* credentials.
* @return OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @throws CodeExchangeException An error occurred.
*/
static Credential exchangeCode(String authorizationCode)
throws CodeExchangeException {
try {
GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow = getFlow();
GoogleTokenResponse response =
flow.newTokenRequest(authorizationCode).setRedirectUri(REDIRECT_URI).execute();
return flow.createAndStoreCredential(response, null);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("An error occurred: " + e);
throw new CodeExchangeException(null);
}
}
/**
* Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
*
* @param credentials OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.
* @return User's information.
* @throws NoUserIdException An error occurred.
*/
static Userinfo getUserInfo(Credential credentials)
throws NoUserIdException {
Oauth2 userInfoService =
new Oauth2.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(), new JacksonFactory(), credentials).build();
Userinfo userInfo = null;
try {
userInfo = userInfoService.userinfo().get().execute();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("An error occurred: " + e);
}
if (userInfo != null && userInfo.getId() != null) {
return userInfo;
} else {
throw new NoUserIdException();
}
}
/**
* Retrieve the authorization URL.
*
* @param userId User's Google ID.
* @param state State for the authorization URL.
* @return Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
* @throws IOException Unable to load client_secrets.json.
*/
public static String getAuthorizationUrl(String userId, String state) throws IOException {
GoogleAuthorizationCodeRequestUrl urlBuilder =
getFlow().newAuthorizationUrl().setRedirectUri(REDIRECT_URI).setState(state);
urlBuilder.set("user_id", userId);
return urlBuilder.build();
}
/**
* Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
*
* This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and
* queries the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID. If a
* refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
* in the application database using the user's Google ID as key. If no
* refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
* database for one and returns it if found or throws a NoRefreshTokenException
* with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*
* @param authorizationCode Authorization code to use to retrieve an access
* token.
* @param state State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
* @return OAuth 2.0 credentials instance containing an access and refresh
* token.
* @throws NoRefreshTokenException No refresh token could be retrieved from
* the available sources.
* @throws IOException Unable to load client_secrets.json.
*/
public static Credential getCredentials(String authorizationCode, String state)
throws CodeExchangeException, NoRefreshTokenException, IOException {
String userId = "";
try {
Credential credentials = exchangeCode(authorizationCode);
Userinfo userInfo = getUserInfo(credentials);
userId = userInfo.getId();
if (credentials.getRefreshToken() != null) {
storeCredentials(userId, credentials);
return credentials;
} else {
credentials = getStoredCredentials(userId);
if (credentials != null && credentials.getRefreshToken() != null) {
return credentials;
}
}
} catch (CodeExchangeException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
// session.
// If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
e.setAuthorizationUrl(getAuthorizationUrl(userId, state));
throw e;
} catch (NoUserIdException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// No refresh token has been retrieved.
String authorizationUrl = getAuthorizationUrl(userId, state);
throw new NoRefreshTokenException(authorizationUrl);
}
}
Python
Ganti nilai CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION dengan lokasi file client_secrets.json Anda.
import logging
from oauth2client.client import flow_from_clientsecrets
from oauth2client.client import FlowExchangeError
from apiclient.discovery import build
# ...
# Path to client_secrets.json which should contain a JSON document such as:
# {
# "web": {
# "client_id": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_ID]]",
# "client_secret": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET]]",
# "redirect_uris": [],
# "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
# "token_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token"
# }
# }
CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION = '<PATH/TO/CLIENT_SECRETS.JSON>'
REDIRECT_URI = '<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>'
SCOPES = [
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline',
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile',
# Add other requested scopes.
]
class GetCredentialsException(Exception):
"""Error raised when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
Attributes:
authorization_url: Authorization URL to redirect the user to in order to
request offline access.
"""
def __init__(self, authorization_url):
"""Construct a GetCredentialsException."""
self.authorization_url = authorization_url
class CodeExchangeException(GetCredentialsException):
"""Error raised when a code exchange has failed."""
class NoRefreshTokenException(GetCredentialsException):
"""Error raised when no refresh token has been found."""
class NoUserIdException(Exception):
"""Error raised when no user ID could be retrieved."""
def get_stored_credentials(user_id):
"""Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
Args:
user_id: User's ID.
Returns:
Stored oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials if found, None otherwise.
Raises:
NotImplemented: This function has not been implemented.
"""
# TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
# To instantiate an OAuth2Credentials instance from a Json
# representation, use the oauth2client.client.Credentials.new_from_json
# class method.
raise NotImplementedError()
def store_credentials(user_id, credentials):
"""Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
This function stores the provided OAuth 2.0 credentials using the user ID as
key.
Args:
user_id: User's ID.
credentials: OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.
Raises:
NotImplemented: This function has not been implemented.
"""
# TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
# To retrieve a Json representation of the credentials instance, call the
# credentials.to_json() method.
raise NotImplementedError()
def exchange_code(authorization_code):
"""Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
Args:
authorization_code: Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0
credentials.
Returns:
oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials instance.
Raises:
CodeExchangeException: an error occurred.
"""
flow = flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION, ' '.join(SCOPES))
flow.redirect_uri = REDIRECT_URI
try:
credentials = flow.step2_exchange(authorization_code)
return credentials
except FlowExchangeError, error:
logging.error('An error occurred: %s', error)
raise CodeExchangeException(None)
def get_user_info(credentials):
"""Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
Args:
credentials: oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials instance to authorize the
request.
Returns:
User information as a dict.
"""
user_info_service = build(
serviceName='oauth2', version='v2',
http=credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()))
user_info = None
try:
user_info = user_info_service.userinfo().get().execute()
except errors.HttpError, e:
logging.error('An error occurred: %s', e)
if user_info and user_info.get('id'):
return user_info
else:
raise NoUserIdException()
def get_authorization_url(user_id, state):
"""Retrieve the authorization URL.
Args:
user_id: User's Google ID.
state: State for the authorization URL.
Returns:
Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
"""
flow = flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION, ' '.join(SCOPES))
flow.params['access_type'] = 'offline'
flow.params['approval_prompt'] = 'force'
flow.params['user_id'] = user_id
flow.params['state'] = state
return flow.step1_get_authorize_url(REDIRECT_URI)
def get_credentials(authorization_code, state):
"""Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and queries
the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID.
If a refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
in the application database using the user's Google ID as key.
If no refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
database for one and returns it if found or raises a NoRefreshTokenException
with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
Args:
authorization_code: Authorization code to use to retrieve an access token.
state: State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
Returns:
oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials instance containing an access and
refresh token.
Raises:
CodeExchangeError: Could not exchange the authorization code.
NoRefreshTokenException: No refresh token could be retrieved from the
available sources.
"""
user_id = ''
try:
credentials = exchange_code(authorization_code)
user_info = get_user_info(credentials)
user_id = user_info.get('id')
if credentials.refresh_token is not None:
store_credentials(user_id, credentials)
return credentials
else:
credentials = get_stored_credentials(user_id)
if credentials and credentials.refresh_token is not None:
return credentials
except CodeExchangeException, error:
logging.error('An error occurred during code exchange.')
# Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
# session.
# If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
error.authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise error
except NoUserIdException:
logging.error('No user ID could be retrieved.')
# No refresh token has been retrieved.
authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise NoRefreshTokenException(authorization_url)
PHP
Fungsi getCredentials mengambil Kredensial OAuth 2.0
yang dimulai dari kode otorisasi yang diberikan.
Jika tidak ada token refresh yang dapat diambil, pengecualian akan dimunculkan
bersama dengan URL otorisasi untuk mengalihkan pengguna untuk
meminta akses offline.
<?php
require_once 'google-api-php-client/src/Google_Client.php';
require_once "google-api-php-client/src/contrib/Google_Oauth2Service.php";
session_start();
// ...
$CLIENT_ID = '<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>';
$CLIENT_SECRET = '<YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET>';
$REDIRECT_URI = '<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>';
$SCOPES = array(
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline',
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile');
/**
* Exception thrown when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
*/
class GetCredentialsException extends Exception {
protected $authorizationUrl;
/**
* Construct a GetCredentialsException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public function __construct($authorizationUrl) {
$this->authorizationUrl = $authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* @return the authorizationUrl.
*/
public function getAuthorizationUrl() {
return $this->authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* Set the authorization URL.
*/
public function setAuthorizationurl($authorizationUrl) {
$this->authorizationUrl = $authorizationUrl;
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when no refresh token has been found.
*/
class NoRefreshTokenException extends GetCredentialsException {}
/**
* Exception thrown when a code exchange has failed.
*/
class CodeExchangeException extends GetCredentialsException {}
/**
* Exception thrown when no user ID could be retrieved.
*/
class NoUserIdException extends Exception {}
/**
* Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
*
* @param String $userId User's ID.
* @return String Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
*/
function getStoredCredentials($userId) {
// TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
throw new RuntimeException('Not implemented!');
}
/**
* Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
*
* @param String $userId User's ID.
* @param String $credentials Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials to
store.
*/
function storeCredentials($userId, $credentials) {
// TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
throw new RuntimeException('Not implemented!');
}
/**
* Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
*
* @param String $authorizationCode Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0
* credentials.
* @return String Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @throws CodeExchangeException An error occurred.
*/
function exchangeCode($authorizationCode) {
try {
global $CLIENT_ID, $CLIENT_SECRET, $REDIRECT_URI;
$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setClientId($CLIENT_ID);
$client->setClientSecret($CLIENT_SECRET);
$client->setRedirectUri($REDIRECT_URI);
$_GET['code'] = $authorizationCode;
return $client->authenticate();
} catch (Google_AuthException $e) {
print 'An error occurred: ' . $e->getMessage();
throw new CodeExchangeException(null);
}
}
/**
* Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
*
* @param String credentials OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.
* @return Userinfo User's information.
* @throws NoUserIdException An error occurred.
*/
function getUserInfo($credentials) {
$apiClient = new Google_Client();
$apiClient->setUseObjects(true);
$apiClient->setAccessToken($credentials);
$userInfoService = new Google_Oauth2Service($apiClient);
$userInfo = null;
try {
$userInfo = $userInfoService->userinfo->get();
} catch (Google_Exception $e) {
print 'An error occurred: ' . $e->getMessage();
}
if ($userInfo != null && $userInfo->getId() != null) {
return $userInfo;
} else {
throw new NoUserIdException();
}
}
/**
* Retrieve the authorization URL.
*
* @param String $userId User's Google ID.
* @param String $state State for the authorization URL.
* @return String Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
function getAuthorizationUrl($userId, $state) {
global $CLIENT_ID, $REDIRECT_URI, $SCOPES;
$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setClientId($CLIENT_ID);
$client->setRedirectUri($REDIRECT_URI);
$client->setAccessType('offline');
$client->setApprovalPrompt('force');
$client->setState($state);
$client->setScopes($SCOPES);
$tmpUrl = parse_url($client->createAuthUrl());
$query = explode('&', $tmpUrl['query']);
$query[] = 'user_id=' . urlencode($userId);
return
$tmpUrl['scheme'] . '://' . $tmpUrl['host'] . $tmpUrl['port'] .
$tmpUrl['path'] . '?' . implode('&', $query);
}
/**
* Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
*
* This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and
* queries the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID. If a
* refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
* in the application database using the user's Google ID as key. If no
* refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
* database for one and returns it if found or throws a NoRefreshTokenException
* with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*
* @param String authorizationCode Authorization code to use to retrieve an access
* token.
* @param String state State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
* @return String Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @throws NoRefreshTokenException No refresh token could be retrieved from
* the available sources.
*/
function getCredentials($authorizationCode, $state) {
$userId = '';
try {
$credentials = exchangeCode($authorizationCode);
$userInfo = getUserInfo($credentials);
$userId = $userInfo->getId();
$credentialsArray = json_decode($credentials, true);
if (isset($credentialsArray['refresh_token'])) {
storeCredentials($userId, $credentials);
return $credentials;
} else {
$credentials = getStoredCredentials($userId);
$credentialsArray = json_decode($credentials, true);
if ($credentials != null &&
isset($credentialsArray['refresh_token'])) {
return $credentials;
}
}
} catch (CodeExchangeException $e) {
print 'An error occurred during code exchange.';
// Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
// session.
// If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
$e->setAuthorizationUrl(getAuthorizationUrl($userId, $state));
throw $e;
} catch (NoUserIdException $e) {
print 'No user ID could be retrieved.';
}
// No refresh token has been retrieved.
$authorizationUrl = getAuthorizationUrl($userId, $state);
throw new NoRefreshTokenException($authorizationUrl);
}
?>
.NET
Fungsi GetCredentials mengambil Kredensial OAuth 2.0
yang dimulai dari kode otorisasi yang diberikan.
Jika tidak ada token refresh yang dapat diambil, pengecualian akan dimunculkan
bersama dengan URL otorisasi untuk mengalihkan pengguna untuk
meminta akses offline.
using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth2;
using Google;
using Google.Apis.Authentication;
using Google.Apis.Authentication.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Authentication.OAuth2.DotNetOpenAuth;
using Google.Apis.Oauth2.v2;
using Google.Apis.Oauth2.v2.Data;
using Google.Apis.Services;
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Web;
// ...
class MyClass {
static String CLIENT_ID = "<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>";
static String CLIENT_SECRET = "<YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET>";
static String REDIRECT_URI = "<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>";
static String[] SCOPES = new String[] {
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline",
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile"
};
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
/// </summary>
public class GetCredentialsException : Exception {
public String AuthorizationUrl { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Construct a GetCredentialsException.
/// </summary>
/// @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
public GetCredentialsException(String authorizationUrl) {
this.AuthorizationUrl = authorizationUrl;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when no refresh token has been found.
/// </summary>
public class NoRefreshTokenException : GetCredentialsException {
/// <summary>
/// Construct a NoRefreshTokenException.
/// </summary>
/// @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
public NoRefreshTokenException(String authorizationUrl) : base(authorizationUrl) {
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when a code exchange has failed.
/// </summary>
private class CodeExchangeException : GetCredentialsException {
/// <summary>
/// Construct a CodeExchangeException.
/// </summary>
/// @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
public CodeExchangeException(String authorizationUrl) : base(authorizationUrl) {
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when no user ID could be retrieved.
/// </summary>
private class NoUserIdException : Exception {
}
/// <summary>
/// Extends the NativeApplicationClient class to allow setting of a custom IAuthorizationState.
/// </summary>
public class StoredStateClient : NativeApplicationClient {
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="StoredStateClient"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="authorizationServer">The token issuer.</param>
/// <param name="clientIdentifier">The client identifier.</param>
/// <param name="clientSecret">The client secret.</param>
public StoredStateClient(AuthorizationServerDescription authorizationServer,
String clientIdentifier,
String clientSecret,
IAuthorizationState state)
: base(authorizationServer, clientIdentifier, clientSecret) {
this.State = state;
}
public IAuthorizationState State { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Returns the IAuthorizationState stored in the StoredStateClient instance.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="provider">OAuth2 client.</param>
/// <returns>The stored authorization state.</returns>
static public IAuthorizationState GetState(StoredStateClient provider) {
return provider.State;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve an IAuthenticator instance using the provided state.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="credentials">OAuth 2.0 credentials to use.</param>
/// <returns>Authenticator using the provided OAuth 2.0 credentials</returns>
public static IAuthenticator GetAuthenticatorFromState(IAuthorizationState credentials) {
var provider = new StoredStateClient(GoogleAuthenticationServer.Description, CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET, credentials);
var auth = new OAuth2Authenticator<StoredStateClient>(provider, StoredStateClient.GetState);
auth.LoadAccessToken();
return auth;
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId">User's ID.</param>
/// <returns>Stored GoogleAccessProtectedResource if found, null otherwise.</returns>
static IAuthorizationState GetStoredCredentials(String userId) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database.
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
/// <summary>
/// Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId">User's ID.</param>
/// <param name="credentials">The OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.</param>
static void StoreCredentials(String userId, IAuthorizationState credentials) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database.
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
/// <summary>
/// Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="authorizationCode">Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0 credentials.</param>
/// <returns>OAuth 2.0 credentials.</returns>
/// <exception cref="CodeExchangeException">An error occurred.</exception>
static IAuthorizationState ExchangeCode(String authorizationCode) {
var provider = new NativeApplicationClient(GoogleAuthenticationServer.Description, CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET);
IAuthorizationState state = new AuthorizationState();
state.Callback = new Uri(REDIRECT_URI);
try {
state = provider.ProcessUserAuthorization(authorizationCode, state);
return state;
} catch (ProtocolException) {
throw new CodeExchangeException(null);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="credentials">OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.</param>
/// <returns>User's information.</returns>
/// <exception cref="NoUserIdException">An error occurred.</exception>
static Userinfo GetUserInfo(IAuthorizationState credentials) {
Oauth2Service userInfoService = new Oauth2Service(new BaseClientService.Initializer()
{
Authenticator = GetAuthenticatorFromState(credentials)
});
Userinfo userInfo = null;
try {
userInfo = userInfoService.Userinfo.Get().Fetch();
} catch (GoogleApiRequestException e) {
Console.WriteLine("An error occurred: " + e.Message);
}
if (userInfo != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(userInfo.Id)) {
return userInfo;
} else {
throw new NoUserIdException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve the authorization URL.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId">User's Google ID.</param>
/// <param name="state">State for the authorization URL.</param>
/// <returns>Authorization URL to redirect the user to.</returns>
public static String GetAuthorizationUrl(String userId, String state) {
var provider = new NativeApplicationClient(GoogleAuthenticationServer.Description);
provider.ClientIdentifier = CLIENT_ID;
IAuthorizationState authorizationState = new AuthorizationState(SCOPES);
authorizationState.Callback = new Uri(REDIRECT_URI);
UriBuilder builder = new UriBuilder(provider.RequestUserAuthorization(authorizationState));
NameValueCollection queryParameters = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(builder.Query);
queryParameters.Set("access_type", "offline");
queryParameters.Set("approval_prompt", "force");
queryParameters.Set("user_id", userId);
queryParameters.Set("state", state);
builder.Query = queryParameters.ToString();
return builder.Uri.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
///
/// This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and
/// queries the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID. If a
/// refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
/// in the application database using the user's Google ID as key. If no
/// refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
/// database for one and returns it if found or throws a NoRefreshTokenException
/// with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="authorizationCode">Authorization code to use to retrieve an access token.</param>
/// <param name="state">State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.</param>
/// <returns>OAuth 2.0 credentials instance containing an access and refresh token.</returns>
/// <exception cref="CodeExchangeException">
/// An error occurred while exchanging the authorization code.
/// </exception>
/// <exception cref="NoRefreshTokenException">
/// No refresh token could be retrieved from the available sources.
/// </exception>
public static IAuthenticator GetCredentials(String authorizationCode, String state) {
String userId = "";
try {
IAuthorizationState credentials = ExchangeCode(authorizationCode);
Userinfo userInfo = GetUserInfo(credentials);
userId = userInfo.Id;
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(credentials.RefreshToken)) {
StoreCredentials(userId, credentials);
return GetAuthenticatorFromState(credentials);
} else {
credentials = GetStoredCredentials(userId);
if (credentials != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(credentials.RefreshToken)) {
return GetAuthenticatorFromState(credentials);
}
}
} catch (CodeExchangeException e) {
Console.WriteLine("An error occurred during code exchange.");
// Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
// session.
// If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
e.AuthorizationUrl = GetAuthorizationUrl(userId, state);
throw e;
} catch (NoUserIdException) {
Console.WriteLine("No user ID could be retrieved.");
}
// No refresh token has been retrieved.
String authorizationUrl = GetAuthorizationUrl(userId, state);
throw new NoRefreshTokenException(authorizationUrl);
}
}
Ruby
Fungsi get_credentials mengambil Kredensial OAuth 2.0
yang dimulai dari kode otorisasi yang diberikan.
Jika tidak ada token refresh yang dapat diambil, pengecualian akan dimunculkan
bersama dengan URL otorisasi untuk mengalihkan pengguna untuk
meminta akses offline.
require 'google/api_client'
CLIENT_ID = '<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>'
CLIENT_SECRET = '<YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET>'
REDIRECT_URI = '<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>'
SCOPES = [
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline',
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile',
# Add other requested scopes.
]
##
# Error raised when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
class GetCredentialsError < StandardError
##
# Initialize a NoRefreshTokenError instance.
#
# @param [String] authorize_url
# Authorization URL to redirect the user to in order to in order to request
# offline access.
def initialize(authorization_url)
@authorization_url = authorization_url
end
def authorization_url=(authorization_url)
@authorization_url = authorization_url
end
def authorization_url
return @authorization_url
end
end
##
# Error raised when a code exchange has failed.
class CodeExchangeError < GetCredentialsError
end
##
# Error raised when no refresh token has been found.
class NoRefreshTokenError < GetCredentialsError
end
##
# Error raised when no user ID could be retrieved.
class NoUserIdError < StandardError
end
##
# Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
#
# @param [String] user_id
# User's ID.
# @return [Signet::OAuth2::Client]
# Stored OAuth 2.0 credentials if found, nil otherwise.
def get_stored_credentials(user_id)
raise NotImplementedError, 'get_stored_credentials is not implemented.'
end
##
# Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
#
# @param [String] user_id
# User's ID.
# @param [Signet::OAuth2::Client] credentials
# OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.
def store_credentials(user_id, credentials)
raise NotImplementedError, 'store_credentials is not implemented.'
end
##
# Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
#
# @param [String] auth_code
# Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
# @return [Signet::OAuth2::Client]
# OAuth 2.0 credentials.
def exchange_code(authorization_code)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization.client_id = CLIENT_ID
client.authorization.client_secret = CLIENT_SECRET
client.authorization.code = authorization_code
client.authorization.redirect_uri = REDIRECT_URI
begin
client.authorization.fetch_access_token!
return client.authorization
rescue Signet::AuthorizationError
raise CodeExchangeError.new(nil)
end
end
##
# Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
#
# @param [Signet::OAuth2::Client] credentials
# OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.
# @return [Google::APIClient::Schema::Oauth2::V2::Userinfo]
# User's information.
def get_user_info(credentials)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization = credentials
oauth2 = client.discovered_api('oauth2', 'v2')
result = client.execute!(:api_method => oauth2.userinfo.get)
user_info = nil
if result.status == 200
user_info = result.data
else
puts "An error occurred: #{result.data['error']['message']}"
end
if user_info != nil && user_info.id != nil
return user_info
end
raise NoUserIdError, "Unable to retrieve the user's Google ID."
end
##
# Retrieve authorization URL.
#
# @param [String] user_id
# User's Google ID.
# @param [String] state
# State for the authorization URL.
# @return [String]
# Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
def get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization.client_id = CLIENT_ID
client.authorization.redirect_uri = REDIRECT_URI
client.authorization.scope = SCOPES
return client.authorization.authorization_uri(
:options => {
:approval_prompt => :force,
:access_type => :offline,
:user_id => user_id,
:state => state
}).to_s
end
##
# Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
#
# This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and queries
# the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID.
# If a refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
# in the application database using the user's Google ID as key.
# If no refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
# database for one and returns it if found or raises a NoRefreshTokenError
# with an authorization URL to redirect the user to.
#
# @param [String] auth_code
# Authorization code to use to retrieve an access token.
# @param [String] state
# State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
# @return [Signet::OAuth2::Client]
# OAuth 2.0 credentials containing an access and refresh token.
def get_credentials(authorization_code, state)
user_id = ''
begin
credentials = exchange_code(authorization_code)
user_info = get_user_info(credentials)
user_id = user_info.id
if credentials.refresh_token != nil
store_credentials(user_id, credentials)
return credentials
else
credentials = get_stored_credentials(user_id)
if credentials != nil && credentials.refresh_token != nil
return credentials
end
end
rescue CodeExchangeError => error
print 'An error occurred during code exchange.'
# Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
# session.
# If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
error.authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise error
rescue NoUserIdError
print 'No user ID could be retrieved.'
end
authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise NoRefreshTokenError.new(authorization_url)
end
Mengizinkan dengan kredensial yang disimpan
Saat pengguna mengunjungi aplikasi Anda setelah alur otorisasi pertama kali berhasil, aplikasi Anda dapat menggunakan token refresh yang disimpan untuk mengizinkan permintaan tanpa meminta pengguna akhir.
Jika telah mengautentikasi pengguna, aplikasi Anda dapat mengambil token refresh dari database-nya dan menyimpan token tersebut dalam sesi sisi server. Jika token refresh dicabut atau tidak valid, Anda harus menangkapnya dan mengambil tindakan yang sesuai.
Menggunakan Kredensial OAuth 2.0
Setelah kredensial OAuth 2.0 diambil, seperti yang ditunjukkan di bagian sebelumnya, kredensial ini dapat digunakan untuk memberikan otorisasi pada objek layanan Google Mirror API dan mengirim permintaan ke API.
Cuplikan kode berikut menunjukkan cara membuat instance dan mengizinkan
objek layanan Google Mirror API, serta mengirim permintaan ke Google Mirror API untuk
mengambil metadata timeline item.
Membuat instance objek layanan
Contoh kode ini menunjukkan cara membuat instance objek layanan lalu memberinya otorisasi untuk membuat permintaan API.
Java
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredential;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.mirror.Mirror;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/**
* Build a Mirror service object.
*
* @param credentials OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @return Mirror service object.
*/
static Mirror buildService(GoogleCredential credentials) {
HttpTransport httpTransport = new NetHttpTransport();
JacksonFactory jsonFactory = new JacksonFactory();
return new Mirror.Builder(httpTransport, jsonFactory, credentials)
.build();
}
// ...
}
Python
from apiclient.discovery import build
# ...
def build_service(credentials):
"""Build a Mirror service object.
Args:
credentials: OAuth 2.0 credentials.
Returns:
Mirror service object.
"""
http = httplib2.Http()
http = credentials.authorize(http)
return build('mirror', 'v1', http=http)
PHP
<?php
session_start();
require_once "google-api-php-client/src/Google_Client.php";
require_once "google-api-php-client/src/contrib/Google_MirrorService.php";
// ...
/**
* Build a Mirror service object.
*
* @param String credentials Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @return Google_MirrorService service object.
*/
function buildService($credentials) {
$apiClient = new Google_Client();
$apiClient->setUseObjects(true);
$apiClient->setAccessToken($credentials);
return new Google_MirrorService($apiClient);
}
// ...
?>
.NET
using Google.Apis.Authentication;
using Google.Apis.Mirror.v1;
using Google.Apis.Services;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/// <summary>
/// Build a Mirror service object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="credentials">OAuth 2.0 credentials.</param>
/// <returns>Mirror service object.</returns>
static MirrorService BuildService(IAuthenticator credentials) {
return new MirrorService(new BaseClientService.Initializer()
{
Authenticator = credentials
});
}
}
Ruby
require 'google/api_client'
##
# Build a Mirror client instance.
#
# @param [Signet::OAuth2::Client] credentials
# OAuth 2.0 credentials.
# @return [Google::APIClient]
# Client instance
def build_client(credentials)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization = credentials
client = client.discovered_api('mirror', 'v1')
client
end
Mengirim permintaan yang sah dan memeriksa kredensial yang dicabut
Cuplikan kode berikut menggunakan instance layanan Google Mirror API yang diotorisasi dan mengirimkan permintaan GET yang diotorisasi ke Google Mirror API untuk mengambil metadata timeline item.
Jika terjadi error, kode akan memeriksa kode status 401 HTTP, yang harus ditangani dengan mengalihkan pengguna ke URL otorisasi.
Operasi Google Mirror API lainnya didokumentasikan dalam Referensi API.
Java
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpResponse;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpResponseException;
import com.google.api.services.mirror.Mirror;
import com.google.api.services.mirror.model.TimelineItem;
import java.io.IOException;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/**
* Print a timeline item's metadata.
*
* @param service Mirror service instance.
* @param itemId ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.
*/
static void printTimelineItem(Mirror service, String itemId) {
try {
TimelineItem item = service.timeline().get(itemId).execute();
System.out.println("Text: " + item.getText());
System.out.println("HTML: " + item.getHtml());
} catch (HttpResponseException e) {
if (e.getStatusCode() == 401) {
// Credentials have been revoked.
// TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or
// remove the credentials from the database.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred: " + e);
}
}
// ...
}
Python
from apiclient import errors
# ...
def print_timeline_item(service, item_id):
"""Print a timeline item's metadata.
Args:
service: Mirror service instance.
item_id: ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.
"""
try:
item = service.timeline().get(id=item_id).execute()
print 'Text: %s' % item['text']
print 'HTML: %s' % item['html']
except errors.HttpError, error:
if error.resp.status == 401:
# Credentials have been revoked.
# TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove
# the credentials from the database.
raise NotImplementedError()
PHP
/**
* Print a timeline item's metadata.
*
* @param Google_MirrorService $service Mirror service instance.
* @param string $itemId ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.
*/
function printTimelineItem($service, $itemId) {
try {
$item = $service->timeline->get($itemId);
print "Text: " . $item->getText() . "\n";
print "HTML: " . $item->getHtml() . "\n";
} catch (apiAuthException) {
// Credentials have been revoked.
// TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove
// the credentials from the database.
throw new RuntimeException('Not implemented!');
} catch (apiException $e) {
print "An error occurred: " . $e->getMessage();
}
}
.NET
using Google;
using Google.Apis.Mirror.v1;
using Google.Apis.Mirror.v1.Data;
using System;
using System.Net;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/// <summary>
/// Print a timeline item's metadata.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="service">Mirror service instance.</param>
/// <param name="itemId">ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.</param>
private static void printTimelineItem(MirrorService service, String itemId) {
try {
TimelineItem item = service.Timeline.Get(itemId).Fetch();
Console.WriteLine("Text: " + item.Text);
Console.WriteLine("HTML: " + item.Html);
} catch (GoogleApiRequestException e) {
if (e.HttpStatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized) {
// Credentials have been revoked.
// TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove the
// credentials from the database.
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
}
//...
}
Ruby
require 'google/api_client'
##
# Print a timeline item's metadata.
#
# @param [Google::APIClient] client
# Authorized client instance
# @param [String] item_id
# ID of timeline item to print
# @return nil
def print_timeline_item(client, item_id)
mirror = client.discovered_api('mirror', 'v1')
result = client.execute(
:api_method => mirror.timeline.get,
:parameters => { 'id' => item_id })
if result.success?
item = result.data
puts "Text: #{item.text}"
puts "Html: #{item.html}"
elseif result.status == 401
# Credentials have been revoked.
# TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove
# the credentials from the database.
raise NotImplementedError, 'Redirect the user.'
end
else
puts "An error occurred: #{result.data['error']['message']}"
end
end