Menangani error

Panduan ini menjelaskan cara mengelola error yang terjadi saat langkah alur berjalan. Anda dapat menentukan apakah langkah yang gagal memerlukan tindakan pengguna untuk diselesaikan atau apakah langkah tersebut dapat dicoba lagi.

  • Menampilkan error yang dapat ditindaklanjuti: Tambahkan tombol ke log error yang mengarahkan pengguna ke kartu konfigurasi langkah, sehingga mereka dapat mengubah input untuk menyelesaikan error. Untuk menandai error sebagai dapat ditindaklanjuti, tampilkan AddOnsResponseService.ErrorActionability.ACTIONABLE. Untuk menandai error sebagai tidak dapat ditindaklanjuti, tampilkan AddOnsResponseService.ErrorActionability.NOT_ACTIONABLE.
  • Coba lagi langkah setelah terjadi error: Alur mencoba menjalankan langkah lagi hingga 5 kali sebelum berhenti. Untuk menandai error sebagai error yang dapat dicoba lagi, tampilkan AddOnsResponseService.ErrorRetryability.RETRYABLE. Untuk menandai error yang tidak dapat dicoba lagi, tampilkan AddOnsResponseService.ErrorRetryability.NOT_RETRYABLE.

Anda juga dapat membuat log error kustom dengan chip, hyperlink, dan teks bergaya untuk memberikan konteks yang lebih mendetail kepada pengguna tentang error tersebut.

Menampilkan error yang dapat ditindaklanjuti

Contoh berikut membuat langkah yang meminta pengguna memasukkan angka negatif. Jika pengguna memasukkan angka positif, langkah ini akan menampilkan error yang dapat ditindaklanjuti yang meminta pengguna untuk mengoreksi inputnya.

File manifes berikut menentukan input, output langkah, dan fungsi yang akan dipanggil untuk konfigurasi dan eksekusi.

JSON

{
  "timeZone": "America/Toronto",
  "dependencies": {},
  "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER",
  "runtimeVersion": "V8",
  "addOns": {
    "common": {
      "name": "Retry Errors Example",
      "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png",
      "useLocaleFromApp": true
    },
    "flows": {
      "workflowElements": [
        {
          "id": "returnElementError",
          "state": "ACTIVE",
          "name": "Return Element Error Action",
          "description": "To notify the user that some error has occurred",
          "workflowAction": {
            "inputs": [
              {
                "id": "value1",
                "description": "The input from the user",
                "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                "dataType": {
                  "basicType": "STRING"
                }
              }
            ],
            "outputs": [
              {
                "id": "output_1",
                "description": "The output",
                "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                "dataType": {
                  "basicType": "STRING"
                }
              }
            ],
            "onConfigFunction": "onConfiguration",
            "onExecuteFunction": "onExecution"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Kode berikut membuat kartu konfigurasi dan menangani logika eksekusi, termasuk penanganan error.

Apps Script

/**
 * Returns a configuration card for the step.
 * This card contains a text input field for the user.
 */
function onConfiguration() {
  let section = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextInput()
      .setFieldName("value1")
      .setId("value1")
      .setTitle("Please input negative numbers!"));
  const card = CardService.newCardBuilder().addSection(section).build();
  return card;
}

/**
 * Gets an integer value from variable data, handling both string and integer formats.
 * @param {Object} variableData The variable data object from the event.
 * @return {number} The extracted integer value.
 */
function getIntValue(variableData) {
  if (variableData.stringValues) {
    return parseInt(variableData.stringValues[0]);
  }
  return variableData.integerValues[0];
}

/**
 * Executes the step.
 * If the user input is a positive number, it throws an error and returns an
 * actionable error message. Otherwise, it returns the input as an output variable.
 * @param {Object} e The event object from the workflow.
 */
function onExecution(e) {
  try {
    var input_value = getIntValue(e.workflow.actionInvocation.inputs["value1"]);
    if (input_value > 0) {
      throw new Error('Found invalid positive input value!');
    }

    // If execution is successful, return the output variable and a log.
    const styledText_1 = AddOnsResponseService.newStyledText()
      .setText("Execution completed, the number you entered was: ")
      .addStyle(AddOnsResponseService.TextStyle.ITALIC)
      .addStyle(AddOnsResponseService.TextStyle.UNDERLINE);
    const styledText_2 = AddOnsResponseService.newStyledText().setText(input_value)
      .setFontWeight(AddOnsResponseService.FontWeight.BOLD);

    const workflowAction = AddOnsResponseService.newReturnOutputVariablesAction()
      .setVariables({
        "output_1": AddOnsResponseService.newVariableData().addStringValue(input_value)
      })
      .setLog(AddOnsResponseService.newWorkflowTextFormat()
        .addTextFormatElement(
          AddOnsResponseService.newTextFormatElement().setStyledText(styledText_1)
        ).addTextFormatElement(
          AddOnsResponseService.newTextFormatElement().setStyledText(styledText_2)
        ));

    let hostAppAction = AddOnsResponseService.newHostAppAction().setWorkflowAction(workflowAction);
    return AddOnsResponseService.newRenderActionBuilder().setHostAppAction(hostAppAction).build();

  } catch (err) {
    // If an error occurs, return an actionable error action.
    Logger.log('An error occurred: ' + err.message);

    const workflowAction = AddOnsResponseService.newReturnElementErrorAction()
      // Sets the user-facing error message.
      .setErrorLog(
        AddOnsResponseService.newWorkflowTextFormat()
        .addTextFormatElement(
          AddOnsResponseService.newTextFormatElement().setText("Failed because of invalid input values!"))
      )
      // Makes the error actionable, allowing the user to correct the input.
      .setErrorActionability(AddOnsResponseService.ErrorActionability.ACTIONABLE)
      // Specifies that the error is not automatically retried.
      .setErrorRetryability(AddOnsResponseService.ErrorRetryability.NOT_RETRYABLE);

    let hostAppAction = AddOnsResponseService.newHostAppAction().setWorkflowAction(workflowAction);
    return AddOnsResponseService.newRenderActionBuilder().setHostAppAction(hostAppAction).build();
  }
}

Mencoba ulang langkah setelah terjadi error

Contoh berikut membuat langkah yang menyimulasikan kegagalan sementara. Jika terjadi error, langkah ini akan menampilkan error yang dapat dicoba lagi, sehingga alur akan menjalankan kembali langkah tersebut.

File manifes menentukan langkah.

JSON

{
  "timeZone": "America/Toronto",
  "dependencies": {},
  "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER",
  "runtimeVersion": "V8",
  "addOns": {
    "common": {
      "name": "Retry Errors Example",
      "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png",
      "useLocaleFromApp": true
    },
    "flows": {
      "workflowElements": [
        {
          "id": "retryError",
          "state": "ACTIVE",
          "name": "Retry an error",
          "description": "Simulates a temporary failure and retries the step.",
          "workflowAction": {
            "inputs": [
              {
                "id": "value1",
                "description": "Any input value",
                "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                "dataType": {
                  "basicType": "STRING"
                }
              }
            ],
            "outputs": [
              {
                "id": "output_1",
                "description": "The output",
                "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                "dataType": {
                  "basicType": "STRING"
                }
              }
            ],
            "onConfigFunction": "onRetryConfiguration",
            "onExecuteFunction": "onRetryExecution"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Kode berikut membuat kartu konfigurasi dan menangani logika percobaan ulang.

Apps Script

/**
 * Returns a configuration card for the step.
 * This card contains a text input field for the user.
 */
function onRetryConfiguration() {
  let section = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextInput()
      .setFieldName("value1")
      .setId("value1")
      .setTitle("Enter any value"));
  const card = CardService.newCardBuilder().addSection(section).build();
  return card;
}

/**
 * Executes the step and simulates a transient error.
 * This function fails 80% of the time. When it fails, it returns an
 * error that can be retried.
 * @param {Object} e The event object from the workflow.
 */
function onRetryExecution(e) {
  try {
    // Simulate a transient error that fails 80% of the time.
    if (Math.random() < 0.8) {
      throw new Error('Simulated transient failure!');
    }

    // If execution is successful, return the output variable and a log.
    var input_value = e.workflow.actionInvocation.inputs["value1"].stringValues[0];
    const styledText = AddOnsResponseService.newStyledText()
      .setText(`Execution succeeded for input: ${input_value}`);

    const workflowAction = AddOnsResponseService.newReturnOutputVariablesAction()
      .setVariables({
        "output_1": AddOnsResponseService.newVariableData().addStringValue(input_value)
      })
      .setLog(AddOnsResponseService.newWorkflowTextFormat()
        .addTextFormatElement(
          AddOnsResponseService.newTextFormatElement().setStyledText(styledText)
        ));

    let hostAppAction = AddOnsResponseService.newHostAppAction().setWorkflowAction(workflowAction);
    return AddOnsResponseService.newRenderActionBuilder().setHostAppAction(hostAppAction).build();

  } catch (err) {
    // If a transient error occurs, return an error message saying the step tries to run again.
    Logger.log('A error occurred, trying to run the step again: ' + err.message);

    const workflowAction = AddOnsResponseService.newReturnElementErrorAction()
      // Sets the user-facing error message.
      .setErrorLog(
        AddOnsResponseService.newWorkflowTextFormat()
        .addTextFormatElement(
          AddOnsResponseService.newTextFormatElement().setText("A temporary error occurred. The step will be retried."))
      )
      // Makes the error not actionable by the user.
      .setErrorActionability(AddOnsResponseService.ErrorActionability.NOT_ACTIONABLE)
      // Specifies that the error is automatically retried.
      .setErrorRetryability(AddOnsResponseService.ErrorRetryability.RETRYABLE);

    let hostAppAction = AddOnsResponseService.newHostAppAction().setWorkflowAction(workflowAction);
    return AddOnsResponseService.newRenderActionBuilder().setHostAppAction(hostAppAction).build();
  }
}