這個範例說明如何定義成本參數，進而影響路線最佳化 API 解決方案中使用的車輛數量。調整車輛成本後，您可以決定最佳化工具的優先目標是盡量減少使用的車輛數量，還是盡量縮短完成所有貨運所需的時間。
如需完整的概念總覽，請參閱「費用模式」基本概念。
情境 1：盡量降低車輛營運成本
這個情境說明當成本與個別車輛相關時，最佳化工具如何使用最少數量的車輛，產生最具成本效益的解決方案。
要求範例
這項要求包含下列資訊：
- 三個
shipment，每個都有不同的penaltyCost：100.0、5.0 和 50.0。 - 三個相同的
vehicle，每個的costPerHour為 50.0，costPerKilometer為 10.0。
查看包含多輛車的範例要求
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 5.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
回應範例
即使有三輛車可用，最佳化工具仍會將所有貨物指派給單一車輛，並略過一項貨物。這是最便宜的解決方案，因為營運多輛車的成本高於用一輛車運送三批貨物，並跳過一批貨物，且跳過罰款較低。
查看對多輛車輛的要求的回應
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:55Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:21:21Z", "detour": "572s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:05:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "496s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1893, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "496s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:25:31Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889 }, "routeTotalCost": 57.168888888888887 }, { "vehicleIndex": 1 }, { "vehicleIndex": 2 } ], "skippedShipments": [ { "index": 1 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "totalCost": 62.168888888888887, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889, "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53 } } }
回覆包含下列相關參數：
routes陣列包含三個物件。第一個描述vehicle[0]的路徑，而接下來兩個只包含vehicleIndex，表示未使用vehicle[1]和vehicle[2]。skippedShipments陣列顯示index: 1的運送作業已略過，因為該作業的penaltyCost最低，只有 5.0。metrics物件會確認usedVehicleCount為 1。
情境 2：盡量縮短整體解決時間
這個情境說明如何鼓勵使用更多車輛，更快完成所有出貨作業。方法是將成本模式從個別車輛的營運成本，轉移至會懲罰整個解決方案總時長的全球成本。
要求範例
這項要求包含第一個情境的下列參數變更：
- 移除每輛車上的
costPerHour。 - 新增
globalDurationCostPerHour150.0。這項費用適用於從第一輛車開始到最後一輛車完成路線的總時間。 - 將
shipment[1]的penaltyCost提高至 75.00，減少遭到略過的機率。
請參閱使用 globalDurationCostPerHour 的要求範例
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "globalDurationCostPerHour": 150.0, "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 75.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
回應範例
有了新的全球成本，最佳化工具現在會使用所有三輛車，完成所有三批貨物的運送。雖然總行駛距離較長，但平行執行路線可大幅縮短作業總時間。
使用 globalDurationCostPerHour 查看要求的回應
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:20Z", "visits": [ { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:09:19Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "409s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1371, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "409s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:29Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "580s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "980s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2036 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.36 }, "routeTotalCost": 20.36 }, { "vehicleIndex": 1, "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z", "visits": [ { "shipmentIndex": 1, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:24Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "354s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1192, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "354s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "380s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1190, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "380s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:12:34Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "734s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "1134s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2382 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 23.82 }, "routeTotalCost": 23.82 }, { "vehicleIndex": 2, "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:14Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:06:25Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "339s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1276, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "339s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:10:35Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "574s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "974s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2071 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.71 }, "routeTotalCost": 20.71 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "1888s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "3088s", "travelDistanceMeters": 6489 }, "usedVehicleCount": 3, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z", "totalCost": 112.14, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 64.89, "model.global_duration_cost_per_hour": 47.25 } } }
回應包含下列相關欄位：
routes陣列現在包含三條詳細路線，每輛車輛都分配到一項貨物。metrics.usedVehicleCount現在為 3。- 現在整體解決方案時間 (從
earliestVehicleStartTime到latestVehicleEndTime) 僅需 18 分 54 秒，相較於先前的 28 分 22 秒，縮短了近 10 分鐘。