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填入團隊休假日曆

程式設計程度：初學者
時間：15 分鐘
專案類型：使用時間觸發條件的自動化專案

目標

瞭解解決方案的功能。
瞭解 Google Apps Script 服務在解決方案中的用途。
設定指令碼。
執行指令碼。

認識這項解決方案

共用休假日曆是團隊協作的絕佳工具，能讓所有人清楚知道彼此的休假狀況。這項解決方案可自動顯示同事的休假時間，省下手動輸入的麻煩。

團隊休假日曆範例，其中已填入不在辦公室的活動

運作方式

這項解決方案會根據 Google 群組中每個人的日曆，填入共用的假期日曆。員工預約休假時，會在個人 Google 日曆中新增活動，並使用「休假」或「不在辦公室」等關鍵字。

每小時，指令碼會掃描群組成員的日曆，並將適當的活動同步至共用日曆。您可以變更指令碼掃描新事件的頻率。

這項解決方案只會存取同事透過隱私權設定向您顯示的日曆活動。

Apps Script 服務

這項解決方案會使用下列服務：

Google 網路論壇服務：決定 Google 網路論壇群組的成員。
日曆進階服務：提供 Google 日曆 API 的存取權，並搜尋群組成員日曆中的活動。

必要條件

如要使用這個範例，您必須符合下列先決條件：

Google 帳戶 (Google Workspace 帳戶可能需要管理員核准)。
可連上網際網路的網路瀏覽器。

設定指令碼

如要設定指令碼來填入團隊的休假日曆，請完成下列步驟：

建立團隊休假日曆

開啟 Google 日曆。
建立新日曆，並命名為「團隊假期」。
在日曆設定的「整合日曆」下方，複製「日曆 ID」。

建立 Apps Script 專案

如要開啟 Vacation Calendar Apps Script 專案，請按一下下列按鈕：開啟專案
按一下「總覽」。
在總覽頁面中，按一下「建立副本」圖示。
在複製的 Apps Script 專案中，將變數 TEAM_CALENDAR_ID 設為您先前建立的日曆 ID。
將變數 GROUP_EMAIL 設為包含團隊成員的 Google 網路論壇群組電子郵件地址。
按一下「服務」旁的「新增服務」圖示。
選取「Google Calendar API」，然後按一下「新增」。

執行指令碼

在複製的 Apps Script 專案中，從函式下拉式選單選取「setup」。
按一下「執行」。
出現提示訊息時，請授權執行指令碼。 <<../_snippets/oauth.md>>
完成後，請返回日曆，確認「團隊假期」日曆已填入活動。

檢查程式碼

如要查看這項解決方案的 Apps Script 程式碼，請按一下「查看原始碼」：

查看原始碼

Code.gs

solutions/automations/vacation-calendar/Code.js

前往 GitHub 查看

// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples/automations/vacation-calendar

/*
Copyright 2022 Google LLC

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

// Set the ID of the team calendar to add events to. You can find the calendar's
// ID on the settings page.
const TEAM_CALENDAR_ID = "ENTER_TEAM_CALENDAR_ID_HERE";
// Set the email address of the Google Group that contains everyone in the team.
// Ensure the group has less than 500 members to avoid timeouts.
// Change to an array in order to add indirect members frrm multiple groups, for example:
// let GROUP_EMAIL = ['ENTER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE', 'ENTER_ANOTHER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE'];
const GROUP_EMAIL = "ENTER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE";

const ONLY_DIRECT_MEMBERS = false;

const KEYWORDS = ["vacation", "ooo", "out of office", "offline"];
const MONTHS_IN_ADVANCE = 3;

/**
 * Sets up the script to run automatically every hour.
 */
function setup() {
  const triggers = ScriptApp.getProjectTriggers();
  if (triggers.length > 0) {
    throw new Error("Triggers are already setup.");
  }
  ScriptApp.newTrigger("sync").timeBased().everyHours(1).create();
  // Runs the first sync immediately.
  sync();
}

/**
 * Looks through the group members' public calendars and adds any
 * 'vacation' or 'out of office' events to the team calendar.
 */
function sync() {
  // Defines the calendar event date range to search.
  const today = new Date();
  const maxDate = new Date();
  maxDate.setMonth(maxDate.getMonth() + MONTHS_IN_ADVANCE);

  // Determines the time the the script was last run.
  let lastRun = PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty("lastRun");
  lastRun = lastRun ? new Date(lastRun) : null;

  // Gets the list of users in the Google Group.
  let users = getAllMembers(GROUP_EMAIL);
  if (ONLY_DIRECT_MEMBERS) {
    users = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(GROUP_EMAIL).getUsers();
  } else if (Array.isArray(GROUP_EMAIL)) {
    users = getUsersFromGroups(GROUP_EMAIL);
  }

  // For each user, finds events having one or more of the keywords in the event
  // summary in the specified date range. Imports each of those to the team
  // calendar.
  let count = 0;
  for (const user of users) {
    const username = user.getEmail().split("@")[0];
    const events = findEvents(user, today, maxDate, lastRun);
    for (const event of events) {
      importEvent(username, event);
      count++;
    }
  }

  PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().setProperty("lastRun", today);
  console.log(`Imported ${count} events`);
}

/**
 * Imports the given event from the user's calendar into the shared team
 * calendar.
 * @param {string} username The team member that is attending the event.
 * @param {Calendar.Event} event The event to import.
 */
function importEvent(username, event) {
  event.summary = `[${username}] ${event.summary}`;
  event.organizer = {
    id: TEAM_CALENDAR_ID,
  };
  event.attendees = [];

  // If the event is not of type 'default', it can't be imported, so it needs
  // to be changed.
  if (event.eventType !== "default") {
    event.eventType = "default";
    event.outOfOfficeProperties = undefined;
    event.focusTimeProperties = undefined;
  }

  console.log("Importing: %s", event.summary);
  try {
    Calendar.Events.import(event, TEAM_CALENDAR_ID);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(
      "Error attempting to import event: %s. Skipping.",
      e.toString(),
    );
  }
}

/**
 * In a given user's calendar, looks for occurrences of the given keyword
 * in events within the specified date range and returns any such events
 * found.
 * @param {Session.User} user The user to retrieve events for.
 * @param {string} keyword The keyword to look for.
 * @param {Date} start The starting date of the range to examine.
 * @param {Date} end The ending date of the range to examine.
 * @param {Date} optSince A date indicating the last time this script was run.
 * @return {Calendar.Event[]} An array of calendar events.
 */
function findEvents(user, start, end, optSince) {
  const params = {
    eventTypes: "outOfOffice",
    timeMin: formatDateAsRFC3339(start),
    timeMax: formatDateAsRFC3339(end),
    showDeleted: true,
  };
  if (optSince) {
    // This prevents the script from examining events that have not been
    // modified since the specified date (that is, the last time the
    // script was run).
    params.updatedMin = formatDateAsRFC3339(optSince);
  }
  let pageToken = null;
  let events = [];
  do {
    params.pageToken = pageToken;
    let response;
    try {
      response = Calendar.Events.list(user.getEmail(), params);
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(
        "Error retriving events for %s, %s: %s; skipping",
        user,
        keyword,
        e.toString(),
      );
      continue;
    }
    events = events.concat(response.items);
    pageToken = response.nextPageToken;
  } while (pageToken);
  return events;
}

/**
 * Returns an RFC3339 formated date String corresponding to the given
 * Date object.
 * @param {Date} date a Date.
 * @return {string} a formatted date string.
 */
function formatDateAsRFC3339(date) {
  return Utilities.formatDate(date, "UTC", "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ");
}

/**
 * Get both direct and indirect members (and delete duplicates).
 * @param {string} the e-mail address of the group.
 * @return {object} direct and indirect members.
 */
function getAllMembers(groupEmail) {
  const group = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(groupEmail);
  let users = group.getUsers();
  const childGroups = group.getGroups();
  for (let i = 0; i < childGroups.length; i++) {
    const childGroup = childGroups[i];
    users = users.concat(getAllMembers(childGroup.getEmail()));
  }
  // Remove duplicate members
  const uniqueUsers = [];
  const userEmails = {};
  for (let i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
    const user = users[i];
    if (!userEmails[user.getEmail()]) {
      uniqueUsers.push(user);
      userEmails[user.getEmail()] = true;
    }
  }
  return uniqueUsers;
}

/**
 * Get indirect members from multiple groups (and delete duplicates).
 * @param {array} the e-mail addresses of multiple groups.
 * @return {object} indirect members of multiple groups.
 */
function getUsersFromGroups(groupEmails) {
  const users = [];
  for (const groupEmail of groupEmails) {
    const groupUsers = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(groupEmail).getUsers();
    for (const user of groupUsers) {
      if (!users.some((u) => u.getEmail() === user.getEmail())) {
        users.push(user);
      }
    }
  }
  return users;
}

修改

您可以視需要編輯團隊休假日曆自動化功能。以下是修改觸發條件的選用變更。

變更腳本掃描新事件的頻率

如要變更指令碼的執行頻率，請按照下列步驟操作：

在 Apps Script 專案中，按一下「觸發條件」。
按一下觸發條件旁的「編輯觸發條件」圖示。
選取變更內容，然後按一下「儲存」。

貢獻者

這個範例由 Google 維護，並由 Google Developers 專家協助。

填入團隊休假日曆 透過集合功能整理內容 你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

目標