建立應用程式儲存內容的捷徑檔案

Google 雲端硬碟中的第三方捷徑是僅含中繼資料的檔案，可連結至外部第三方儲存系統中的其他檔案。這些捷徑會做為「內容」檔案的參照連結，而這些檔案是由雲端硬碟以外的應用程式儲存，通常位於不同的資料存放區或雲端儲存系統。

如要建立第三方捷徑，請使用 Google 雲端硬碟 API 的 files.create 方法，並將 MIME 類型設為 application/vnd.google-apps.drive-sdk。建立檔案時，請勿上傳任何內容。詳情請參閱「 Google Workspace 和 Google 雲端硬碟支援的 MIME 類型」。

你無法上傳或下載第三方捷徑。

注意： 如果您使用舊版 Drive API v2，可以在 GitHub 找到程式碼範例。瞭解如何遷移至 Drive API v3。

下列程式碼範例說明如何使用用戶端程式庫建立第三方捷徑：

Java

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/main/java/CreateShortcut.java

前往 GitHub 查看

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonResponseException;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.drive.Drive;
import com.google.api.services.drive.DriveScopes;
import com.google.api.services.drive.model.File;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

/* Class to demonstrate Drive's create shortcut use-case */
public class CreateShortcut {

  /**
   * Creates shortcut for file.
   *
   * @throws IOException if service account credentials file not found.
   */
  public static String createShortcut() throws IOException {
        /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
        TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
        guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application.*/
    GoogleCredentials credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
        .createScoped(Arrays.asList(DriveScopes.DRIVE_FILE));
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer = new HttpCredentialsAdapter(
        credentials);
    // Build a new authorized API client service.
    Drive service = new Drive.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(),
        GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
        requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("Drive samples")
        .build();
    try {
      // Create Shortcut for file.
      File fileMetadata = new File();
      fileMetadata.setName("Project plan");
      fileMetadata.setMimeType("application/vnd.google-apps.drive-sdk");

      File file = service.files().create(fileMetadata)
          .setFields("id")
          .execute();
      System.out.println("File ID: " + file.getId());
      return file.getId();
    } catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
      // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
      System.err.println("Unable to create shortcut: " + e.getDetails());
      throw e;
    }
  }
}

Python

drive/snippets/drive-v3/file_snippet/create_shortcut.py

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import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def create_shortcut():
  """Create a third party shortcut

  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """
  creds, _ = google.auth.default()

  try:
    # create drive api client
    service = build("drive", "v3", credentials=creds)
    file_metadata = {
        "name": "Project plan",
        "mimeType": "application/vnd.google-apps.drive-sdk",
    }

    # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member
    file = service.files().create(body=file_metadata, fields="id").execute()
    print(f'File ID: {file.get("id")}')

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
  return file.get("id")


if __name__ == "__main__":
  create_shortcut()

PHP

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/DriveCreateShortcut.php

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<?php
use Google\Client;
use Google\Service\Drive;
use Google\Service\Drive\DriveFile;
function createShortcut()
{
    try {

        $client = new Client();
        $client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials();
        $client->addScope(Drive::DRIVE);
        $driveService = new Drive($client);
        $fileMetadata = new DriveFile(array(
            'name' => 'Project plan',
            'mimeType' => 'application/vnd.google-apps.drive-sdk'));
        $file = $driveService->files->create($fileMetadata, array(
            'fields' => 'id'));
        printf("File ID: %s\n", $file->id);
        return $file->id;

    } catch(Exception $e) {
        echo "Error Message: ".$e;
    }

}

.NET

drive/snippets/drive_v3/DriveV3Snippets/CreateShortcut.cs

前往 GitHub 查看

using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Drive.v3;
using Google.Apis.Services;

namespace DriveV3Snippets
{
    // Class to demonstrate Drive's create shortcut use-case
    public class CreateShortcut
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Create a third party shortcut.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>newly created shortcut file id, null otherwise.</returns>
        public static string DriveCreateShortcut()
        {
            try
            {
                /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
                 TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for 
                 guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
                GoogleCredential credential = GoogleCredential
                    .GetApplicationDefault()
                    .CreateScoped(DriveService.Scope.Drive);

                // Create Drive API service.
                var service = new DriveService(new BaseClientService.Initializer
                {
                    HttpClientInitializer = credential,
                    ApplicationName = "Drive API Snippets"
                });

                // Create Shortcut for file.
                var fileMetadata = new Google.Apis.Drive.v3.Data.File()
                {
                    Name = "Project plan",
                    MimeType = "application/vnd.google-apps.drive-sdk"
                };
                var request = service.Files.Create(fileMetadata);
                request.Fields = "id";
                var file = request.Execute();
                // Prints the shortcut file id.
                Console.WriteLine("File ID: " + file.Id);
                return file.Id;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
                if (e is AggregateException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Credential Not found");
                }
                else
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

Node.js

drive/snippets/drive_v3/file_snippets/create_shortcut.js

前往 GitHub 查看

import {GoogleAuth} from 'google-auth-library';
import {google} from 'googleapis';

/**
 * Creates a shortcut to a third-party resource.
 * @return {Promise<string|null|undefined>} The shortcut ID.
 */
async function createShortcut() {
  // Authenticate with Google and get an authorized client.
  // TODO (developer): Use an appropriate auth mechanism for your app.
  const auth = new GoogleAuth({
    scopes: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive',
  });

  // Create a new Drive API client (v3).
  const service = google.drive({version: 'v3', auth});

  // The metadata for the new shortcut.
  const fileMetadata = {
    name: 'Project plan',
    mimeType: 'application/vnd.google-apps.drive-sdk',
  };

  // Create the new shortcut.
  const file = await service.files.create({
    requestBody: fileMetadata,
    fields: 'id',
  });

  // Print the ID of the new shortcut.
  console.log('File Id:', file.data.id);
  return file.data.id;
}

注意： 如果您使用服務帳戶執行這些範例 (在許多環境中，使用應用程式預設憑證時，這是預設值)，捷徑檔案會建立在服務帳戶的獨立雲端硬碟儲存空間中。除非您與使用者電子郵件地址共用檔案，或是透過使用者 OAuth 2.0 憑證授權要求，否則個人使用者帳戶的 Google 雲端硬碟網站不會顯示該檔案。此外，如要讓捷徑正常運作，並在點選時重新導向至應用程式，您必須設定雲端硬碟使用者介面整合 (包含開啟網址)，並安裝對應的應用程式。

第三方快速鍵的運作方式

使用 files.create 方法建立第三方捷徑時，系統會使用 POST 要求插入中繼資料，並建立應用程式內容的捷徑：

POST https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v3/files
Authorization: AUTHORIZATION_HEADER

{
  "title": "FILE_TITLE",
  "mimeType": "application/vnd.google-apps.drive-sdk"
}

點選第三方捷徑後，使用者會重新導向至檔案所在的外部網站。雲端硬碟檔案 ID 包含在 state 參數中。詳情請參閱「處理應用程式專屬文件的開啟網址」。

第三方應用程式或網站隨後會負責將 state 參數中的檔案 ID，與其系統中的內容進行比對。

新增自訂縮圖和可編列索引的文字

如要提高與第三方捷徑相關聯檔案的可搜尋性，您可以在插入或修改檔案中繼資料時，上傳縮圖和可建立索引的文字。詳情請參閱「管理檔案中繼資料」。

相關主題

• 建立雲端硬碟檔案的捷徑
• 設定雲端硬碟使用者介面整合
• Google Workspace 和 Google 雲端硬碟支援的 MIME 類型