JavaScript quickstart

Create a JavaScript web application that makes requests to the Google Sheets API.

Quickstarts explain how to set up and run an app that calls a Google Workspace API. This quickstart uses a simplified authentication approach that is appropriate for a testing environment. For a production environment, we recommend learning about authentication and authorization before choosing the access credentials that are appropriate for your app.

This quickstart uses Google Workspace's recommended API client libraries to handle some details of the authentication and authorization flow.

Objectives

• Set up your environment.
• Set up the sample.
• Run the sample.

Prerequisites

• Node.js & npm installed.
• A Google Cloud project.

• A Google Account

Set up your environment

To complete this quickstart, set up your environment.

Enable the API

Before using Google APIs, you need to turn them on in a Google Cloud project. You can turn on one or more APIs in a single Google Cloud project.

• In the Google Cloud console, enable the Google Sheets API.

  Enable the API

Configure the OAuth consent screen

If you're using a new Google Cloud project to complete this quickstart, configure the OAuth consent screen. If you've already completed this step for your Cloud project, skip to the next section.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to Menu > Google Auth platform > Branding.

   Go to Branding

2. If you have already configured the Google Auth platform, you can configure the following OAuth Consent Screen settings in Branding, Audience, and Data Access. If you see a message that says Google Auth platform not configured yet, click Get Started:
1. Under App Information, in App name, enter a name for the app.
2. In User support email, choose a support email address where users can contact you if they have questions about their consent.
3. Click Next.
4. Under Audience, select Internal.
5. Click Next.
6. Under Contact Information, enter an Email address where you can be notified about any changes to your project.
7. Click Next.
8. Under Finish, review the Google API Services User Data Policy and if you agree, select I agree to the Google API Services: User Data Policy.
9. Click Continue.
10. Click Create.
3. For now, you can skip adding scopes. In the future, when you create an app for use outside of your Google Workspace organization, you must change the User type to External. Then add the authorization scopes that your app requires. To learn more, see the full Configure OAuth consent guide.

Authorize credentials for a web application

To authenticate end users and access user data in your app, you need to create one or more OAuth 2.0 Client IDs. A client ID is used to identify a single app to Google's OAuth servers. If your app runs on multiple platforms, you must create a separate client ID for each platform.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to Menu > Google Auth platform > Clients.

   Go to Clients

2. Click Create Client.
3. Click Application type > Web application.
4. In the Name field, type a name for the credential. This name is only shown in the Google Cloud console.
5. Add authorized URIs related to your app:
   • Client-side apps (JavaScript)–Under Authorized JavaScript origins, click Add URI. Then, enter a URI to use for browser requests. This identifies the domains from which your application can send API requests to the OAuth 2.0 server.
   • Server-side apps (Java, Python, and more)–Under Authorized redirect URIs, click Add URI. Then, enter an endpoint URI to which the OAuth 2.0 server can send responses.
6. Click Create.

   The newly created credential appears under OAuth 2.0 Client IDs.

   Note the Client ID. Client secrets aren't used for Web applications.

Make a note of these credentials because you need them later in this quickstart.

Create an API key

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to Menu > APIs & Services > Credentials.

   Go to Credentials

2. Click Create credentials > API key.
3. Your new API key is displayed.
   • Click Copy to copy your API key for use in your app's code. The API key can also be found in the "API keys" section of your project's credentials.
   • Click Restrict key to update advanced settings and limit use of your API key. For more details, see Applying API key restrictions.

Set up the sample

1. In your working directory, create a file named index.html.

2. In the index.html file, paste the following sample code:

   sheets/quickstart/index.html

   View on GitHub
   <!DOCTYPE html>
   <html>
     <head>
       <title>Sheets API Quickstart</title>
       <meta charset="utf-8" />
     </head>
     <body>
       <p>Sheets API Quickstart</p>
   
       <!--Add buttons to initiate auth sequence and sign out-->
       <button id="authorize_button" onclick="handleAuthClick()">Authorize</button>
       <button id="signout_button" onclick="handleSignoutClick()">Sign Out</button>
   
       <pre id="content" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"></pre>
   
       <script type="text/javascript">
         /* exported gapiLoaded */
         /* exported gisLoaded */
         /* exported handleAuthClick */
         /* exported handleSignoutClick */
   
         // TODO(developer): Set to client ID and API key from the Developer Console
         const CLIENT_ID = '<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>';
         const API_KEY = '<YOUR_API_KEY>';
   
         // Discovery doc URL for APIs used by the quickstart
         const DISCOVERY_DOC = 'https://sheets.googleapis.com/$discovery/rest?version=v4';
   
         // Authorization scopes required by the API; multiple scopes can be
         // included, separated by spaces.
         const SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets.readonly';
   
         let tokenClient;
         let gapiInited = false;
         let gisInited = false;
   
         document.getElementById('authorize_button').style.visibility = 'hidden';
         document.getElementById('signout_button').style.visibility = 'hidden';
   
         /**
          * Callback after api.js is loaded.
          */
         function gapiLoaded() {
           gapi.load('client', initializeGapiClient);
         }
   
         /**
          * Callback after the API client is loaded. Loads the
          * discovery doc to initialize the API.
          */
         async function initializeGapiClient() {
           await gapi.client.init({
             apiKey: API_KEY,
             discoveryDocs: [DISCOVERY_DOC],
           });
           gapiInited = true;
           maybeEnableButtons();
         }
   
         /**
          * Callback after Google Identity Services are loaded.
          */
         function gisLoaded() {
           tokenClient = google.accounts.oauth2.initTokenClient({
             client_id: CLIENT_ID,
             scope: SCOPES,
             callback: '', // defined later
           });
           gisInited = true;
           maybeEnableButtons();
         }
   
         /**
          * Enables user interaction after all libraries are loaded.
          */
         function maybeEnableButtons() {
           if (gapiInited && gisInited) {
             document.getElementById('authorize_button').style.visibility = 'visible';
           }
         }
   
         /**
          *  Sign in the user upon button click.
          */
         function handleAuthClick() {
           tokenClient.callback = async (resp) => {
             if (resp.error !== undefined) {
               throw (resp);
             }
             document.getElementById('signout_button').style.visibility = 'visible';
             document.getElementById('authorize_button').innerText = 'Refresh';
             await listMajors();
           };
   
           if (gapi.client.getToken() === null) {
             // Prompt the user to select a Google Account and ask for consent to share their data
             // when establishing a new session.
             tokenClient.requestAccessToken({prompt: 'consent'});
           } else {
             // Skip display of account chooser and consent dialog for an existing session.
             tokenClient.requestAccessToken({prompt: ''});
           }
         }
   
         /**
          *  Sign out the user upon button click.
          */
         function handleSignoutClick() {
           const token = gapi.client.getToken();
           if (token !== null) {
             google.accounts.oauth2.revoke(token.access_token);
             gapi.client.setToken('');
             document.getElementById('content').innerText = '';
             document.getElementById('authorize_button').innerText = 'Authorize';
             document.getElementById('signout_button').style.visibility = 'hidden';
           }
         }
   
         /**
          * Print the names and majors of students in a sample spreadsheet:
          * https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BxiMVs0XRA5nFMdKvBdBZjgmUUqptlbs74OgvE2upms/edit
          */
         async function listMajors() {
           let response;
           try {
             // Fetch first 10 files
             response = await gapi.client.sheets.spreadsheets.values.get({
               spreadsheetId: '1BxiMVs0XRA5nFMdKvBdBZjgmUUqptlbs74OgvE2upms',
               range: 'Class Data!A2:E',
             });
           } catch (err) {
             document.getElementById('content').innerText = err.message;
             return;
           }
           const range = response.result;
           if (!range || !range.values || range.values.length == 0) {
             document.getElementById('content').innerText = 'No values found.';
             return;
           }
           // Flatten to string to display
           const output = range.values.reduce(
               (str, row) => `${str}${row[0]}, ${row[4]}\n`,
               'Name, Major:\n');
           document.getElementById('content').innerText = output;
         }
       </script>
       <script async defer src="https://apis.google.com/js/api.js" onload="gapiLoaded()"></script>
       <script async defer src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" onload="gisLoaded()"></script>
     </body>
   </html>

   Replace the following:

   • YOUR_CLIENT_ID: the client ID that you created when you authorized credentials for a web application.
   • YOUR_API_KEY: the API key that you created as a Prerequisite.

Run the sample

1. In your working directory, install the http-server package:

   npm install http-server
   

2. In your working directory, start a web server:

   npx http-server -p 8000
   

3. In your browser, navigate to http://localhost:8000.
4. You see a prompt to authorize access:
   1. If you're not already signed in to your Google Account, sign in when prompted. If you're signed in to multiple accounts, select one account to use for authorization.
   2. Click Accept.

Your JavaScript application runs and calls the Google Sheets API.

Next steps

• Troubleshoot authentication and authorization issues
• Sheets API reference documentation
• google-api-javascript-client section of GitHub