程式設計層級:新手
時間長度:10 分鐘
專案類型:使用自訂選單自動執行
目標
- 瞭解解決方案的功能。
- 瞭解 Apps Script 解決方案在解決方案中的用途。
- 設定指令碼。
- 執行指令碼。
認識這項解決方案
自動填入電子郵件範本,填入 Google 試算表的資料。我們會透過 Gmail 帳戶傳送電子郵件,方便你回覆收件者回覆。
重要事項:這個郵件合併範例必須遵守 Google 服務的配額中所述的電子郵件限制。

運作方式
您建立了一個 Gmail 草稿範本,其中的預留位置會對應至試算表中的資料。工作表中的每個欄標題都是預留位置標記。指令碼會將每個預留位置的資訊傳送至電子郵件草稿中相應預留位置的位置。
Apps Script 服務
這項解決方案會使用下列服務:
必要條件
如要使用這個範例,您必須具備下列先決條件:
- Google 帳戶 (Google Workspace 帳戶可能需要管理員核准)。
- 可存取網際網路的網路瀏覽器。
設定指令碼
建立 Apps Script 專案
- 點選下方按鈕,建立 Gmail/Sheets Mail Merge 範例試算表的副本。這個解決方案的 Apps Script 專案會附加至試算表。
建立副本
- 在複製的試算表中,將「收件者」欄更新成您要在郵件合併中使用的電子郵件地址。
- (選用) 新增、編輯或移除資料欄,以自訂要在電子郵件範本中加入的資料。
如果您變更了「收件者」或「電子郵件已傳送」欄的名稱,必須在 Apps Script 專案中更新對應的程式碼。若要從試算表開啟 Apps Script 專案,請依序按一下「Extensions」>「Apps Script」。
建立電子郵件範本
- 在 Gmail 帳戶中建立電子郵件草稿。如要在電子郵件中納入試算表中的資料,請使用與大括號括住的欄名稱對應的預留位置,例如
{{First name}}
。
- 如果您設定電子郵件中的文字格式,就必須一併設定預留位置括號的格式。
- 預留位置須區分大小寫,且必須與欄標題完全相符。
- 複製電子郵件草稿的主旨行。
執行指令碼
- 在試算表中,依序按一下「Mail Merge」(郵件合併) >「Send Emails」(傳送電子郵件)。你可能需要重新整理頁面,才能看到這個自訂選單。
出現提示訊息時,請授權執行指令碼。如果 OAuth 同意畫面顯示「The app not verify」,請依序選取「Advanced」>「Go to {Project Name}」(不安全的),即可繼續操作。
再按一次「郵件合併」>「傳送電子郵件」。
貼上電子郵件範本主旨行,然後按一下「OK」。
如將篩選器套用至工作表,指令碼仍會將篩選過的參與者以電子郵件傳送,但不會新增時間戳記。
查看程式碼
如要查看這項解決方案的 Apps Script 程式碼,請點選下方的「查看原始碼」:
查看原始碼
Code.gs
// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples/automations/mail-merge
/*
Copyright 2022 Martin Hawksey
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
/**
* @OnlyCurrentDoc
*/
/**
* Change these to match the column names you are using for email
* recipient addresses and email sent column.
*/
const RECIPIENT_COL = "Recipient";
const EMAIL_SENT_COL = "Email Sent";
/**
* Creates the menu item "Mail Merge" for user to run scripts on drop-down.
*/
function onOpen() {
const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
ui.createMenu('Mail Merge')
.addItem('Send Emails', 'sendEmails')
.addToUi();
}
/**
* Sends emails from sheet data.
* @param {string} subjectLine (optional) for the email draft message
* @param {Sheet} sheet to read data from
*/
function sendEmails(subjectLine, sheet=SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet()) {
// option to skip browser prompt if you want to use this code in other projects
if (!subjectLine){
subjectLine = Browser.inputBox("Mail Merge",
"Type or copy/paste the subject line of the Gmail " +
"draft message you would like to mail merge with:",
Browser.Buttons.OK_CANCEL);
if (subjectLine === "cancel" || subjectLine == ""){
// If no subject line, finishes up
return;
}
}
// Gets the draft Gmail message to use as a template
const emailTemplate = getGmailTemplateFromDrafts_(subjectLine);
// Gets the data from the passed sheet
const dataRange = sheet.getDataRange();
// Fetches displayed values for each row in the Range HT Andrew Roberts
// https://mashe.hawksey.info/2020/04/a-bulk-email-mail-merge-with-gmail-and-google-sheets-solution-evolution-using-v8/#comment-187490
// @see https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/range#getdisplayvalues
const data = dataRange.getDisplayValues();
// Assumes row 1 contains our column headings
const heads = data.shift();
// Gets the index of the column named 'Email Status' (Assumes header names are unique)
// @see http://ramblings.mcpher.com/Home/excelquirks/gooscript/arrayfunctions
const emailSentColIdx = heads.indexOf(EMAIL_SENT_COL);
// Converts 2d array into an object array
// See https://stackoverflow.com/a/22917499/1027723
// For a pretty version, see https://mashe.hawksey.info/?p=17869/#comment-184945
const obj = data.map(r => (heads.reduce((o, k, i) => (o[k] = r[i] || '', o), {})));
// Creates an array to record sent emails
const out = [];
// Loops through all the rows of data
obj.forEach(function(row, rowIdx){
// Only sends emails if email_sent cell is blank and not hidden by a filter
if (row[EMAIL_SENT_COL] == ''){
try {
const msgObj = fillInTemplateFromObject_(emailTemplate.message, row);
// See https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/gmail/gmail-app#sendEmail(String,String,String,Object)
// If you need to send emails with unicode/emoji characters change GmailApp for MailApp
// Uncomment advanced parameters as needed (see docs for limitations)
GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
htmlBody: msgObj.html,
// bcc: 'a.bbc@email.com',
// cc: 'a.cc@email.com',
// from: 'an.alias@email.com',
// name: 'name of the sender',
// replyTo: 'a.reply@email.com',
// noReply: true, // if the email should be sent from a generic no-reply email address (not available to gmail.com users)
attachments: emailTemplate.attachments,
inlineImages: emailTemplate.inlineImages
});
// Edits cell to record email sent date
out.push([new Date()]);
} catch(e) {
// modify cell to record error
out.push([e.message]);
}
} else {
out.push([row[EMAIL_SENT_COL]]);
}
});
// Updates the sheet with new data
sheet.getRange(2, emailSentColIdx+1, out.length).setValues(out);
/**
* Get a Gmail draft message by matching the subject line.
* @param {string} subject_line to search for draft message
* @return {object} containing the subject, plain and html message body and attachments
*/
function getGmailTemplateFromDrafts_(subject_line){
try {
// get drafts
const drafts = GmailApp.getDrafts();
// filter the drafts that match subject line
const draft = drafts.filter(subjectFilter_(subject_line))[0];
// get the message object
const msg = draft.getMessage();
// Handles inline images and attachments so they can be included in the merge
// Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/65813881/1027723
// Gets all attachments and inline image attachments
const allInlineImages = draft.getMessage().getAttachments({includeInlineImages: true,includeAttachments:false});
const attachments = draft.getMessage().getAttachments({includeInlineImages: false});
const htmlBody = msg.getBody();
// Creates an inline image object with the image name as key
// (can't rely on image index as array based on insert order)
const img_obj = allInlineImages.reduce((obj, i) => (obj[i.getName()] = i, obj) ,{});
//Regexp searches for all img string positions with cid
const imgexp = RegExp('<img.*?src="cid:(.*?)".*?alt="(.*?)"[^\>]+>', 'g');
const matches = [...htmlBody.matchAll(imgexp)];
//Initiates the allInlineImages object
const inlineImagesObj = {};
// built an inlineImagesObj from inline image matches
matches.forEach(match => inlineImagesObj[match[1]] = img_obj[match[2]]);
return {message: {subject: subject_line, text: msg.getPlainBody(), html:htmlBody},
attachments: attachments, inlineImages: inlineImagesObj };
} catch(e) {
throw new Error("Oops - can't find Gmail draft");
}
/**
* Filter draft objects with the matching subject linemessage by matching the subject line.
* @param {string} subject_line to search for draft message
* @return {object} GmailDraft object
*/
function subjectFilter_(subject_line){
return function(element) {
if (element.getMessage().getSubject() === subject_line) {
return element;
}
}
}
}
/**
* Fill template string with data object
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/378000/1027723
* @param {string} template string containing {{}} markers which are replaced with data
* @param {object} data object used to replace {{}} markers
* @return {object} message replaced with data
*/
function fillInTemplateFromObject_(template, data) {
// We have two templates one for plain text and the html body
// Stringifing the object means we can do a global replace
let template_string = JSON.stringify(template);
// Token replacement
template_string = template_string.replace(/{{[^{}]+}}/g, key => {
return escapeData_(data[key.replace(/[{}]+/g, "")] || "");
});
return JSON.parse(template_string);
}
/**
* Escape cell data to make JSON safe
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/9204218/1027723
* @param {string} str to escape JSON special characters from
* @return {string} escaped string
*/
function escapeData_(str) {
return str
.replace(/[\\]/g, '\\\\')
.replace(/[\"]/g, '\\\"')
.replace(/[\/]/g, '\\/')
.replace(/[\b]/g, '\\b')
.replace(/[\f]/g, '\\f')
.replace(/[\n]/g, '\\n')
.replace(/[\r]/g, '\\r')
.replace(/[\t]/g, '\\t');
};
}
修改
您可以視需求自行編輯郵件合併功能。
以下是您可以對原始碼進行的一些選擇性變更。
新增密件副本、副本、回覆地址或寄件者參數
程式碼範例包含一些額外參數 (目前註解已排除),方便您控制傳送電子郵件的來源帳戶名稱、回覆電子郵件地址,以及密件副本和電子郵件地址。
在參數前方加上正斜線 //
,即可啟用要新增的參數。
以下範例顯示的來自 sendEmails
函式的摘錄會啟用大部分的電子郵件參數:
GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
htmlBody: msgObj.html,
bcc: 'bcc@example.com',
cc: 'cc@example.com',
from: 'from.alias@example.com',
name: 'name of the sender',
replyTo: 'reply@example.com',
// noReply: true, // if the email should be sent from a generic no-reply email address (not available to gmail.com users)
在上述範例中,由於已設定 replyTo
參數,noReply
參數仍會註解。
在電子郵件中加入萬國碼 (Unicode) 字元
如要在電子郵件中加入萬國碼 (Unicode) 字元 (例如表情符號),請更新程式碼,以便使用郵件服務,而非 Gmail 服務。
在程式碼範例中,更新以下這行內容:
GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
將以下這行程式碼替換為以下程式碼:
MailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
貢獻者
本實例是由愛丁堡未來學院、網誌作者和 Google Developers 專家的學習設計與技術主管 Martin Hawksey 所建立。
在 Google 專家的協助下,這是由 Google 維護的例子。
後續步驟