此示例展示了如何使用 timeWindows 为配送设置取件和送货时间。
如需查看完整的概念概览并了解使用 timeWindows 的更多方法，请参阅时间窗口关键概念文档。
场景 1：在时间范围内送货
以下示例演示了一种场景：一辆车必须在指定的 timeWindows内配送三批货物。
示例请求
此请求包含三个配送，每个配送都有不同的配送 TimeWindow：
shipments[0]送货时间：18:00 - 19:00shipments[1]送货时间：18:00 - 18:30shipments[2]送货时间：17:30 - 18:00
查看包含时间窗口的示例请求
{ "populatePolylines": false, "populateTransitionPolylines": false, "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 20.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
示例响应
响应显示，优化器会安排每个 visits 遵守时间窗口，首先交付具有较早时间窗口的配送。
查看对包含时间窗口的示例请求的响应
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z", "detour": "300s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:50:09Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "detour": "796s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:35Z", "detour": "1520s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z" }, { "travelDuration": "409s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1371, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "409s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:43:20Z" }, { "travelDuration": "341s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1312, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "341s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:54:19Z" }, { "travelDuration": "205s", "travelDistanceMeters": 636, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "205s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z" }, { "travelDuration": "339s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1276, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "339s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:45Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "1294s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2494s", "travelDistanceMeters": 4595 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95 }, "routeTotalCost": 73.661111111111111 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "1294s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2494s", "travelDistanceMeters": 4595 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z", "totalCost": 73.661111111111111, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95 } } }
每个运单的配送 startTime 都在其请求的时间范围内：
shipments[2]在 17:50 送达（在 17:30 - 18:00 的时间范围内）。shipments[1]在 18:00（在其 18:00 - 18:30 窗口内）送达。shipments[0]在 18:07 送达（在 18:00 - 19:00 的送达时段内）。
场景 2：因时间范围而跳过发货
以下示例演示了一种场景：某项配送的时间窗口与其他配送的时间窗口相隔太远，因此优化器跳过该配送并支付 penaltyCost 会更具成本效益。
示例请求
此请求与第一种情况相同，只是其中一个配送的配送时间范围在一天中的不同时间（晚得多）。
shipments[1]的送货时间现已调整为：21:00 - 21:30
查看无法满足的时间窗口的示例请求
{ "populatePolylines": false, "populateTransitionPolylines": false, "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 20.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
示例响应
响应显示优化器跳过了 shipment[1]。这是因为，为了配送该批货物，车辆必须额外运行几个小时，而这段时间的计算成本高于该批货物的penaltyCost 20.0。
查看对示例请求的响应，其中包含跳过运单的时间范围
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:49:38Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "detour": "946s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z" }, { "travelDuration": "409s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1371, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "409s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:42:49Z" }, { "travelDuration": "372s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1348, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "372s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:48Z" }, { "travelDuration": "339s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1276, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "339s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "1120s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1920s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3995 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332 }, "routeTotalCost": 61.283333333333331 } ], "skippedShipments": [ { "index": 1 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "1120s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1920s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3995 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z", "totalCost": 81.283333333333331, "costs": { "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 20, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95 } } }
响应中的 skippedShipments 数组显示，系统未执行 index: 1 的配送。这会影响以下费用参数：
- 该配送的
penaltyCost20.0 包含在metrics.costs中。 totalCost(81.28) 是routeTotalCost(61.28) 和penalty_cost(20.0) 的总和。
场景 3：使用软时间窗口
以下示例展示了如何使用软时间窗口，该窗口允许优化器在指定时间范围之外安排配送，但需要付出一定代价。
如需从概念上大致了解此功能，请参阅“时间窗口关键概念”文档中的软时间窗口部分。
示例请求
此请求通过将 shipment[1] 的硬性时间窗口更改为软性时间窗口，修改了之前的场景。为此，您可以使用 softStartTime 并提供 costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime。
shipment[1] 的 softStartTime 现在为 21:00，costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime 为 2.0。这意味着，如果配送时间早于 21:00，则每提前一小时就会受到一次惩罚。
查看包含硬性和软性时间窗口的请求示例
{ "populatePolylines": false, "populateTransitionPolylines": false, "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "softEndTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z", "costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0 } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "softStartTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z", "costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime": 2.0 } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 20.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z", "softEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0 } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
示例响应
响应显示，优化器现在会安排所有这三批货件。它会安排在 21:00 softStartTime之前提前交付 shipment[1]。这是最具成本效益的解决方案，因为违反软时间窗口的费用低于跳过配送的 penaltyCost，也低于让车辆在时间窗口内等待配送的费用。
查看对包含硬性和软性时间窗口的示例请求的响应
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z", "detour": "300s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "detour": "300s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:42Z", "detour": "493s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:27Z", "detour": "873s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:56:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "212s", "travelDistanceMeters": 791, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "212s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z" }, { "travelDuration": "335s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1204, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "335s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:52Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:21:37Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "953s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2153s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3455 }, "routeCosts": { "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667, "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55 }, "routeTotalCost": 64.797222222222217 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "953s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2153s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3455 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z", "totalCost": 64.797222222222217, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55, "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332, "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221 } } }
软时间窗口可带来更好的解决方案，这体现在以下改进方面：
- 所有 3 批货件均已安排，未跳过任何一批。
- 现在的
totalCost为 64.79，低于之前解决方案的费用 81.28。 routeCosts对象包含在softStartTime之前近 3 小时送达shipment[1]的费用 5.74。此费用低于 20.0 的penaltyCost，因此是最具成本效益的选项。