Descripción general
La vinculación optimizada para el Acceso con Google basada en OAuth agrega el Acceso con Google además de la vinculación OAuth. Esto proporciona una experiencia de vinculación fluida a los usuarios de Google y también permite la creación de cuentas, lo que permite al usuario crear una nueva cuenta en tu servicio con su Cuenta de Google.
Para vincular cuentas con OAuth y el Acceso con Google, sigue estos pasos generales:
- Primero, pídele al usuario que dé su consentimiento para acceder a su perfil de Google.
- Usa la información de su perfil para verificar si la cuenta de usuario existe.
- Para los usuarios existentes, vincule las cuentas.
- Si no puedes encontrar una coincidencia para el usuario de Google en tu sistema de autenticación, valida el token de ID recibido de Google. Luego, puedes crear un usuario en función de la información de perfil que contiene el token de ID.

Figura 1: Vinculación de cuentas en el teléfono de un usuario con la Vinculación optimizada
Requisitos de la vinculación optimizada
- Implementa el flujo de vinculación web OAuth básica. Tu servicio debe ser compatible con los extremos de autorización y intercambio de tokens que cumplan con OAuth 2.0.
- El extremo del intercambio de tokens debe admitir aserciones de token web JSON (JWT) e implementar los intents
check
,create
yget
.
Implementa tu servidor OAuth
Tu extremo de intercambio de tokens debe admitir los intents check
, create
y get
. A continuación, se muestran los pasos completados a través del flujo de vinculación de la cuenta y se indica cuándo se llama a los diferentes intents:
- ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta en tu sistema de autenticación? (El usuario elige SÍ o NO)
- SÍ: ¿El usuario usa el correo electrónico asociado con su Cuenta de Google para acceder a tu plataforma? (El usuario elige SÍ o NO)
- SÍ: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (
check intent
se llama para confirmar)- SÍ : Se llama a
get intent
y la cuenta se vincula si el intent get se muestra correctamente. - NO: ¿Desea crear una cuenta nueva? (El usuario elige SÍ o NO)
- SÍ : Se llama a
create intent
y la cuenta se vincula si se muestra correctamente el intent de creación. - NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se dirige al usuario a su navegador y se le da la opción de vincularlo con un correo electrónico diferente.
- SÍ : Se llama a
- SÍ : Se llama a
- NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se redirecciona al usuario a su navegador y se le da la opción de vincularlo con un correo electrónico diferente.
- SÍ: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (
- NO: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (
check intent
se llama para confirmar)- SÍ : Se llama a
get intent
y la cuenta se vincula si el intent get se muestra correctamente. - NO : Se llama a
create intent
, y la cuenta se vincula si se crea correctamente el intent de creación.
- SÍ : Se llama a
- SÍ: ¿El usuario usa el correo electrónico asociado con su Cuenta de Google para acceder a tu plataforma? (El usuario elige SÍ o NO)
Verificar una cuenta de usuario existente (verificar intent)
Después de que el usuario da su consentimiento para acceder a su perfil de Google, Google envía una solicitud que contiene una aserción firmada de la identidad del usuario de Google. La aserción contiene información que incluye el ID, el nombre y la dirección de correo electrónico de la Cuenta de Google del usuario. El extremo de intercambio de tokens configurado para tu proyecto controla esa solicitud.
Si la Cuenta de Google correspondiente ya está presente en el sistema de autenticación, tu extremo de intercambio de tokens responde con account_found=true
. Si la Cuenta de Google no coincide con un usuario existente, el extremo del intercambio de tokens muestra un error HTTP 404 Not Found (No encontrado) con account_found=false
.
La solicitud tiene el siguiente formato:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
El extremo del intercambio de tokens debe admitir los siguientes parámetros:
Parámetros del extremo del token | |
---|---|
intent |
Para estas solicitudes, el valor de este parámetro es check . |
grant_type |
El tipo de token que se intercambia. Para estas solicitudes, este parámetro tiene el valor urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
Un token web JSON (JWT) que proporciona una aserción firmada de la identidad del usuario de Google. El JWT contiene información que incluye el ID, el nombre y la dirección de correo electrónico de la Cuenta de Google del usuario. |
client_id |
El ID de cliente que le asignaste a Google |
client_secret |
El secreto de cliente que asignaste a Google |
Para responder a las solicitudes de intent check
, el extremo de intercambio de tokens debe realizar los siguientes pasos:
- Valida y decodifica la aserción de JWT.
- Verifica si la Cuenta de Google ya está presente en el sistema de autenticación.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verfied
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Verifica si la Cuenta de Google ya está presente en el sistema de autenticación
Verifica si se cumple alguna de las siguientes condiciones:
- El ID de la Cuenta de Google, que se encuentra en el campo
sub
de la aserción, se encuentra en tu base de datos de usuarios. - La dirección de correo electrónico en la aserción coincide con un usuario de la base de datos de usuarios.
Si se cumple alguna de las dos condiciones, el usuario ya se registró. En ese caso, muestra una respuesta como la siguiente:
HTTP/1.1 200 Success Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"true", }
Si ni el ID de la Cuenta de Google ni la dirección de correo electrónico especificada en la aserción coinciden con un usuario de la base de datos, este todavía no se registró. En este caso, el extremo del intercambio de tokens debe responder con un error HTTP 404 que especifique "account_found": "false"
, como en el siguiente ejemplo:
HTTP/1.1 404 Not found Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"false", }
Handle automatic linking (get intent)
After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.
If the corresponding Google Account is already present in your authentication
system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the
Google Account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint
returns a linking_error
error and optional login_hint
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is get . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
scope |
Optional: Any scopes that you've configured Google to request from users. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
To respond to the get
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verfied
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If an account is found for the user, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
In some cases, account linking based on ID token might fail for the user. If it
does so for any reason, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP
401 error that specifies error=linking_error
, as the following example shows:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error
, Google sends
the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint
as a parameter. The
user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.
Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)
When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request
to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is create . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
The JWT within the assertion
parameter contains the user's Google Account ID,
name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your
service.
To respond to the create
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Validate user information and create new account.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verfied
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Validate user information and create new account
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account
with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error
that specifies error=linking_error
and gives the user's email address as the
login_hint
. The following is a sample response:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error
, Google sends
the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint
as a parameter. The
user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.
If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.
When the creation is completed, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
Obtén tu ID de cliente de la API de Google
Deberá proporcionar su ID de cliente de la API de Google durante el proceso de registro de la vinculación de cuentas.
Para obtener tu ID de cliente de la API mediante el proyecto que creaste mientras completaste los pasos de vinculación de OAuth. Para ello, completa los siguientes pasos:
- Abre la página Credenciales de la consola de la API de Google.
Crea o selecciona un proyecto de las API de Google.
Si tu proyecto no tiene un ID de cliente para el tipo de aplicación web, haz clic en Crear credenciales > ID de cliente de OAuth para crear uno. Asegúrate de incluir el dominio de tu sitio en el cuadro Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript. Cuando realizas pruebas o desarrollos locales, debes agregar
http://localhost
yhttp://localhost:<port_number>
al campo Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript.
Cómo validar la implementación
You can validate your implementation by using the OAuth 2.0 Playground tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click Configuration to open the OAuth 2.0 Configuration window.
- In the OAuth flow field, select Client-side.
- In the OAuth Endpoints field, select Custom.
- Specify your OAuth 2.0 endpoint and the client ID you assigned to Google in the corresponding fields.
- In the Step 1 section, don't select any Google scopes. Instead, leave this field blank or type a scope valid for your server (or an arbitrary string if you don't use OAuth scopes). When you're done, click Authorize APIs.
- In the Step 2 and Step 3 sections, go through the OAuth 2.0 flow and verify that each step works as intended.
You can validate your implementation by using the Google Account Linking Demo tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click the Sign-in with Google button.
- Choose the account you'd like to link.
- Enter the service ID.
- Optionally enter one or more scopes that you will request access for.
- Click Start Demo.
- When prompted, confirm that you may consent and deny the linking request.
- Confirm that you are redirected to your platform.