개요
OAuth 기반 Google 로그인 간소화된 연결은 OAuth 연결 위에 Google 로그인을 추가합니다. 이렇게 하면 Google 사용자에게 원활한 연결 환경이 제공되고 계정 생성도 가능해 사용자가 Google 계정을 사용하여 서비스에서 새 계정을 만들 수 있습니다.
OAuth 및 Google 로그인을 사용하여 계정 연결을 실행하려면 다음과 같은 일반적인 단계를 따르세요.
- 먼저 사용자에게 Google 프로필에 액세스할 수 있도록 동의해 달라고 요청합니다.
- 프로필의 정보를 사용하여 사용자 계정이 있는지 확인합니다.
- 기존 사용자의 경우 계정을 연결합니다.
- 인증 시스템에서 일치하는 Google 사용자를 찾을 수 없는 경우 Google에서 수신한 ID 토큰의 유효성을 검사합니다. 그런 다음 ID 토큰에 포함된 프로필 정보를 기반으로 사용자를 만들 수 있습니다.

그림 1. 간소화된 연결을 사용하여 사용자 휴대전화에서 계정 연결
간소화된 연결의 요구사항
- 기본 웹 OAuth 연결 흐름을 구현합니다. 서비스는 OAuth 2.0을 준수하는 승인 및 토큰 교환 엔드포인트를 지원해야 합니다.
- 토큰 교환 엔드포인트는 JSON 웹 토큰 (JWT) 어설션을 지원하고
check
,create
,get
인텐트를 구현해야 합니다.
OAuth 서버 구현
토큰 교환 엔드포인트는 check
, create
, get
인텐트를 지원해야 합니다. 아래는 계정 연결 흐름을 통해 완료된 단계를 보여주고 다양한 인텐트가 호출되는 시점을 나타냅니다.
- 사용자에게 인증 시스템에 계정이 있나요? (사용자가 예 또는 아니요를 선택하여 결정)
- 예 : 사용자가 Google 계정과 연결된 이메일을 사용하여 플랫폼에 로그인하나요? (사용자가 예 또는 아니요를 선택하여 결정)
- 예 : 사용자의 인증 시스템에 일치하는 계정이 있나요? (확인을 위해
check intent
이 호출됨)- 예 : getIntent가 성공적으로 반환되면
get intent
이 호출되고 계정이 연결됩니다. - 아니요 : 새 계정 만들기 (사용자가 예 또는 아니요를 선택하여 결정)
- 예 : create 인텐트가 성공적으로 반환되면
create intent
이 호출되고 계정이 연결됩니다. - 아니요 : 웹 OAuth 흐름이 트리거되고 사용자는 브라우저로 이동하며 다른 이메일로 연결할 수 있는 옵션이 제공됩니다.
- 예 : create 인텐트가 성공적으로 반환되면
- 예 : getIntent가 성공적으로 반환되면
- 아니요 : 웹 OAuth 흐름이 트리거되고 사용자는 브라우저로 이동하며 다른 이메일로 연결할 수 있는 옵션이 제공됩니다.
- 예 : 사용자의 인증 시스템에 일치하는 계정이 있나요? (확인을 위해
- 아니요 : 사용자에게 인증 시스템에 일치하는 계정이 있나요? (확인을 위해
check intent
이 호출됨)- 예 : getIntent가 성공적으로 반환되면
get intent
이 호출되고 계정이 연결됩니다. - 아니요 :
create intent
가 호출되고 create 인텐트가 성공적으로 반환되면 계정이 연결됩니다.
- 예 : getIntent가 성공적으로 반환되면
- 예 : 사용자가 Google 계정과 연결된 이메일을 사용하여 플랫폼에 로그인하나요? (사용자가 예 또는 아니요를 선택하여 결정)
기존 사용자 계정 확인 (인텐트 확인)
사용자가 Google 프로필 액세스에 동의하면 Google에서는 Google 사용자 ID의 서명된 어설션이 포함된 요청입니다. 이 어설션에는 사용자의 Google 계정 ID, 사용자 이름, 이메일 주소 등이 포함되어 있습니다 해당 요청을 처리합니다
해당 Google 계정이 이미 인증에 있는 경우
토큰 교환 엔드포인트는 account_found=true
로 응답합니다. 만약
Google 계정이 기존 사용자와 일치하지 않습니다. 토큰 교환 엔드포인트입니다.
account_found=false
와 함께 HTTP 404 Not Found 오류를 반환합니다.
요청의 형식은 다음과 같습니다.
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
토큰 교환 엔드포인트는 다음 매개변수를 처리할 수 있어야 합니다.
토큰 엔드포인트 매개변수 | |
---|---|
intent |
이러한 요청에서 이 매개변수의 값은
check |
grant_type |
교환되는 토큰의 유형입니다. 이러한 요청의 경우
매개변수의 값은 urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer 입니다. |
assertion |
Google API의 서명된 어설션을 제공하는 JSON 웹 토큰 (JWT)입니다. 사용자 ID입니다. JWT에는 사용자의 Google 계정 ID, 이름, 이메일 주소 |
client_id |
Google에 할당한 클라이언트 ID입니다. |
client_secret |
Google에 할당한 클라이언트 비밀번호입니다. |
check
인텐트 요청에 응답하려면 토큰 교환 엔드포인트가 다음 단계를 수행해야 합니다.
- JWT 어설션을 검증하고 디코딩합니다.
- 해당 Google 계정이 인증 시스템에 이미 있는지 확인합니다.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verified
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Google 계정이 인증 시스템에 이미 있는지 확인
다음 조건 중 하나가 충족되는지 확인합니다.
- 어설션의
sub
필드에서 찾을 수 있는 Google 계정 ID는 사용자에 있습니다. 데이터베이스입니다. - 어설션의 이메일 주소가 사용자 데이터베이스의 사용자와 일치합니다.
두 조건 중 하나라도 충족되면 사용자가 이미 가입한 것입니다. 이 경우 다음과 같은 응답을 반환합니다.
HTTP/1.1 200 Success Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"true", }
어설션이 데이터베이스의 사용자와 일치하지만 사용자가 아직 가입하지 않았습니다. 포함
이 경우 토큰 교환 엔드포인트가 HTTP 404 오류로 응답해야 합니다.
다음 예와 같이 "account_found": "false"
를 지정합니다.
HTTP/1.1 404 Not found Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"false", }
Handle automatic linking (get intent)
After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.
If the corresponding Google Account is already present in your authentication
system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the
Google Account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint
returns a linking_error
error and optional login_hint
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is get . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
scope |
Optional: Any scopes that you've configured Google to request from users. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
To respond to the get
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verified
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If an account is found for the user, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
In some cases, account linking based on ID token might fail for the user. If it
does so for any reason, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP
401 error that specifies error=linking_error
, as the following example shows:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error
, Google sends
the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint
as a parameter. The
user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.
Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)
When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request
to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is create . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
The JWT within the assertion
parameter contains the user's Google Account ID,
name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your
service.
To respond to the create
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Validate user information and create new account.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verified
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Validate user information and create new account
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account
with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error
that specifies error=linking_error
and gives the user's email address as the
login_hint
. The following is a sample response:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error
, Google sends
the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint
as a parameter. The
user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.
If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.
When the creation is completed, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
Google API 클라이언트 ID 가져오기
계정 연결 등록 과정에서 Google API 클라이언트 ID를 제공해야 합니다.
OAuth 연결 단계를 완료하는 동안 만든 프로젝트를 사용하여 API 클라이언트 ID를 가져옵니다. 그러려면 다음 단계를 완료하세요.
Google API 프로젝트를 만들거나 선택합니다.
프로젝트에 웹 애플리케이션 유형의 클라이언트 ID가 없는 경우 클라이언트 만들기를 클릭하여 클라이언트 ID를 만듭니다. 승인된 JavaScript 원본 상자에 사이트의 도메인을 포함해야 합니다. 로컬 테스트 또는 개발을 실행할 때는 승인된 JavaScript 출처 필드에
http://localhost
와http://localhost:<port_number>
를 모두 추가해야 합니다.
구현 확인
You can validate your implementation by using the OAuth 2.0 Playground tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click Configuration to open the OAuth 2.0 Configuration window.
- In the OAuth flow field, select Client-side.
- In the OAuth Endpoints field, select Custom.
- Specify your OAuth 2.0 endpoint and the client ID you assigned to Google in the corresponding fields.
- In the Step 1 section, don't select any Google scopes. Instead, leave this field blank or type a scope valid for your server (or an arbitrary string if you don't use OAuth scopes). When you're done, click Authorize APIs.
- In the Step 2 and Step 3 sections, go through the OAuth 2.0 flow and verify that each step works as intended.
You can validate your implementation by using the Google Account Linking Demo tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click the Sign-in with Google button.
- Choose the account you'd like to link.
- Enter the service ID.
- Optionally enter one or more scopes that you will request access for.
- Click Start Demo.
- When prompted, confirm that you may consent and deny the linking request.
- Confirm that you are redirected to your platform.