Membangun aplikasi Google Chat yang menggunakan Pub/Sub

Halaman ini menjelaskan cara membuat aplikasi Chat yang menerima peristiwa dari Chat menggunakan Cloud Pub/Sub. Arsitektur ini berguna jika aplikasi Chat Anda berada di balik firewall atau jika Anda ingin mengirim atau menerima peristiwa tentang ruang atau pengguna Chat dengan Google Workspace Events API.

Diagram berikut menunjukkan arsitektur aplikasi Chat yang dibangun dengan Pub/Sub:

Arsitektur aplikasi Chat yang diimplementasikan dengan Pub/Sub.

Dalam diagram sebelumnya, pengguna yang berinteraksi dengan aplikasi Chat Pub/Sub memiliki alur informasi berikut:

  1. Pengguna berinteraksi dengan aplikasi Chat, misalnya, mengirim pesan, mengeluarkan perintah, atau menambahkan atau menghapusnya dari ruang Chat.

  2. Chat mengirim pesan ke topik Pub/Sub.

  3. Server aplikasi, yaitu sistem cloud atau lokal yang berisi logika aplikasi Chat, berlangganan topik Pub/Sub untuk menerima pesan melalui firewall.

  4. Secara opsional, aplikasi Chat dapat memanggil Chat API untuk memposting pesan secara asinkron atau melakukan operasi lainnya.

Prasyarat

Node.js

Python

Java

Mengaktifkan API

Sebelum menggunakan Google API, Anda harus mengaktifkannya di project Google Cloud. Anda dapat mengaktifkan satu atau beberapa API dalam satu project Google Cloud.

  • Di konsol Google Cloud, aktifkan Google Chat API dan Pub/Sub API.

    Aktifkan API

Menyiapkan Pub/Sub

  1. Buat topik Pub/Sub yang dapat digunakan Chat API untuk mengirim pesan. Sebaiknya gunakan satu topik per aplikasi Chat.

  2. Buat akun layanan agar aplikasi Chat dapat melakukan otorisasi dengan Pub/Sub dan Chat, lalu simpan file kunci pribadi ke direktori kerja Anda.

  3. Buat langganan pull ke topik.

  4. Tetapkan Peran Pelanggan Pub/Sub pada langganan untuk akun layanan yang Anda buat sebelumnya.

Tulis skrip

Di bagian ini, Anda menentukan logika aplikasi untuk aplikasi Chat. Anda menulis skrip yang melakukan autentikasi dengan Google Cloud dan berlangganan topik Pub/Sub untuk menerima peristiwa dari Chat, seperti saat pengguna mengirim pesan ke aplikasi Chat Anda.

Saat menerima pesan, skrip akan memproses data peristiwa dan menggunakan Google Chat API untuk memposting respons kembali ke pengguna atau ruang. Penyiapan ini memungkinkan aplikasi Chat Anda berfungsi di balik firewall sambil tetap berinteraksi dengan pengguna Chat.

Node.js

  1. Di CLI, berikan kredensial akun layanan:

    export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE_PATH

  2. Di CLI, berikan ID project Google Cloud:

    export PROJECT_ID=PROJECT_ID

  3. Di CLI, berikan ID langganan untuk langganan Pub/Sub yang sebelumnya Anda buat:

    export SUBSCRIPTION_ID=SUBSCRIPTION_ID

  4. Di direktori kerja Anda, buat file bernama package.json.

  5. Di file package.json, tempelkan kode berikut:

    {
  "name": "pub-sub-app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Google Chat App that listens for messages via Cloud Pub/Sub",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node index.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@google-apps/chat": "^0.4.0",
    "@google-cloud/pubsub": "^4.5.0"
  },
  "license": "Apache-2.0"
}

  6. Di direktori kerja Anda, buat file bernama index.js.

  7. Di index.js, tempelkan kode berikut:

    const {ChatServiceClient} = require('@google-apps/chat');
const {MessageReplyOption} = require('@google-apps/chat').protos.google.chat.v1.CreateMessageRequest;
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');
const {SubscriberClient} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub/build/src/v1');

// Receives messages from a pull subscription.
function receiveMessages() {
  const chat = new ChatServiceClient({
    keyFile: process.env.GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS,
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/chat.bot'],
  });

  const subscriptionPath = new SubscriberClient()
    .subscriptionPath(process.env.PROJECT_ID, process.env.SUBSCRIPTION_ID)
  const subscription = new PubSub()
    .subscription(subscriptionPath);

  // Handle incoming message, then acknowledge the received message
  const messageHandler = message => {
    console.log(`Id : ${message.id}`);
    const event = JSON.parse(message.data);
    console.log(`Data : ${JSON.stringify(event)}`);

    // Post the response to Google Chat.
    const request = formatRequest(event);
    if (request != null) {
      chat.createMessage(request);
    }

    // Acknowledge the message.
    message.ack();
  }

  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);
  console.log(`Listening for messages on ${subscriptionPath}`);

  // Keep main thread from exiting while waiting for messages
  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
    console.log(`Stopped listening for messages.`);
  }, 60 * 1000);
}

// Send message to Google Chat based on the type of event
function formatRequest(event) {
  const chatEvent = event.chat || {};

  // If the app was removed, we don't respond.
  if (chatEvent.removedFromSpacePayload) {
    console.log(`App removed from space.`);
    return null;
  }

  const payload = chatEvent.messagePayload || chatEvent.addedToSpacePayload;
  const spaceName = payload?.space?.name;

  if (!spaceName) {
    console.log('No space name in event.');
    return null;
  }

  if (chatEvent.addedToSpacePayload) {
    // An app can also be added to a space by @mentioning it in a
    // message. In that case, we fall through to the message case
    // and let the app respond. If the app was added using the
    // invite flow, we just post a thank you message in the space.
    return {
      parent: spaceName,
      message: { text: 'Thank you for adding me!' },
    };
  } else if (chatEvent.messagePayload) {
    // In case of message, post the response in the same thread.
    const message = chatEvent.messagePayload.message;
    return {
      parent: spaceName,
      messageReplyOption: MessageReplyOption.REPLY_MESSAGE_FALLBACK_TO_NEW_THREAD,
      message: {
        text: 'You said: `' + message.text + '`',
        thread: { name: message.thread.name },
      },
    };
  }
}

if (!process.env.PROJECT_ID) {
  console.log('Missing PROJECT_ID env var.');
  process.exit(1);
}
if (!process.env.SUBSCRIPTION_ID) {
  console.log('Missing SUBSCRIPTION_ID env var.');
  process.exit(1);
}
if (!process.env.GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS) {
  console.log('Missing GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS env var.');
  process.exit(1);
}

receiveMessages();

Python

  1. Di CLI, berikan kredensial akun layanan:

    export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE_PATH

  2. Di CLI, berikan ID project Google Cloud:

    export PROJECT_ID=PROJECT_ID

  3. Di CLI, berikan ID langganan untuk langganan Pub/Sub yang sebelumnya Anda buat:

    export SUBSCRIPTION_ID=SUBSCRIPTION_ID

  4. Di direktori kerja Anda, buat file bernama requirements.txt.

  5. Di file requirements.txt, tempelkan kode berikut:

    google-cloud-pubsub>=2.23.0
google-apps-chat==0.1.9

  6. Di direktori kerja Anda, buat file bernama app.py.

  7. Di app.py, tempelkan kode berikut:

    import json
import logging
import os
import sys
import time
from google.apps import chat_v1 as google_chat
from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.oauth2.service_account import Credentials

def receive_messages():
  """Receives messages from a pull subscription."""

  scopes = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/chat.bot']
  service_account_key_path = os.environ.get('GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS')
  creds = Credentials.from_service_account_file(service_account_key_path)
  chat = google_chat.ChatServiceClient(
      credentials=creds, client_options={'scopes': scopes}
  )

  project_id = os.environ.get('PROJECT_ID')
  subscription_id = os.environ.get('SUBSCRIPTION_ID')
  subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
  subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

  # Handle incoming message, then acknowledge the received message
  def callback(message):
    event = json.loads(message.data)
    logging.info('Data : %s', event)

    # Post the response to Google Chat.
    request = format_request(event)
    if request is not None:
      chat.create_message(request)

    # Acknowledge the message.
    message.ack()

  subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback = callback)
  logging.info('Listening for messages on %s', subscription_path)

  # Keep main thread from exiting while waiting for messages
  while True:
    time.sleep(60)

def format_request(event):
  """Send message to Google Chat based on the type of event.
  Args:
    event: A dictionary with the event data.
  """
  chat_event = event.get('chat', {})

  # If the app was removed, we don't respond.
  if 'removedFromSpacePayload' in chat_event:
    logging.info('App removed from space.')
    return

  payload = chat_event.get('messagePayload') or chat_event.get(
      'addedToSpacePayload'
  )
  space_name = payload.get('space', {}).get('name') if payload else None

  if not space_name:
    logging.warning('No space name in event.')
    return

  if 'addedToSpacePayload' in chat_event:
    # An app can also be added to a space by @mentioning it in a
    # message. In that case, we fall through to the message case
    # and let the app respond. If the app was added using the
    # invite flow, we just post a thank you message in the space.
    return google_chat.CreateMessageRequest(
        parent = space_name,
        message = {
          'text': 'Thank you for adding me!'
        }
    )
  elif 'messagePayload' in chat_event:
    # In case of message, post the response in the same thread.
    message = chat_event['messagePayload']['message']
    return google_chat.CreateMessageRequest(
        parent = space_name,
        message_reply_option = google_chat.CreateMessageRequest.MessageReplyOption.REPLY_MESSAGE_FALLBACK_TO_NEW_THREAD,
        message = {
          'text': 'You said: `' + message['text'] + '`',
          'thread': {
            'name': message['thread']['name']
          }
        }
    )

if __name__ == '__main__':
  if 'PROJECT_ID' not in os.environ:
    logging.error('Missing PROJECT_ID env var.')
    sys.exit(1)

  if 'SUBSCRIPTION_ID' not in os.environ:
    logging.error('Missing SUBSCRIPTION_ID env var.')
    sys.exit(1)

  if 'GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS' not in os.environ:
    logging.error('Missing GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS env var.')
    sys.exit(1)

  logging.basicConfig(
      level=logging.INFO,
      style='{',
      format='{levelname:.1}{asctime} {filename}:{lineno}] {message}')
  receive_messages()

Java

  1. Di CLI, berikan kredensial akun layanan:

    export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE_PATH

  2. Di CLI, berikan ID project Google Cloud:

    export PROJECT_ID=PROJECT_ID

  3. Di CLI, berikan ID langganan untuk langganan Pub/Sub yang sebelumnya Anda buat:

    export SUBSCRIPTION_ID=SUBSCRIPTION_ID

  4. Di direktori kerja Anda, buat file bernama pom.xml.

  5. Di file pom.xml, tempelkan kode berikut:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 <groupId>com.google.chat.addon</groupId>
 <artifactId>pubsub-addon-chat-app</artifactId>
 <version>0.1.0</version>

 <name>pubsub-addon-chat-app-java</name>

 <properties>
   <maven.compiler.release>11</maven.compiler.release>
   <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
 </properties>

 <dependencyManagement>
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
       <artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
       <version>26.41.0</version> <!-- Use a recent BOM version -->
       <type>pom</type>
       <scope>import</scope>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 </dependencyManagement>

 <dependencies>
   <!-- Google Chat GAPIC library -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>google-cloud-chat</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- Google Cloud Pub/Sub library -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>google-cloud-pubsub</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- Google Apps Add-ons Event Object -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.google.apps.addons.v1</groupId>
     <artifactId>google-apps-addons-v1-java</artifactId>
     <version>0.2.0</version> <!-- Check for latest version -->
   </dependency>
   <!-- Protobuf JSON utility -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
     <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- Google Auth Library -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.google.auth</groupId>
     <artifactId>google-auth-library-oauth2-http</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.google.api</groupId>
     <artifactId>gax</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- JSON utilities for PubSub message (if needed, though protobuf-java-util is primary for EventObject) -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
     <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
     <version>2.14.2</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
     <artifactId>slf4j-jdk14</artifactId>
     <version>1.7.36</version>
     <scope>runtime</scope>
   </dependency>
 </dependencies>

 <build>
   <plugins>
     <plugin>
       <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
       <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
       <version>3.13.0</version>
       <configuration>
         <source>11</source>
         <target>11</target>
       </configuration>
     </plugin>
     <plugin>
       <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
       <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
       <version>3.3.0</version>
       <configuration>
         <mainClass>Main</mainClass>
       </configuration>
     </plugin>
   </plugins>
 </build>
</project>

  6. Di direktori kerja Anda, buat struktur direktori src/main/java.

  7. Di direktori src/main/java, buat file bernama Main.java.

  8. Di Main.java, tempelkan kode berikut:

    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.google.api.gax.core.FixedCredentialsProvider;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.chat.v1.ChatServiceClient;
import com.google.chat.v1.ChatServiceSettings;
import com.google.chat.v1.CreateMessageRequest;
import com.google.chat.v1.CreateMessageRequest.MessageReplyOption;
import com.google.chat.v1.Message;
import com.google.chat.v1.Thread;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Collections;

public class Main {

  public static final String PROJECT_ID_ENV_PROPERTY = "PROJECT_ID";
  public static final String SUBSCRIPTION_ID_ENV_PROPERTY = "SUBSCRIPTION_ID";
  public static final String CREDENTIALS_PATH_ENV_PROPERTY = "GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS";

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
        ProjectSubscriptionName.of(
            System.getenv(Main.PROJECT_ID_ENV_PROPERTY),
            System.getenv(Main.SUBSCRIPTION_ID_ENV_PROPERTY));

    // Instantiate app, which implements an asynchronous message receiver.
    EchoApp echoApp = new EchoApp();

    // Create a subscriber for <var>SUBSCRIPTION_ID</var> bound to the message receiver
    final Subscriber subscriber = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, echoApp).build();
    System.out.println("Subscriber is listening to events...");
    subscriber.startAsync();

    // Wait for termination
    subscriber.awaitTerminated();
  }
}

/**
 * A demo app which implements {@link MessageReceiver} to receive messages.
 * It echoes incoming messages.
 */
class EchoApp implements MessageReceiver {

  // Path to the private key JSON file of the service account to be used for posting response
  // messages to Google Chat.
  // In this demo, we are using the same service account for authorizing with Cloud Pub/Sub to
  // receive messages and authorizing with Google Chat to post messages. If you are using
  // different service accounts, set the path to the private key JSON file of the service
  // account used to post messages to Google Chat here.
  private static final String SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_PATH =
    System.getenv(Main.CREDENTIALS_PATH_ENV_PROPERTY);

  // Developer code for Google Chat API scope.
  private static final String GOOGLE_CHAT_API_SCOPE = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/chat.bot";

  private static final String ADDED_RESPONSE = "Thank you for adding me!";

  ChatServiceClient chatServiceClient;

  EchoApp() throws Exception {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.fromStream(new FileInputStream(SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_PATH))
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(GOOGLE_CHAT_API_SCOPE));

    // Create the ChatServiceSettings with the app credentials
    ChatServiceSettings chatServiceSettings =
        ChatServiceSettings.newBuilder()
            .setCredentialsProvider(FixedCredentialsProvider.create(credential))
            .build();

    // Set the Chat service client
    chatServiceClient = ChatServiceClient.create(chatServiceSettings);
  }

  // Called when a message is received by the subscriber.
  @Override
  public void receiveMessage(PubsubMessage pubsubMessage, AckReplyConsumer consumer) {
    System.out.println("Id : " + pubsubMessage.getMessageId());
    // Handle incoming message, then acknowledge the received message
    try {
      ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
      JsonNode dataJson = mapper.readTree(pubsubMessage.getData().toStringUtf8());
      System.out.println("Data : " + dataJson.toString());
      handle(dataJson);
      consumer.ack();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      System.out.println(e);
      // Negative acknowledgement makes Pub/Sub redeliver the message.
      consumer.nack();
    }
  }

  // Send message to Google Chat based on the type of event.
  public void handle(JsonNode eventJson) throws Exception {
    // Google Chat events for add-ons are wrapped in a 'chat' object.
    if (!eventJson.has("chat")) {
      System.out.println("Ignored: Not a Chat event (missing 'chat' field).");
      return;
    }

    JsonNode chatNode = eventJson.get("chat");
    CreateMessageRequest createMessageRequest = null;

    if (chatNode.has("messagePayload")) {
      // HANDLE MESSAGE
      JsonNode messagePayload = chatNode.get("messagePayload");
      JsonNode message = messagePayload.get("message");
      JsonNode space = messagePayload.get("space");

      String spaceName = space.get("name").asText();
      String userText = message.has("text") ? message.get("text").asText() : "";
      String threadName = message.has("thread") ? message.get("thread").get("name").asText() : "";

      System.out.println("Received message in " + spaceName + ": " + userText);

      createMessageRequest =
          CreateMessageRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(spaceName)
              .setMessageReplyOption(MessageReplyOption.REPLY_MESSAGE_FALLBACK_TO_NEW_THREAD)
              .setMessage(
                  Message.newBuilder()
                      .setText("You said: `" + userText + "`")
                      .setThread(Thread.newBuilder().setName(threadName).build())
                      .build())
              .build();

    } else if (chatNode.has("addedToSpacePayload")) {
      // HANDLE ADDED TO SPACE
      JsonNode addedPayload = chatNode.get("addedToSpacePayload");
      JsonNode space = addedPayload.get("space");
      String spaceName = space.get("name").asText();

      System.out.println("Added to space: " + spaceName);

      createMessageRequest =
          CreateMessageRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(spaceName)
              .setMessage(Message.newBuilder().setText(ADDED_RESPONSE).build())
              .build();

    } else if (chatNode.has("removedFromSpacePayload")) {
      System.out.println("Removed from space.");
      return;
    } else {
      System.out.println("Ignored: Unhandled Chat event type.");
      return;
    }

    if (createMessageRequest != null) {
      // Post the response to Google Chat.
      chatServiceClient.createMessage(createMessageRequest);
      System.out.println("Sent reply.");
    }
  }
}

Mengonfigurasi aplikasi Chat

Konfigurasi aplikasi Chat di konsol Google Cloud untuk memberikan detail seperti nama dan avatar, serta menyiapkan koneksi ke topik Pub/Sub.

Dengan terhubung ke topik Pub/Sub, Anda memungkinkan Chat mengirim peristiwa ke aplikasi Anda. Skrip Anda, yang berlangganan topik, kemudian dapat menerima peristiwa ini dan merespons pengguna.

  1. Di konsol Google Cloud, buka Menu > APIs & Services > Enabled APIs & Services > Google Chat API > Configuration.

    Buka konfigurasi Chat API

  2. Konfigurasi aplikasi Chat untuk Pub/Sub:

    1. Di App name, masukkan Add-on Chat App.
    2. Di Avatar URL, masukkan https://developers.google.com/workspace/add-ons/images/quickstart-app-avatar.png.
    3. Di Deskripsi, masukkan Quickstart app.
    4. Di bagian Functionality, pilih Join spaces and group conversations.
    5. Di bagian Setelan koneksi, pilih Cloud Pub/Sub dan tempel nama topik Pub/Sub yang Anda buat sebelumnya.
    6. Di bagian Visibilitas, pilih Jadikan aplikasi Google Chat ini tersedia bagi orang dan grup tertentu di domain Anda, lalu masukkan alamat email Anda.
    7. Di bagian Logs, pilih Log errors to Logging.

  3. Klik Simpan.

Setelah mengonfigurasi aplikasi Chat, Anda harus memperbarui konfigurasi Pub/Sub.

  1. Di halaman konfigurasi Chat API, di bagian Setelan koneksi, salin Email akun layanan, yang merupakan email unik yang dibuat untuk project Google Cloud Anda.
  2. Berikan izin Chat untuk memublikasikan ke topik dengan menetapkan peran Pub/Sub Publisher ke email akun layanan yang sebelumnya Anda salin.

Aplikasi siap menerima dan membalas pesan di Chat.

Jalankan skrip:

Di CLI, beralihlah ke direktori kerja Anda dan jalankan skrip:

Node.js

npm install
npm start

Python

python -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt -U
python app.py

Java

mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=Main

Saat Anda menjalankan kode, aplikasi mulai memproses pesan yang dipublikasikan ke topik Pub/Sub.

Menguji aplikasi Chat Anda

Untuk menguji aplikasi Chat Anda, buka ruang pesan langsung dengan aplikasi Chat dan kirim pesan:

  1. Buka Google Chat menggunakan akun Google Workspace yang Anda berikan saat menambahkan diri Anda sebagai penguji tepercaya.

    Buka Google Chat

  2. Klik Chat baru.
  3. Di kolom Tambahkan 1 orang atau lebih, ketik nama aplikasi Chat Anda.

  4. Pilih aplikasi Chat Anda dari hasil. Pesan langsung akan terbuka.

  5. Di pesan langsung baru dengan aplikasi, ketik Hello, lalu tekan enter.

Untuk menambahkan penguji tepercaya dan mempelajari lebih lanjut pengujian fitur interaktif, lihat Menguji fitur interaktif untuk aplikasi Google Chat.

Memecahkan masalah

Saat aplikasi atau kartu Google Chat menampilkan error, antarmuka Chat akan menampilkan pesan yang mengatakan "Terjadi masalah". atau "Tidak dapat memproses permintaan Anda". Terkadang UI Chat tidak menampilkan pesan error apa pun, tetapi aplikasi atau kartu Chat menghasilkan hasil yang tidak terduga; misalnya, pesan kartu mungkin tidak muncul.

Meskipun pesan error mungkin tidak ditampilkan di UI Chat, pesan error deskriptif dan data log tersedia untuk membantu Anda memperbaiki error jika logging error untuk aplikasi Chat diaktifkan. Untuk mendapatkan bantuan dalam melihat, men-debug, dan memperbaiki error, lihat Memecahkan masalah dan memperbaiki error Google Chat.

Pembersihan

Agar tidak menimbulkan biaya pada akun Google Cloud Anda untuk resource yang digunakan dalam tutorial ini, sebaiknya hapus project Cloud tersebut.

  1. Di Konsol Google Cloud, buka halaman Manage resources. Klik Menu > IAM & Admin > Kelola Resource.

    Buka Resource Manager

  2. Dalam daftar project, pilih project yang ingin Anda hapus, lalu klik Hapus .
  3. Pada dialog, ketik project ID, lalu klik Shut down untuk menghapus project.