Compila un complemento de Google Workspace con Apps Script

En esta guía de inicio rápido, se crea un complemento simple de Google Workspace que muestra páginas principales, activadores contextuales y la conexión a APIs de terceros.

El complemento crea interfaces contextuales y no contextuales en Gmail, Calendario y Drive. El complemento muestra una imagen aleatoria de un gato con texto superpuesto. El texto es estático para las páginas principales o se toma del contexto de la aplicación host para los activadores contextuales.

Objetivos

  • Configura la secuencia de comandos.
  • Ejecuta la secuencia de comandos.

Requisitos previos

Para usar esta muestra, necesitas cumplir con los siguientes requisitos previos:

  • Una Cuenta de Google (es posible que las cuentas de Google Workspace requieran la aprobación del administrador)
  • Un navegador web con acceso a Internet

Configura la secuencia de comandos

Crea el proyecto de Apps Script

  1. Para crear un nuevo proyecto de Apps Script, ve a script.new.
  2. Haz clic en Proyecto sin título.
  3. Cámbiale el nombre al proyecto de Apps Script Cats y haz clic en Cambiar nombre.
  4. Junto al archivo Code.gs, haz clic en Más > Cambiar nombre. Asígnale el nombre Common al archivo.
  5. Haz clic en Agregar un archivo > Script. Asígnale el nombre Gmail al archivo.
  6. Repite el paso 5 para crear 2 archivos de secuencia de comandos más llamados Calendar y Drive. Cuando termines, deberías tener 4 archivos de secuencia de comandos separados.

  7. Reemplaza el contenido de cada archivo por el siguiente código correspondiente:

    Common.gs

      /**
 * This simple Google Workspace add-on shows a random image of a cat in the
 * sidebar. When opened manually (the homepage card), some static text is
 * overlayed on the image, but when contextual cards are opened a new cat image
 * is shown with the text taken from that context (such as a message's subject
 * line) overlaying the image. There is also a button that updates the card with
 * a new random cat image.
 *
 * Click "File > Make a copy..." to copy the script, and "Publish > Deploy from
 * manifest > Install add-on" to install it.
 */

/**
 * The maximum number of characters that can fit in the cat image.
 */
var MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 40;

/**
 * Callback for rendering the homepage card.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user.
 */
function onHomepage(e) {
  console.log(e);
  var hour = Number(Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), e.userTimezone.id, 'H'));
  var message;
  if (hour >= 6 && hour < 12) {
    message = 'Good morning';
  } else if (hour >= 12 && hour < 18) {
    message = 'Good afternoon';
  } else {
    message = 'Good night';
  }
  message += ' ' + e.hostApp;
  return createCatCard(message, true);
}

/**
 * Creates a card with an image of a cat, overlayed with the text.
 * @param {String} text The text to overlay on the image.
 * @param {Boolean} isHomepage True if the card created here is a homepage;
 *      false otherwise. Defaults to false.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The assembled card.
 */
function createCatCard(text, isHomepage) {
  // Explicitly set the value of isHomepage as false if null or undefined.
  if (!isHomepage) {
    isHomepage = false;
  }

  // Use the "Cat as a service" API to get the cat image. Add a "time" URL
  // parameter to act as a cache buster.
  var now = new Date();
  // Replace forward slashes in the text, as they break the CataaS API.
  var caption = text.replace(/\//g, ' ');
  var imageUrl =
      Utilities.formatString('https://cataas.com/cat/says/%s?time=%s',
          encodeURIComponent(caption), now.getTime());
  var image = CardService.newImage()
      .setImageUrl(imageUrl)
      .setAltText('Meow')

  // Create a button that changes the cat image when pressed.
  // Note: Action parameter keys and values must be strings.
  var action = CardService.newAction()
      .setFunctionName('onChangeCat')
      .setParameters({text: text, isHomepage: isHomepage.toString()});
  var button = CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Change cat')
      .setOnClickAction(action)
      .setTextButtonStyle(CardService.TextButtonStyle.FILLED);
  var buttonSet = CardService.newButtonSet()
      .addButton(button);

  // Create a footer to be shown at the bottom.
  var footer = CardService.newFixedFooter()
      .setPrimaryButton(CardService.newTextButton()
          .setText('Powered by cataas.com')
          .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
              .setUrl('https://cataas.com')));

  // Assemble the widgets and return the card.
  var section = CardService.newCardSection()
      .addWidget(image)
      .addWidget(buttonSet);
  var card = CardService.newCardBuilder()
      .addSection(section)
      .setFixedFooter(footer);

  if (!isHomepage) {
    // Create the header shown when the card is minimized,
    // but only when this card is a contextual card. Peek headers
    // are never used by non-contexual cards like homepages.
    var peekHeader = CardService.newCardHeader()
      .setTitle('Contextual Cat')
      .setImageUrl('https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png')
      .setSubtitle(text);
    card.setPeekCardHeader(peekHeader)
  }

  return card.build();
}

/**
 * Callback for the "Change cat" button.
 * @param {Object} e The event object, documented {@link
 *     https://developers.google.com/gmail/add-ons/concepts/actions#action_event_objects
 *     here}.
 * @return {CardService.ActionResponse} The action response to apply.
 */
function onChangeCat(e) {
  console.log(e);
  // Get the text that was shown in the current cat image. This was passed as a
  // parameter on the Action set for the button.
  var text = e.parameters.text;

  // The isHomepage parameter is passed as a string, so convert to a Boolean.
  var isHomepage = e.parameters.isHomepage === 'true';

  // Create a new card with the same text.
  var card = createCatCard(text, isHomepage);

  // Create an action response that instructs the add-on to replace
  // the current card with the new one.
  var navigation = CardService.newNavigation()
      .updateCard(card);
  var actionResponse = CardService.newActionResponseBuilder()
      .setNavigation(navigation);
  return actionResponse.build();
}

/**
 * Truncate a message to fit in the cat image.
 * @param {string} message The message to truncate.
 * @return {string} The truncated message.
 */
function truncate(message) {
  if (message.length > MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH) {
    message = message.slice(0, MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH);
    message = message.slice(0, message.lastIndexOf(' ')) + '...';
  }
  return message;
}

    Gmail.gs

      /**
 * Callback for rendering the card for a specific Gmail message.
 * @param {Object} e The event object.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user.
 */
function onGmailMessage(e) {
  console.log(e);
  // Get the ID of the message the user has open.
  var messageId = e.gmail.messageId;

  // Get an access token scoped to the current message and use it for GmailApp
  // calls.
  var accessToken = e.gmail.accessToken;
  GmailApp.setCurrentMessageAccessToken(accessToken);

  // Get the subject of the email.
  var message = GmailApp.getMessageById(messageId);
  var subject = message.getThread().getFirstMessageSubject();

  // Remove labels and prefixes.
  subject = subject
      .replace(/^([rR][eE]|[fF][wW][dD])\:\s*/, '')
      .replace(/^\[.*?\]\s*/, '');

  // If neccessary, truncate the subject to fit in the image.
  subject = truncate(subject);

  return createCatCard(subject);
}

/**
 * Callback for rendering the card for the compose action dialog.
 * @param {Object} e The event object.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user.
 */
function onGmailCompose(e) {
  console.log(e);
  var header = CardService.newCardHeader()
      .setTitle('Insert cat')
      .setSubtitle('Add a custom cat image to your email message.');
  // Create text input for entering the cat's message.
  var input = CardService.newTextInput()
      .setFieldName('text')
      .setTitle('Caption')
      .setHint('What do you want the cat to say?');
  // Create a button that inserts the cat image when pressed.
  var action = CardService.newAction()
      .setFunctionName('onGmailInsertCat');
  var button = CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Insert cat')
      .setOnClickAction(action)
      .setTextButtonStyle(CardService.TextButtonStyle.FILLED);
  var buttonSet = CardService.newButtonSet()
      .addButton(button);
  // Assemble the widgets and return the card.
  var section = CardService.newCardSection()
      .addWidget(input)
      .addWidget(buttonSet);
  var card = CardService.newCardBuilder()
      .setHeader(header)
      .addSection(section);
  return card.build();
}

/**
 * Callback for inserting a cat into the Gmail draft.
 * @param {Object} e The event object.
 * @return {CardService.UpdateDraftActionResponse} The draft update response.
 */
function onGmailInsertCat(e) {
  console.log(e);
  // Get the text that was entered by the user.
  var text = e.formInput.text;
  // Use the "Cat as a service" API to get the cat image. Add a "time" URL
  // parameter to act as a cache buster.
  var now = new Date();
  var imageUrl = 'https://cataas.com/cat';
  if (text) {
    // Replace forward slashes in the text, as they break the CataaS API.
    var caption = text.replace(/\//g, ' ');
    imageUrl += Utilities.formatString('/says/%s?time=%s',
        encodeURIComponent(caption), now.getTime());
  }
  var imageHtmlContent = '<img style="display: block; max-height: 300px;" src="'
      + imageUrl + '"/>';
  var response = CardService.newUpdateDraftActionResponseBuilder()
      .setUpdateDraftBodyAction(CardService.newUpdateDraftBodyAction()
          .addUpdateContent(imageHtmlContent,CardService.ContentType.MUTABLE_HTML)
          .setUpdateType(CardService.UpdateDraftBodyType.IN_PLACE_INSERT))
      .build();
  return response;
}

    Calendar.gs

      /**
 * Callback for rendering the card for a specific Calendar event.
 * @param {Object} e The event object.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user.
 */
function onCalendarEventOpen(e) {
  console.log(e);
  var calendar = CalendarApp.getCalendarById(e.calendar.calendarId);
  // The event metadata doesn't include the event's title, so using the
  // calendar.readonly scope and fetching the event by it's ID.
  var event = calendar.getEventById(e.calendar.id);
  if (!event) {
    // This is a new event still being created.
    return createCatCard('A new event! Am I invited?');
  }
  var title = event.getTitle();
  // If necessary, truncate the title to fit in the image.
  title = truncate(title);
  return createCatCard(title);
}

    Drive.gs

      /**
 * Callback for rendering the card for specific Drive items.
 * @param {Object} e The event object.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user.
 */
function onDriveItemsSelected(e) {
  console.log(e);
  var items = e.drive.selectedItems;
  // Include at most 5 items in the text.
  items = items.slice(0, 5);
  var text = items.map(function(item) {
    var title = item.title;
    // If neccessary, truncate the title to fit in the image.
    title = truncate(title);
    return title;
  }).join('\n');
  return createCatCard(text);
}

  8. Haz clic en Configuración del proyecto El ícono de configuración del proyecto.

  9. Marca la casilla Mostrar el archivo de manifiesto "appsscript.json" en el editor.

  10. Haz clic en Editor .

  11. Abre el archivo appsscript.json y reemplaza el contenido por el siguiente código. Luego, haz clic en Guardar Ícono Guardar.

    appsscript.json

       {
  "timeZone": "America/New_York",
  "dependencies": {
  },
  "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER",
  "oauthScopes": [
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.addons.execute",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.addons.metadata.readonly",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.current.action.compose",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.current.message.readonly",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.execute",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.locale"],
  "runtimeVersion": "V8",
  "addOns": {
    "common": {
      "name": "Cats",
      "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png",
      "useLocaleFromApp": true,
      "homepageTrigger": {
        "runFunction": "onHomepage",
        "enabled": true
      },
      "universalActions": [{
        "label": "Learn more about Cataas",
        "openLink": "https://cataas.com"
      }]
    },
    "gmail": {
      "contextualTriggers": [{
        "unconditional": {
        },
        "onTriggerFunction": "onGmailMessage"
      }],
      "composeTrigger": {
        "selectActions": [{
          "text": "Insert cat",
          "runFunction": "onGmailCompose"
        }],
        "draftAccess": "NONE"
      }
    },
    "drive": {
      "onItemsSelectedTrigger": {
        "runFunction": "onDriveItemsSelected"
      }
    },
    "calendar": {
      "eventOpenTrigger": {
        "runFunction": "onCalendarEventOpen"
      }
    }
  }
}

Instala una implementación de prueba

  1. En tu proyecto de Apps Script, haz clic en Editor .
  2. Haz clic en Implementar > Probar implementaciones.
  3. Haz clic en Instalar > Listo.

Ejecuta la secuencia de comandos:

  1. Ve a Gmail.
  2. Para abrir el complemento, haz clic en Gatos en el panel lateral derecho.
  3. Si se te solicita, autoriza el complemento.
  4. El complemento muestra una imagen y texto de un gato. Para cambiar la imagen, haz clic en Cambiar gato.
  5. Si abres un correo electrónico mientras el complemento está abierto, la imagen se actualizará y el texto cambiará a la línea de asunto del correo electrónico (se truncará si es demasiado largo).

Puedes ver una funcionalidad similar en Calendario y Drive. No es necesario que vuelvas a autorizar el complemento para usarlo en esas apps host.

Próximos pasos