GEOS-CF rpl tavg1hr v1: Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast

  • This dataset provides hourly time-averaged meteorological replay data from NASA's high-resolution GEOS-CF system, available from 2018 to 2025.

  • It is a global constituent prediction system used for atmospheric chemistry research, offering hindcasts and 5-day forecasts of various atmospheric constituents like ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter.

  • Evaluations show realistic simulations of some pollutants, though limitations exist, such as overestimation of SO2 and aerosols in the evaluated version.

  • The dataset includes a wide range of bands detailing atmospheric composition and meteorological variables.

  • Data is available for use without prior permission under the NASA Data & Information Policy.
NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/rpl/tavg1hr
Dataset Availability
2018-01-01T00:00:00Z–2026-01-02T11:00:00Z
Dataset Producer
Earth Engine Snippet
ee.ImageCollection("NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/rpl/tavg1hr")
Tags
atmosphere composition forecast geos gmao nasa

Description

This dataset contains meteorological replay (rpl) of time-average one hour data (tavg1hr). It is built by merging the original GEOS-CF collections chm_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_v1, met_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_x1, and xgc_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_x1. The Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) system is a high-resolution (0.25°) global constituent prediction system from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office(GMAO).

GEOS-CF offers a new tool for atmospheric chemistry research, with the goal to supplement NASA's broad range of space-based and in-situ observations. GEOS-CF expands on the GEOS weather and aerosol modeling system by introducing the GEOS-Chem chemistry module to provide hindcasts and 5-days forecasts of atmospheric constituents including ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The chemistry module integrated in GEOS-CF is identical to the offline GEOS-Chem model and readily benefits from the innovations provided by the GEOS-Chem community.

Evaluation of GEOS-CF against satellite, ozonesonde, and surface observations for years 2018–2019 shows realistic simulated concentrations of O3, NO2, and CO, with normalized mean biases of −0.1 to 0.3, normalized root mean square errors between 0.1–0.4, and correlations between 0.3–0.8. Comparisons against surface observations highlight the successful representation of air pollutants in many regions of the world and during all seasons, yet also highlight current limitations, such as a global high bias in SO2 and an overprediction of summertime O3 over the Southeast United States.

GEOS-CF v1.0 generally overestimates aerosols by 20%–50% due to known issues in GEOS-Chem v12.0.1 that have been addressed in later versions. The 5-days forecasts have skill scores comparable to the 1-day hindcast. Model skills can be improved significantly by applying a bias-correction to the surface model output using a machine-learning approach.

Bands

Bands

Pixel size: 27750 meters (all bands)

Name Units Pixel Size Description
ACET Mol fraction 27750 meters

Acetone (CH3C(O)CH3, MW = 58.08 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
ALD2 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO, MW = 44.05 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
ALK4 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Lumped >= C4 Alkanes (MW = 58.12 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
AOD550_BC 27750 meters

Black carbon optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_CLOUD 27750 meters

Cloud optical depth
AOD550_DST1 27750 meters

Dust bin1 optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_DST2 27750 meters

Dust bin2 optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_DST3 27750 meters

Dust bin3 optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_DST4 27750 meters

Dust bin4 optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_DST5 27750 meters

Dust bin5 optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_DST6 27750 meters

Dust bin6 optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_DST7 27750 meters

Dust bin7 optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_DUST 27750 meters

Dust optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_OC 27750 meters

Organic carbon optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_SALA 27750 meters

Accumulation mode sea salt optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_SALC 27750 meters

Coarse mode sea salt optical depth at 550nm
AOD550_SULFATE 27750 meters

Sulfate optical depth at 550nm
BCPI Mol fraction 27750 meters

Hydrophilic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
BCPO Mol fraction 27750 meters

Hydrophobic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
BENZ Mol fraction 27750 meters

Benzene (C6H6, MW = 78.11 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
C2H6 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Ethane (C2H6, MW = 30.07 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
C3H8 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Propane (C3H8, MW = 44.10 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
CH4 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Methane (CH4, MW = 16.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
CLDTT 27750 meters

Total cloud area fraction
CO Mol fraction 27750 meters

Carbon monoxide (CO, MW = 28.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
DRYDEPFLX_BCPI molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Hydrophilic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_BCPO molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Hydrophobic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_DST1 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 0.7 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_DST2 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 1.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_DST3 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 2.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_DST4 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 4.5 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_HCHO molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_HNO3 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Nitric acid (HNO3, MW = 63.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_NH3 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Ammonia (NH3, MW = 17.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_NH4 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Ammonium (NH4, MW = 18.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_NIT molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Inorganic nitrates (MW = 62.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_NO2 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_O3 molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_OCPI molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Hydrophilic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_OCPO molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Hydrophobic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_SALA molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Fine (0.01-0.05 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DRYDEPFLX_SALC molec cm-2 s-1 27750 meters

Coarse (0.5-8 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) dry deposition flux
DST1 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 0.7 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
DST2 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 1.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
DST3 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 2.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
DST4 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 4.5 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
EOH Mol fraction 27750 meters

Ethanol (C2H5OH, MW = 46.07 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
H2O2 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, MW = 34.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
HCHO Mol fraction 27750 meters

Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
HNO3 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Nitric acid (HNO3, MW = 63.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
HNO4 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Peroxynitric acid (HNO4, MW = 79.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
ISOP Mol fraction 27750 meters

Isoprene (CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2, MW = 68.12 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
MACR Mol fraction 27750 meters

Methacrolein (CH2=C(CH3)CHO, MW = 70.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
MEK Mol fraction 27750 meters

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (RC(O)R, MW = 72.11 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
MVK Mol fraction 27750 meters

Methyl vinyl ketone (CH2=CHC(=O)CH3, MW = 70.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
N2O5 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5, MW = 108.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
NH3 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Ammonia (NH3, MW = 17.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
NH4 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Ammonium (NH4, MW = 18.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
NIT Mol fraction 27750 meters

Inorganic nitrates (MW = 62.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
NO Mol fraction 27750 meters

Nitrogen oxide (NO, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
NO2 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
NOy Mol fraction 27750 meters

Reactive nitrogen = NO NO2 HNO3 HNO4 HONO 2xN2O5 PAN OrganicNitrates AerosolNitrates
O3 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
OCPI Mol fraction 27750 meters

Hydrophilic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
OCPO Mol fraction 27750 meters

Hydrophobic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
PAN Mol fraction 27750 meters

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (CH3C(O)OONO2, MW = 121.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
PHIS m^2 s-2 27750 meters

Surface geopotential height
PM25_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PM25_RH35_GOCART kg/m^3 27750 meters

Total reconstructed PM2.5 RH 35
PM25bc_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Black carbon particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PM25du_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Dust particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PM25ni_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Nitrate particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PM25oc_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Organic carbon particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PM25soa_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Secondary organic aerosol particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PM25ss_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Seasalt particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PM25su_RH35_GCC ug m-3 27750 meters

Sulfate particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 um RH 35
PRPE Mol fraction 27750 meters

Lumped >= C3 alkenes (C3H6, MW = 42.08 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
PS Pa 27750 meters

Surface pressure
Q Mass fraction 27750 meters

Specific humidity
Q10M Mass fraction 27750 meters

10-meter specific humidity
Q2M Mass fraction 27750 meters

2-meter specific humidity
RCHO Mol fraction 27750 meters

Lumped aldehyde >= C3 (CH3CH2CHO, MW = 58.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
RH 27750 meters

Relative humidity after moist
SALA Mol fraction 27750 meters

Fine (0.01-0.05 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
SALC Mol fraction 27750 meters

Coarse (0.5-8 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
SLP Pa 27750 meters

Sea level pressure
SO2 Mol fraction 27750 meters

Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
SOAP Mol fraction 27750 meters

SOA Precursor - lumped species for simplified SOA parameterization (MW = 150.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
SOAS Mol fraction 27750 meters

SOA Simple - simplified non-volatile SOA parameterization (MW = 150.00 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
T K 27750 meters

Air temperature
T10M K 27750 meters

10-meter air temperature
T2M K 27750 meters

2-meter air temperature
TOLU Mol fraction 27750 meters

Toluene (C7H8, MW = 92.14 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
TOTCOL_BrO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Bromine monoxide (BrO, MW = 96.00 g mol-1) total column density
TOTCOL_CO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Carbon monoxide (CO, MW = 28.00 g mol-1) total column density
TOTCOL_HCHO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) total column density
TOTCOL_IO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Iodine monoxide (IO, MW = 143.00 g mol-1) total column density
TOTCOL_NO2 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) total column density
TOTCOL_O3 Dobson 27750 meters

Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) total column density
TOTCOL_SO2 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) total column density
TPREC kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Total precipitation
TROPCOL_BrO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Bromine monoxide (BrO, MW = 96.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
TROPCOL_CO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Carbon monoxide (CO, MW = 28.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
TROPCOL_HCHO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
TROPCOL_IO 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Iodine monoxide (IO, MW = 143.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
TROPCOL_NO2 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, MW = 46.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
TROPCOL_O3 Dobson 27750 meters

Ozone (O3, MW = 48.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
TROPCOL_SO2 1.0e15 molec cm-2 27750 meters

Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) tropospheric column density
TROPPB Pa 27750 meters

Tropopause pressure based on blended estimate
TS K 27750 meters

Surface skin temperature
U m/s 27750 meters

Eastward wind
U10M m/s 27750 meters

10-meter eastward wind
U2M m/s 27750 meters

2-meter eastward wind
V m/s 27750 meters

Northward wind
V10M m/s 27750 meters

10-meter northward wind
V2M m/s 27750 meters

2-meter northward wind
WETDEPFLX_BCPI kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Hydrophilic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_BCPO kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Hydrophobic black carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_DST1 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 0.7 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_DST2 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 1.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_DST3 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 2.4 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_DST4 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Dust aerosol, Reff = 4.5 microns (MW = 29.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_HCHO kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Formaldehyde (CH2O, MW = 30.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_HNO3 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Nitric acid (HNO3, MW = 63.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_NH3 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Ammonia (NH3, MW = 17.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_NH4 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Ammonium (NH4, MW = 18.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_NIT kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Inorganic nitrates (MW = 62.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_OCPI kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Hydrophilic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_OCPO kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Hydrophobic organic carbon aerosol (MW = 12.01 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_SALA kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Fine (0.01-0.05 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_SALC kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Coarse (0.5-8 microns) sea salt aerosol (MW = 31.40 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_SO2 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Sulfur dioxide (SO2, MW = 64.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
WETDEPFLX_SO4 kg/m^2/s 27750 meters

Sulfate (SO4, MW = 96.00 g mol-1) vertical integrated loss due to wet scavenging
XYLE Mol fraction 27750 meters

Xylene (C8H10, MW = 106.16 g mol-1) volume mixing ratio dry air
ZL m 27750 meters

Mid layer heights
ZPBL m 27750 meters

Planetary boundary layer height

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

Unless otherwise noted, all NASA-produced data may be used for any purpose without prior permission. For more information and exceptions visit the NASA Data & Information Policy page.

Citations

Citations:

  • Keller, C. A., Knowland, K. E., Duncan, B. N., Liu, J., Anderson, D. C., Das, S., ... & Pawson, S. (2021). Description of the NASA GEOS composition forecast modeling system GEOS-CF v1. 0. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 13(4), e2020MS002413. doi:10.1029/2020MS002413

DOIs

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

var imageVisParamNO2 = {
  'bands': ['NO2'],
  'min': 6.96e-11,
  'max': 4.42e-8,
};

var imageVisParamT = {
  'bands': ['T'],
  'min': 220,
  'max': 320,
  'palette': ['d7191c', 'fdae61', 'ffffbf', 'abd9e9', '2c7bb6'],
};

var geosCf = ee.ImageCollection('NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/rpl/tavg1hr');

Map.setCenter(100, 20, 3);

var weeklyT =
    geosCf.select('T').filterDate('2018-01-01', '2018-01-08').median();
Map.addLayer(weeklyT, imageVisParamT, 'Weekly T', false, 1);

var NO2 = ee.Image('NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/rpl/tavg1hr/20180101_0030z');
Map.addLayer(NO2, imageVisParamNO2, 'NO2', true, 1);
Open in Code Editor
This dataset contains meteorological replay (rpl) of time-average one hour data (tavg1hr). It is built by merging the original GEOS-CF collections chm_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_v1, met_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_x1, and xgc_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_x1. The Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) system is a high-resolution (0.25°) global constituent prediction system from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office(GMAO). GEOS-CF …
NASA/GEOS-CF/v1/rpl/tavg1hr, atmosphere,composition,forecast,geos,gmao,nasa
2018-01-01T00:00:00Z/2026-01-02T11:00:00Z
-90 -180 90 180
Google Earth Engine