程式設計層級：新手
時間長度：15 分鐘
專案類型：透過時間導向的觸發條件自動化
目標
- 瞭解解決方案的功能。
- 瞭解 Apps Script 服務在解決方案中的功能。
- 設定指令碼。
- 執行指令碼。
認識這項解決方案
共用日曆是協助團隊協同合作的絕佳工具，每個人都能快速判斷誰在辦公室。這個解決方案可讓您查看同事何時不在辦公室，不需要手動輸入。
運作方式
這項解決方案會根據 Google 網路論壇中每個人的個別日曆，填入共用的度假日曆。有人預約休息時，他們會使用「休假」或「不在辦公室」等關鍵字，在個人的 Google 日曆中新增活動。
指令碼每小時都會掃描群組中成員的日曆，並將適當的事件同步至共用日曆。您可以變更指令碼掃描新事件的頻率。
這項解決方案只能存取同事透過其隱私權設定向您顯示的日曆活動。
Apps Script 服務
這項解決方案會使用以下服務：
必要條件
如要使用這個範例，您必須具備以下先決條件：
- Google 帳戶 (Google Workspace 帳戶可能需要管理員核准)。
- 可連上網際網路的網路瀏覽器。
設定指令碼
建立團隊假期日曆
- 開啟 Google 日曆。
- 建立名為「團隊度假」的新日曆。
- 在日曆設定的「整合日曆」下方，複製「日曆 ID」。
建立 Apps Script 專案
- 點選以下按鈕，開啟「Vacation Calendar」Apps Script 專案。
開啟專案
- 按一下「Overview」info_outline。
- 在總覽頁面上，按一下「Create a copy」(建立副本)
。
- 在複製的 Apps Script 專案中，將變數
TEAM_CALENDAR_ID 設為您先前建立的日曆 ID。
- 將變數
GROUP_EMAIL 設為包含團隊成員的 Google 群組電子郵件地址。
- 按一下「Service」旁邊的「新增服務」圖示 add。
- 選取「Google Calendar API」，然後按一下「新增」。
執行指令碼
- 在複製的 Apps Script 專案中，在函式下拉式選單中選取「setup」setup。
- 按一下「執行」。
出現提示訊息時，請授權指令碼。如果 OAuth 同意畫面顯示警告，請依序選取「Advanced」>「Go to {Project Name} (unsafe)」繼續操作。
完成後，請返回日曆，確認「團隊假期」日曆已填入活動。
檢查程式碼
如要查看這個解決方案的 Apps Script 程式碼，請點選下方的「查看原始碼」：
查看原始碼
Code.gs
// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples/automations/vacation-calendar
/*
Copyright 2022 Google LLC
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
// Set the ID of the team calendar to add events to. You can find the calendar's
// ID on the settings page.
let TEAM_CALENDAR_ID = 'ENTER_TEAM_CALENDAR_ID_HERE';
// Set the email address of the Google Group that contains everyone in the team.
// Ensure the group has less than 500 members to avoid timeouts.
// Change to an array in order to add indirect members frrm multiple groups, for example:
// let GROUP_EMAIL = ['ENTER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE', 'ENTER_ANOTHER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE'];
let GROUP_EMAIL = 'ENTER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE';
let ONLY_DIRECT_MEMBERS = false;
let KEYWORDS = ['vacation', 'ooo', 'out of office', 'offline'];
let MONTHS_IN_ADVANCE = 3;
/**
* Sets up the script to run automatically every hour.
*/
function setup() {
let triggers = ScriptApp.getProjectTriggers();
if (triggers.length > 0) {
throw new Error('Triggers are already setup.');
}
ScriptApp.newTrigger('sync').timeBased().everyHours(1).create();
// Runs the first sync immediately.
sync();
}
/**
* Looks through the group members' public calendars and adds any
* 'vacation' or 'out of office' events to the team calendar.
*/
function sync() {
// Defines the calendar event date range to search.
let today = new Date();
let maxDate = new Date();
maxDate.setMonth(maxDate.getMonth() + MONTHS_IN_ADVANCE);
// Determines the time the the script was last run.
let lastRun = PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('lastRun');
lastRun = lastRun ? new Date(lastRun) : null;
// Gets the list of users in the Google Group.
let users = getAllMembers(GROUP_EMAIL);
if (ONLY_DIRECT_MEMBERS){
users = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(GROUP_EMAIL).getUsers();
} else if (Array.isArray(GROUP_EMAIL)) {
users = getUsersFromGroups(GROUP_EMAIL);
}
// For each user, finds events having one or more of the keywords in the event
// summary in the specified date range. Imports each of those to the team
// calendar.
let count = 0;
users.forEach(function(user) {
let username = user.getEmail().split('@')[0];
KEYWORDS.forEach(function(keyword) {
let events = findEvents(user, keyword, today, maxDate, lastRun);
events.forEach(function(event) {
importEvent(username, event);
count++;
}); // End foreach event.
}); // End foreach keyword.
}); // End foreach user.
PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().setProperty('lastRun', today);
console.log('Imported ' + count + ' events');
}
/**
* Imports the given event from the user's calendar into the shared team
* calendar.
* @param {string} username The team member that is attending the event.
* @param {Calendar.Event} event The event to import.
*/
function importEvent(username, event) {
event.summary = '[' + username + '] ' + event.summary;
event.organizer = {
id: TEAM_CALENDAR_ID,
};
event.attendees = [];
// If the event is not of type 'default', it can't be imported, so it needs
// to be changed.
if (event.eventType != 'default') {
event.eventType = 'default';
delete event.outOfOfficeProperties;
delete event.focusTimeProperties;
}
console.log('Importing: %s', event.summary);
try {
Calendar.Events.import(event, TEAM_CALENDAR_ID);
} catch (e) {
console.error('Error attempting to import event: %s. Skipping.',
e.toString());
}
}
/**
* In a given user's calendar, looks for occurrences of the given keyword
* in events within the specified date range and returns any such events
* found.
* @param {Session.User} user The user to retrieve events for.
* @param {string} keyword The keyword to look for.
* @param {Date} start The starting date of the range to examine.
* @param {Date} end The ending date of the range to examine.
* @param {Date} optSince A date indicating the last time this script was run.
* @return {Calendar.Event[]} An array of calendar events.
*/
function findEvents(user, keyword, start, end, optSince) {
let params = {
q: keyword,
timeMin: formatDateAsRFC3339(start),
timeMax: formatDateAsRFC3339(end),
showDeleted: true,
};
if (optSince) {
// This prevents the script from examining events that have not been
// modified since the specified date (that is, the last time the
// script was run).
params.updatedMin = formatDateAsRFC3339(optSince);
}
let pageToken = null;
let events = [];
do {
params.pageToken = pageToken;
let response;
try {
response = Calendar.Events.list(user.getEmail(), params);
} catch (e) {
console.error('Error retriving events for %s, %s: %s; skipping',
user, keyword, e.toString());
continue;
}
events = events.concat(response.items.filter(function(item) {
return shouldImportEvent(user, keyword, item);
}));
pageToken = response.nextPageToken;
} while (pageToken);
return events;
}
/**
* Determines if the given event should be imported into the shared team
* calendar.
* @param {Session.User} user The user that is attending the event.
* @param {string} keyword The keyword being searched for.
* @param {Calendar.Event} event The event being considered.
* @return {boolean} True if the event should be imported.
*/
function shouldImportEvent(user, keyword, event) {
// Filters out events where the keyword did not appear in the summary
// (that is, the keyword appeared in a different field, and are thus
// is not likely to be relevant).
if (event.summary.toLowerCase().indexOf(keyword) < 0) {
return false;
}
if (!event.organizer || event.organizer.email == user.getEmail()) {
// If the user is the creator of the event, always imports it.
return true;
}
// Only imports events the user has accepted.
if (!event.attendees) return false;
let matching = event.attendees.filter(function(attendee) {
return attendee.self;
});
return matching.length > 0 && matching[0].responseStatus == 'accepted';
}
/**
* Returns an RFC3339 formated date String corresponding to the given
* Date object.
* @param {Date} date a Date.
* @return {string} a formatted date string.
*/
function formatDateAsRFC3339(date) {
return Utilities.formatDate(date, 'UTC', 'yyyy-MM-dd\'T\'HH:mm:ssZ');
}
/**
* Get both direct and indirect members (and delete duplicates).
* @param {string} the e-mail address of the group.
* @return {object} direct and indirect members.
*/
function getAllMembers(groupEmail) {
var group = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(groupEmail);
var users = group.getUsers();
var childGroups = group.getGroups();
for (var i = 0; i < childGroups.length; i++) {
var childGroup = childGroups[i];
users = users.concat(getAllMembers(childGroup.getEmail()));
}
// Remove duplicate members
var uniqueUsers = [];
var userEmails = {};
for (var i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
var user = users[i];
if (!userEmails[user.getEmail()]) {
uniqueUsers.push(user);
userEmails[user.getEmail()] = true;
}
}
return uniqueUsers;
}
/**
* Get indirect members from multiple groups (and delete duplicates).
* @param {array} the e-mail addresses of multiple groups.
* @return {object} indirect members of multiple groups.
*/
function getUsersFromGroups(groupEmails) {
let users = [];
for (let groupEmail of groupEmails) {
let groupUsers = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(groupEmail).getUsers();
for (let user of groupUsers) {
if (!users.some(u => u.getEmail() === user.getEmail())) {
users.push(user);
}
}
}
return users;
}
修改
您可以根據自己的需求，任意編輯團隊休假日曆的自動化作業。以下是修改觸發條件的選用變更。
變更指令碼掃描新事件的頻率
如要變更指令碼的執行頻率，請按照下列步驟操作：
- 在 Apps Script 專案中，按一下「觸發條件」圖示 alarm。
- 按一下觸發條件旁邊的「編輯觸發條件」圖示 edit。
- 選取您所做的變更，然後按一下「Save」(儲存)。
貢獻者
這個範例由 Google 開發人員專家協助維護。
後續步驟
