TNC Global Human Modification v3 (Static Snapshot 90m)

Dataset Availability

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z–2022-12-31T00:00:00Z

Dataset Producer

The Nature Conservancy

Earth Engine Snippet

ee.ImageCollection("TNC/HM/v3/90m_s")

Cadence

1 Year

Tags

fragmentation human-modification landcover landscape-gradient population stressors tnc

Description

The Global Human Modification v3 dataset measures cumulative human pressures on global terrestrial ecosystems (excluding Antarctica). It tracks data from 1990 to 2022 and is intended to help quantify human impact for conservation planning, policy-making, and research.

This is the 2022 static snapshot ("s" series) available at 90 meter resolution. Because it uses updated satellite and land-cover inputs, it is not recommended for direct quantitative comparison with the 1990–2020 "c" series.

The modification score per pixel is calculated using the formula: modification = footprint proportion multiplied by stressor intensity. The data values are stored as 32-bit floats ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, where 0.0 indicates no detectable human modification and 1.0 represents the maximum modeled modification.

This dataset provides data for eight IUCN-aligned threat categories, plus one combined index. It was rigorously validated using a spatially balanced sample from the Global Land Use Emergent Dataset (GLUED). It achieved a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.178 at 90m.

Bands

Bands

Pixel size: 90 meters (all bands)

Name	Min	Max	Pixel Size	Description
All_threats_combined	0	1	90 meters	All threats combined (overall modification)
Agriculture	0	1	90 meters	Agriculture (croplands, forestry)
Built_up	0	1	90 meters	Built-Up (residential, commercial, recreation areas)
Energy_production_and_mining	0	1	90 meters	Energy production and mining
Biological_resource_use	0	1	90 meters	Biological resource use
Human_accessibility	0	1	90 meters	Human accessibility (roads, trails, infrastructure)
Natural_system_modification	0	1	90 meters	Natural system modification (e.g., dams, water regulation)
Pollution	0	1	90 meters	Pollution
Transportation_and_service_corridors	0	1	90 meters	Transportation and service corridors

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

CC-BY-4.0

Citations

Citations:

• Theobald, D.M., Oakleaf, J.R., Moncrieff, G., Voigt, M., Kiesecker, J. & Kennedy, C.M. (2025). Global extent and change in human modification of terrestrial ecosystems from 1990 to 2022. Scientific Data 12, 489. doi:10.1038/s41597-025-04892-2

DOIs

• https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04892-2

Explore with Earth Engine

Important: Earth Engine is a platform for petabyte-scale scientific analysis and visualization of geospatial datasets, both for public benefit and for business and government users. Earth Engine is free to use for research, education, and nonprofit use. To get started, please register for Earth Engine access.

Code Editor (JavaScript)

var dataset = ee.ImageCollection('TNC/HM/v3/90m_s');

var visualization = {
  bands: ['All_threats_combined'],
  min: 0.0,
  max: 1.0,
  palette: ['0c0c0c', '071aff', 'ff0000', 'ffbd03', 'fbff05', 'fffdfd']
};

Map.centerObject(dataset);

Map.addLayer(dataset, visualization, 'TNC Global Human Modification v3 (Static Snapshot 90m)');

Open in Code Editor

TNC Global Human Modification v3 (Static Snapshot 90m)

The Global Human Modification v3 dataset measures cumulative human pressures on global terrestrial ecosystems (excluding Antarctica). It tracks data from 1990 to 2022 and is intended to help quantify human impact for conservation planning, policy-making, and research. This is the 2022 static snapshot ("s" series) available at 90 meter resolution. …

TNC/HM/v3/90m_s, fragmentation,human-modification,landcover,landscape-gradient,population,stressors,tnc

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z/2022-12-31T00:00:00Z

-90 -180 90 180

Google Earth Engine

https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets

• https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04892-2
• https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04892-2