Membersihkan data di spreadsheet Google Spreadsheet

Tingkat coding: Menengah
Durasi: 20 menit
Jenis project: Add-on editor

Tujuan

• Pahami fungsi solusi.
• Pahami fungsi layanan Apps Script dalam solusi.
• Siapkan skrip.
• Jalankan skrip.

Tentang solusi ini

Membersihkan data spreadsheet dengan menghapus baris dan kolom kosong secara otomatis, memangkas spreadsheet ke tepi rentang data, dan mengisi kesenjangan dalam data.

Cara kerjanya

Skrip akan melakukan fungsi berikut:

• Hapus baris kosong–Dalam rentang yang dipilih, skrip mengidentifikasi baris kosong dan menghapusnya. Jika sel dalam baris berisi karakter spasi, baris tersebut tidak dianggap kosong.
• Hapus kolom kosong–Dalam rentang yang dipilih, skrip mengidentifikasi kolom kosong dan menghapusnya. Jika sel dalam kolom berisi karakter spasi, kolom tersebut tidak dianggap kosong.
• Pangkas sheet ke rentang data–Skrip mengidentifikasi tempat rentang data berakhir dan menghapus baris dan kolom yang berlebih.
• Isi baris kosong–Skrip menyalin dan menempelkan konten sel aktif yang dipilih ke sel kosong di baris di bawahnya. Skrip akan berhenti menempelkan konten saat menemukan baris yang tidak kosong atau mencapai akhir rentang data.

Layanan Apps Script

Solusi ini menggunakan layanan berikut:

• Spreadsheet Service–Mendapatkan sheet aktif dan menjalankan semua fungsi pembersihan.

Prasyarat

Untuk menggunakan sampel ini, Anda memerlukan prasyarat berikut:

• Akun Google (akun Google Workspace mungkin memerlukan persetujuan administrator).
• Browser web dengan akses ke internet.

Menyiapkan skrip

1. Klik tombol berikut untuk membuka project Apps Script Clean sheet.
   Membuka project
2. Klik Ringkasan .
3. Di halaman ringkasan, klik Buat salinan .
4. Di bagian atas project yang Anda salin, klik Deploy > Test deployments.
5. Di sebelah Pilih jenis, klik Aktifkan jenis deployment > Add-on editor.
6. Klik Buat pengujian baru.
7. Di bagian Test document, klik No document selected.
8. Pilih spreadsheet yang berisi data yang akan dibersihkan, lalu klik Sisipkan. Untuk menggunakan dokumen contoh, buat salinan spreadsheet Data pembersihan contoh.
9. Klik Simpan pengujian.
10. Untuk membuka spreadsheet, pilih tombol pilihan di samping pengujian yang disimpan, lalu klik Jalankan.

Jalankan skrip:

1. Di spreadsheet, pilih rentang A1:F20.
2. Klik Ekstensi > Salinan Clean sheet > Hapus baris kosong.
3. Saat diminta, klik Lanjutkan dan izinkan skrip.
4. Klik Ekstensi > Salinan Clean sheet > Hapus baris kosong lagi.
5. Klik Ekstensi > Copy of Clean sheet > Hapus kolom kosong.
6. Klik Ekstensi > Salinan Lembar bersih > Pangkas lembar ke rentang data.
7. Pilih sel C7.
8. Klik Ekstensi > Salinan Lembar bersih > Isi baris kosong di bawah.

Meninjau kode

Untuk meninjau kode Apps Script untuk solusi ini, klik Lihat kode sumber di bawah:

Melihat kode sumber

Code.gs

solutions/editor-add-on/clean-sheet/Code.js

Lihat di GitHub

// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/add-ons/clean-sheet

/*
Copyright 2022 Google LLC

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

// Application Constants
const APP_TITLE = 'Clean sheet';

/**
 * Identifies and deletes empty rows in selected range of active sheet.
 * 
 * Cells that contain space characters are treated as non-empty.
 * The entire row, including the cells outside of the selected range,
 * must be empty to be deleted.
 *  
 * Called from menu option.
 */
function deleteEmptyRows() {

  const sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();

  // Gets active selection and dimensions.
  let activeRange = sheet.getActiveRange();
  const rowCount = activeRange.getHeight();
  const firstActiveRow = activeRange.getRow();
  const columnCount = sheet.getMaxColumns();

  // Tests that the selection is a valid range.
  if (rowCount < 1) {
    showMessage('Select a valid range.');
    return;
  }
  // Tests active range isn't too large to process. Enforces limit set to 10k.
  if (rowCount > 10000) {
    showMessage("Selected range too large. Select up to 10,000 rows at one time.");
    return;
  }

  // Utilizes an array of values for efficient processing to determine blank rows.
  const activeRangeValues = sheet.getRange(firstActiveRow, 1, rowCount, columnCount).getValues();

  // Checks if array is all empty values.
  const valueFilter = value => value !== '';
  const isRowEmpty = (row) => {
    return row.filter(valueFilter).length === 0;
  }

  // Maps the range values as an object with value (to test) and corresponding row index (with offset from selection).
  const rowsToDelete = activeRangeValues.map((row, index) => ({ row, offset: index + activeRange.getRowIndex() }))
    .filter(item => isRowEmpty(item.row)) // Test to filter out non-empty rows.
    .map(item => item.offset); //Remap to include just the row indexes that will be removed.

  // Combines a sorted, ascending list of indexes into a set of ranges capturing consecutive values as start/end ranges.
  // Combines sequential empty rows for faster processing.
  const rangesToDelete = rowsToDelete.reduce((ranges, index) => {
    const currentRange = ranges[ranges.length - 1];
    if (currentRange && index === currentRange[1] + 1) {
      currentRange[1] = index;
      return ranges;
    }
    ranges.push([index, index]);
    return ranges;
  }, []);

  // Sends a list of row indexes to be deleted to the console.
  console.log(rangesToDelete);

  // Deletes the rows using REVERSE order to ensure proper indexing is used.
  rangesToDelete.reverse().forEach(([start, end]) => sheet.deleteRows(start, end - start + 1));
  SpreadsheetApp.flush();
}

/**
 * Removes blank columns in a selected range.
 * 
 * Cells containing Space characters are treated as non-empty.
 * The entire column, including cells outside of the selected range,
 * must be empty to be deleted.
 *   
 * Called from menu option.
 */
function deleteEmptyColumns() {

  const sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();

  // Gets active selection and dimensions.
  let activeRange = sheet.getActiveRange();
  const rowCountMax = sheet.getMaxRows();
  const columnWidth = activeRange.getWidth();
  const firstActiveColumn = activeRange.getColumn();

  // Tests that the selection is a valid range.
  if (columnWidth < 1) {
    showMessage('Select a valid range.');
    return;
  }
  // Tests active range is not too large to process. Enforces limit set to 1k.
  if (columnWidth > 1000) {
    showMessage("Selected range too large. Select up to 10,000 rows at one time.");
    return;
  }

  // Utilizes an array of values for efficient processing to determine blank columns.
  const activeRangeValues = sheet.getRange(1, firstActiveColumn, rowCountMax, columnWidth).getValues();

  // Transposes the array of range values so it can be processed in order of columns.
  const activeRangeValuesTransposed = activeRangeValues[0].map((_, colIndex) => activeRangeValues.map(row => row[colIndex]));

  // Checks if array is all empty values.
  const valueFilter = value => value !== '';
  const isColumnEmpty = (column) => {
    return column.filter(valueFilter).length === 0;
  }

  // Maps the range values as an object with value (to test) and corresponding column index (with offset from selection).
  const columnsToDelete = activeRangeValuesTransposed.map((column, index) => ({ column, offset: index + firstActiveColumn}))
    .filter(item => isColumnEmpty(item.column)) // Test to filter out non-empty rows.
    .map(item => item.offset); //Remap to include just the column indexes that will be removed.

  // Combines a sorted, ascending list of indexes into a set of ranges capturing consecutive values as start/end ranges.
  // Combines sequential empty columns for faster processing.
  const rangesToDelete = columnsToDelete.reduce((ranges, index) => {
    const currentRange = ranges[ranges.length - 1];
    if (currentRange && index === currentRange[1] + 1) {
      currentRange[1] = index;
      return ranges;
    }
    ranges.push([index, index]);
    return ranges;
  }, []);

  // Sends a list of column indexes to be deleted to the console.
  console.log(rangesToDelete);

  // Deletes the columns using REVERSE order to ensure proper indexing is used.
  rangesToDelete.reverse().forEach(([start, end]) => sheet.deleteColumns(start, end - start + 1));
  SpreadsheetApp.flush();
}

/**
 * Trims all of the unused rows and columns outside of selected data range.
 * 
 * Called from menu option.
 */
function cropSheet() {
  const dataRange = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet().getDataRange();
  const sheet = dataRange.getSheet();

  let numRows = dataRange.getNumRows();
  let numColumns = dataRange.getNumColumns();

  const maxRows = sheet.getMaxRows();
  const maxColumns = sheet.getMaxColumns();

  const numFrozenRows = sheet.getFrozenRows();
  const numFrozenColumns = sheet.getFrozenColumns();

  // If last data row is less than maximium row, then deletes rows after the last data row.
  if (numRows < maxRows) {
    numRows = Math.max(numRows, numFrozenRows + 1); // Don't crop empty frozen rows.
    sheet.deleteRows(numRows + 1, maxRows - numRows);
  }

  // If last data column is less than maximium column, then deletes columns after the last data column.
  if (numColumns < maxColumns) {
    numColumns = Math.max(numColumns, numFrozenColumns + 1); // Don't crop empty frozen columns.
    sheet.deleteColumns(numColumns + 1, maxColumns - numColumns);
  }
}

/**
 * Copies value of active cell to the blank cells beneath it. 
 * Stops at last row of the sheet's data range if only blank cells are encountered.
 * 
 * Called from menu option.
 */
function fillDownData() {

  const sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getActiveSheet();

  // Gets sheet's active cell and confirms it's not empty.
  const activeCell = sheet.getActiveCell();
  const activeCellValue = activeCell.getValue();

  if (!activeCellValue) {
    showMessage("The active cell is empty. Nothing to fill.");
    return;
  }

  // Gets coordinates of active cell.
  const column = activeCell.getColumn();
  const row = activeCell.getRow();

  // Gets entire data range of the sheet.
  const dataRange = sheet.getDataRange();
  const dataRangeRows = dataRange.getNumRows();

  // Gets trimmed range starting from active cell to the end of sheet data range.
  const searchRange = dataRange.offset(row - 1, column - 1, dataRangeRows - row + 1, 1)
  const searchValues = searchRange.getDisplayValues();

  // Find the number of empty rows below the active cell.
  let i = 1; // Start at 1 to skip the ActiveCell.
  while (searchValues[i] && searchValues[i][0] == "") { i++; }

  // If blanks exist, fill the range with values.
  if (i > 1) {
    const fillRange = searchRange.offset(0, 0, i, 1).setValue(activeCellValue)
    //sheet.setActiveRange(fillRange) // Uncomment to test affected range.
  }
  else {
    showMessage("There are no empty cells below the Active Cell to fill.");
  }
}

/**
 * A helper function to display messages to user.
 * 
 * @param {string} message - Message to be displayed.
 * @param {string} caller - {Optional} text to append to title.
 */
function showMessage(message, caller) {

  // Sets the title using the APP_TITLE variable; adds optional caller string.
  const title = APP_TITLE
  if (caller != null) {
    title += ` : ${caller}`
  };

  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert(title, message, ui.ButtonSet.OK);
}

Menu.gs

solutions/editor-add-on/clean-sheet/Menu.js

Lihat di GitHub

/**
 * Copyright 2022 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/**
 * Creates a menu entry in the Google Sheets Extensions menu when the document is opened.
 *
 * @param {object} e The event parameter for a simple onOpen trigger. 
 */
function onOpen(e) {
  // Builds a menu that displays under the Extensions menu in Sheets.
  let menu = SpreadsheetApp.getUi().createAddonMenu()

  menu
    .addItem('Delete blank rows (from selected rows only)', 'deleteEmptyRows')
    .addItem('Delete blank columns (from selected columns only)', 'deleteEmptyColumns')
    .addItem('Crop sheet to data range', 'cropSheet')
    .addSeparator()
    .addItem('Fill in blank rows below', 'fillDownData')
    .addSeparator()
    .addItem('About', 'aboutApp')
    .addToUi();
}

/**
 * Runs when the add-on is installed; calls onOpen() to ensure menu creation and
 * any other initializion work is done immediately. This method is only used by 
 * the desktop add-on and is never called by the mobile version.
 *
 * @param {object} e The event parameter for a simple onInstall trigger. 
 */
function onInstall(e) {
  onOpen(e);
}

/**
 * About box for context and developer contact information.
 * TODO: Personalize
 */
function aboutApp() {
  const msg = `
  Name: ${APP_TITLE}
  Version: 1.0
  Contact: <Developer Email Goes Here>`

  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert("About this application", msg, ui.ButtonSet.OK);
}

Kontributor

Contoh ini dikelola oleh Google dengan bantuan Pakar Developer Google.

Langkah berikutnya

• Memperluas Google Spreadsheet dengan add-on
• Referensi layanan Spreadsheet