หน้านี้อธิบายไลบรารีฝั่งไคลเอ็นต์ที่ใช้ได้กับ Maps JavaScript API หากต้องการใช้งานบริการเว็บ Places API บนเซิร์ฟเวอร์ โปรดดูที่ไคลเอ็นต์ Node.js สำหรับบริการ Google Maps หน้าเว็บที่ลิงก์นั้นแนะนำไคลเอ็นต์ Java, Python Client และ Go Client สำหรับบริการ Google Maps อีกด้วย
เกริ่นนำ
การเติมข้อความอัตโนมัติเป็นฟีเจอร์ของไลบรารี Places ใน Maps JavaScript API คุณสามารถใช้การเติมข้อความอัตโนมัติเพื่อกำหนดลักษณะการทำงานของการค้นหาแบบล่วงหน้าสำหรับช่องค้นหาของ Google Maps แก่แอปพลิเคชัน
บริการเติมข้อความอัตโนมัติสามารถจับคู่กับคำเต็มและสตริงย่อย ซึ่งจะช่วยแปลค่าชื่อสถานที่ ที่อยู่ และรหัสบวก แอปพลิเคชันจึงสามารถส่งข้อความค้นหาเมื่อผู้ใช้พิมพ์ เพื่อคาดการณ์สถานที่ได้ทันที
เริ่มต้นใช้งาน
ก่อนที่จะใช้ไลบรารี Places ใน Maps JavaScript API ก่อนอื่นให้ตรวจสอบว่าได้เปิดใช้ Places API ในคอนโซล Google Cloud ในโปรเจ็กต์เดียวกับที่คุณตั้งค่าไว้สำหรับ Maps JavaScript API
function fillInAddress() {
// Get the place details from the autocomplete object.
const place = autocomplete.getPlace();
let address1 = "";
let postcode = "";
// Get each component of the address from the place details,
// and then fill-in the corresponding field on the form.
// place.address_components are google.maps.GeocoderAddressComponent objects
// which are documented at http://goo.gle/3l5i5Mr
for (const component of place.address_components as google.maps.GeocoderAddressComponent[]) {
// @ts-ignore remove once typings fixed
const componentType = component.types[0];
switch (componentType) {
case "street_number": {
address1 = `${component.long_name} ${address1}`;
break;
}
case "route": {
address1 += component.short_name;
break;
}
case "postal_code": {
postcode = `${component.long_name}${postcode}`;
break;
}
case "postal_code_suffix": {
postcode = `${postcode}-${component.long_name}`;
break;
}
case "locality":
(document.querySelector("#locality") as HTMLInputElement).value =
component.long_name;
break;
case "administrative_area_level_1": {
(document.querySelector("#state") as HTMLInputElement).value =
component.short_name;
break;
}
case "country":
(document.querySelector("#country") as HTMLInputElement).value =
component.long_name;
break;
}
}
address1Field.value = address1;
postalField.value = postcode;
// After filling the form with address components from the Autocomplete
// prediction, set cursor focus on the second address line to encourage
// entry of subpremise information such as apartment, unit, or floor number.
address2Field.focus();
}
function fillInAddress() {
// Get the place details from the autocomplete object.
const place = autocomplete.getPlace();
let address1 = "";
let postcode = "";
// Get each component of the address from the place details,
// and then fill-in the corresponding field on the form.
// place.address_components are google.maps.GeocoderAddressComponent objects
// which are documented at http://goo.gle/3l5i5Mr
for (const component of place.address_components) {
// @ts-ignore remove once typings fixed
const componentType = component.types[0];
switch (componentType) {
case "street_number": {
address1 = `${component.long_name} ${address1}`;
break;
}
case "route": {
address1 += component.short_name;
break;
}
case "postal_code": {
postcode = `${component.long_name}${postcode}`;
break;
}
case "postal_code_suffix": {
postcode = `${postcode}-${component.long_name}`;
break;
}
case "locality":
document.querySelector("#locality").value = component.long_name;
break;
case "administrative_area_level_1": {
document.querySelector("#state").value = component.short_name;
break;
}
case "country":
document.querySelector("#country").value = component.long_name;
break;
}
}
address1Field.value = address1;
postalField.value = postcode;
// After filling the form with address components from the Autocomplete
// prediction, set cursor focus on the second address line to encourage
// entry of subpremise information such as apartment, unit, or floor number.
address2Field.focus();
}
window.initAutocomplete = initAutocomplete;
var defaultBounds = new google.maps.LatLngBounds(
new google.maps.LatLng(-33.8902, 151.1759),
new google.maps.LatLng(-33.8474, 151.2631));
var input = document.getElementById('searchTextField');
var searchBox = new google.maps.places.SearchBox(input, {
bounds: defaultBounds
});
// Listen for the event fired when the user selects a prediction and retrieve
// more details for that place.
searchBox.addListener("places_changed", () => {
const places = searchBox.getPlaces();
if (places.length == 0) {
return;
}
// Clear out the old markers.
markers.forEach((marker) => {
marker.setMap(null);
});
markers = [];
// For each place, get the icon, name and location.
const bounds = new google.maps.LatLngBounds();
places.forEach((place) => {
if (!place.geometry || !place.geometry.location) {
console.log("Returned place contains no geometry");
return;
}
const icon = {
url: place.icon as string,
size: new google.maps.Size(71, 71),
origin: new google.maps.Point(0, 0),
anchor: new google.maps.Point(17, 34),
scaledSize: new google.maps.Size(25, 25),
};
// Create a marker for each place.
markers.push(
new google.maps.Marker({
map,
icon,
title: place.name,
position: place.geometry.location,
})
);
if (place.geometry.viewport) {
// Only geocodes have viewport.
bounds.union(place.geometry.viewport);
} else {
bounds.extend(place.geometry.location);
}
});
map.fitBounds(bounds);
});
// Listen for the event fired when the user selects a prediction and retrieve
// more details for that place.
searchBox.addListener("places_changed", () => {
const places = searchBox.getPlaces();
if (places.length == 0) {
return;
}
// Clear out the old markers.
markers.forEach((marker) => {
marker.setMap(null);
});
markers = [];
// For each place, get the icon, name and location.
const bounds = new google.maps.LatLngBounds();
places.forEach((place) => {
if (!place.geometry || !place.geometry.location) {
console.log("Returned place contains no geometry");
return;
}
const icon = {
url: place.icon,
size: new google.maps.Size(71, 71),
origin: new google.maps.Point(0, 0),
anchor: new google.maps.Point(17, 34),
scaledSize: new google.maps.Size(25, 25),
};
// Create a marker for each place.
markers.push(
new google.maps.Marker({
map,
icon,
title: place.name,
position: place.geometry.location,
}),
);
if (place.geometry.viewport) {
// Only geocodes have viewport.
bounds.union(place.geometry.viewport);
} else {
bounds.extend(place.geometry.location);
}
});
map.fitBounds(bounds);
});
// This example retrieves autocomplete predictions programmatically from the
// autocomplete service, and displays them as an HTML list.
// This example requires the Places library. Include the libraries=places
// parameter when you first load the API. For example:
// <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&libraries=places">
function initService(): void {
const displaySuggestions = function (
predictions: google.maps.places.QueryAutocompletePrediction[] | null,
status: google.maps.places.PlacesServiceStatus
) {
if (status != google.maps.places.PlacesServiceStatus.OK || !predictions) {
alert(status);
return;
}
predictions.forEach((prediction) => {
const li = document.createElement("li");
li.appendChild(document.createTextNode(prediction.description));
(document.getElementById("results") as HTMLUListElement).appendChild(li);
});
};
const service = new google.maps.places.AutocompleteService();
service.getQueryPredictions({ input: "pizza near Syd" }, displaySuggestions);
}
declare global {
interface Window {
initService: () => void;
}
}
window.initService = initService;
// This example retrieves autocomplete predictions programmatically from the
// autocomplete service, and displays them as an HTML list.
// This example requires the Places library. Include the libraries=places
// parameter when you first load the API. For example:
// <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&libraries=places">
function initService() {
const displaySuggestions = function (predictions, status) {
if (status != google.maps.places.PlacesServiceStatus.OK || !predictions) {
alert(status);
return;
}
predictions.forEach((prediction) => {
const li = document.createElement("li");
li.appendChild(document.createTextNode(prediction.description));
document.getElementById("results").appendChild(li);
});
};
const service = new google.maps.places.AutocompleteService();
service.getQueryPredictions({ input: "pizza near Syd" }, displaySuggestions);
}
window.initService = initService;
<html>
<head>
<title>Retrieving Autocomplete Predictions</title>
<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=default"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<p>Query suggestions for 'pizza near Syd':</p>
<ul id="results"></ul>
<!-- Replace Powered By Google image src with self hosted image. https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/places/web-service/policies#other_attribution_requirements -->
<img
class="powered-by-google"
src="https://storage.googleapis.com/geo-devrel-public-buckets/powered_by_google_on_white.png"
alt="Powered by Google"
/>
<!--
The `defer` attribute causes the callback to execute after the full HTML
document has been parsed. For non-blocking uses, avoiding race conditions,
and consistent behavior across browsers, consider loading using Promises.
See https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/load-maps-js-api
for more information.
-->
<script
src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyB41DRUbKWJHPxaFjMAwdrzWzbVKartNGg&callback=initService&libraries=places&v=weekly"
defer
></script>
</body>
</html>
// Create a new session token.
var sessionToken = new google.maps.places.AutocompleteSessionToken();
// Pass the token to the autocomplete service.
var autocompleteService = new google.maps.places.AutocompleteService();
autocompleteService.getPlacePredictions({
input: 'pizza near Syd',
sessionToken: sessionToken
},
displaySuggestions);
