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OR-Tools is a suite of Google solvers (CP-SAT, GLOP, PDLP) and a
solver-independent interface that can be used to call a multitude of open source
and commercial solvers.
How to cite the CP-SAT solver, or the Flatzinc backend
Any publication referencing the CP-SAT solver, either directly, or through
the linear solver wrapper (with the SAT_INTEGER_PROGRAMMING tag) or the flatzinc
backend, should cite it as follows, updating the version number as appropriate:
OR-Tools CP-SAT v9.12. Laurent Perron and Frédéric Didier.
https://developers.google.com/optimization/cp/cp_solver.
BibTeX:
@software{cpsatlp,
title = {CP-SAT},
version = { v9.12 },
author = {Laurent Perron and Frédéric Didier},
organization = {Google},
url = {https://developers.google.com/optimization/cp/cp_solver/},
date = { 2025-02-17 }
}
The following video of the CPAIOR 2020 masterclass on Constraint Programming
can also be used as a reference:
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-06-05 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eOR-Tools offers a suite of solvers (CP-SAT, GLOP, PDLP) and a flexible interface for utilizing various open source and commercial solvers.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003ePublications referencing the CP-SAT solver, its linear solver wrapper, or the Flatzinc backend should cite the provided BibTeX entry for \u003ccode\u003ecpsatlp\u003c/code\u003e, adjusting the version as needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe OR-Tools routing library should be cited using the provided BibTeX entry for \u003ccode\u003eortools_routing\u003c/code\u003e, with the appropriate version number.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eFor general OR-Tools references, cite the BibTeX entry for \u003ccode\u003eortools\u003c/code\u003e, updating the version accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["OR-Tools, a Google suite with solvers like CP-SAT, offers citation guidelines for publications. To cite CP-SAT, use the provided BibTeX entry, referencing authors Laurent Perron and Frédéric Didier, and specify the current version, v9.11. For the routing library, cite authors Vincent Furnon and Laurent Perron. To reference the entire OR-Tools suite, include the authors Laurent Perron and Vincent Furnon and provide the current version and date. Citation examples are provided for other material related to the library.\n"],null,["# How to cite OR-Tools and its solvers\n\nOR-Tools is a suite of Google solvers (CP-SAT, GLOP, PDLP) and a\nsolver-independent interface that can be used to call a multitude of open source\nand commercial solvers.\n\nHow to cite the CP-SAT solver, or the Flatzinc backend\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nAny publication referencing the CP-SAT solver, either directly, or through\nthe linear solver wrapper (with the SAT_INTEGER_PROGRAMMING tag) or the flatzinc\nbackend, should cite it as follows, updating the version number as appropriate:\n\nOR-Tools CP-SAT v9.12. Laurent Perron and Frédéric Didier.\nhttps://developers.google.com/optimization/cp/cp_solver.\n\nBibTeX: \n\n @software{cpsatlp,\n title = {CP-SAT},\n version = { v9.12 },\n author = {Laurent Perron and Frédéric Didier},\n organization = {Google},\n url = {https://developers.google.com/optimization/cp/cp_solver/},\n date = { 2025-02-17 }\n }\n\nThe following video of the CPAIOR 2020 masterclass on Constraint Programming\ncan also be used as a reference:\n\nBibTeX: \n\n @misc{cpsatlp_cpaior_masterclass,\n title={CPAIOR 2020 Master Class: Constraint Programming},\n url={https://youtu.be/lmy1ddn4cyw},\n journal={CPAIOR},\n author={CPAIOR},\n year={2020},\n month={Sept.},\n }\n\nThe following abstract refers to the plenary session given at the CP2023\nconference in Toronto:\n\nBibTeX: \n\n @InProceedings{perron_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2023.3,\n author = {Perron, Laurent and Didier, Fr\\'{e}d\\'{e}ric and Gay, Steven},\n title = {The CP-SAT-LP Solver},\n booktitle = {29th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2023)},\n pages = {3:1--3:2},\n series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},\n ISBN = {978-3-95977-300-3},\n ISSN = {1868-8969},\n year = {2023},\n volume = {280},\n editor = {Yap, Roland H. C.},\n publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\\\"u}r Informatik},\n address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},\n URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2023/19040},\n URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-190405},\n doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2023.3},\n annote = {Keywords: Constraint Programming, Operations Research, Sat Solver}\n }\n\nHow to cite the routing library\n-------------------------------\n\nAny publication referencing the OR-Tools routing library should cite it as\nfollows, updating the version number as appropriate:\n\nOR-Tools Routing Library v9.12.\nVincent Furnon and Laurent Perron.\nhttps://developers.google.com/optimization/routing/.\n\nBibTeX: \n\n @software{ortools_routing,\n title = {OR-Tools Routing Library},\n version = { v9.12 },\n author = {Vincent Furnon and Laurent Perron},\n organization = {Google},\n url = {https://developers.google.com/optimization/routing/},\n date = { 2025-02-17 }\n }\n\nHow to cite the OR-Tools suite\n------------------------------\n\nAny publication referencing OR-Tools should cite it as follows, updating the\nversion number as appropriate:\n\nOR-Tools v9.12. Laurent Perron and Vincent Furnon.\nhttps://developers.google.com/optimization/.\n\nBibTeX: \n\n @software{ortools,\n title = {OR-Tools},\n version = { v9.12 },\n author = {Laurent Perron and Vincent Furnon},\n organization = {Google},\n url = {https://developers.google.com/optimization/},\n date = { 2025-02-17 }\n }"]]
