# Supported phonemes and levels of stress

The tables below list the phonemes and levels of stress available for each
language that supports the `<phoneme>` SSML tag. For more information on using
the `<phoneme>` SSML tag, see the
[SSML reference (Beta)](https://developers.google.com/assistant/conversational/ssml-beta) documentation.

## English (United States), en-US

### Phonemes

| IPA Phoneme | X-SAMPA Phoneme | Example Word | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | popular | `ˈpɑːpjəlɚ ` | `` "pA:pj@l@` `` |
| b | b | bubble | `ˈbʌbəl ` | ` "bVb@l` |
| t | t | tinker | `ˈtɪŋkɚ ` | `` "tINk@` `` |
| d | d | dog | `ˈdɑːg ` | ` "dA:g` |
| k | k | crown | `ˈkɹaʊn ` | ` "kr\aUn` |
| ɡ | g | gravely | `ˈgɹeɪˌvliː ` | ` "gr\eI%vli:` |
| m | m | mapping | `ˈmæpəŋ ` | ` "m{p@N` |
| n | n | nine | `ˈnaɪn ` | ` "naIn` |
| ŋ | N | bank | `ˈbæŋk ` | ` "b{Nk` |
| f | f | frog | `ˈfɹɑːg ` | ` "fr\A:g` |
| v | v | valve | `ˈvælv ` | ` "v{lv` |
| s | s | massage | `məˈsɑːʒ ` | ` m@"sA:Z` |
| z | z | zoom | `ˈzuːm ` | ` "zu:m` |
| θ | T | thigh | `ˈθaɪ ` | ` "TaI` |
| ð | D | mother | `ˈmʌðɚ ` | `` "mVD@` `` |
| ʃ | S | shopping | `ˈʃɑːpəŋ ` | ` "SA:p@N` |
| ʒ | Z | leisure | `ˈliːʒɚ ` | ` "li:Z@` |
| h | h | mahogany | `məˈhɑːgəˌniː ` | ` m@"hA:g@%ni:` |
| l | l | lately | `ˈleɪtˌliː ` | ` "leIt%li:` |
| ɹ | r\\ | roaring | `ˈɹɔːɹəŋ ` | ` "r\O:r\@N` |
| ʧ | tS | changed | `ˈʧeɪnʤd ` | ` "tSeIndZd` |
| ʤ | dZ | magenta | `məˈʤɛntə ` | ` m@"dZEnt@` |
| j | j | younger | `ˈjʌŋgɚ ` | `` "jVNg@` `` |
| w | w | whirlwind | `ˈwɚlˌwɪnd ` | `` "w@`l%wInd`` |
| æ | { | cat | `ˈkæt ` | ` "k{t` |
| ɑː | A: | cot | `ˈkɑːt ` | ` "kA:t` |
| ə | @ | again | `əˈgɛn ` | ` @"gEn` |
| ɚ | @\` | bird | `ˈbɚd ` | `` "b@`d`` |
| ɛ | E | bed | `ˈbɛd ` | ` "bEd` |
| ɪ | I | kit | `ˈkɪt ` | ` "kIt` |
| iː | i: | unique | `ˌjuːˈniːk ` | ` %ju:"ni:k` |
| ɔː | O: | more | `ˈmɔːɹ ` | ` "mO:r\` |
| ʊ | U | could | `ˈkʊd ` | ` "kUd` |
| uː | u: | school | `ˈskuːl ` | ` "sku:l` |
| ʌ | V | pulse | `ˈpʌls ` | ` "pVls` |
| aɪ | aI | price | `ˈpɹaɪs ` | ` "pr\aIs` |
| aʊ | aU | flower | `ˈflaʊɚ ` | `` "flaU@` `` |
| eɪ | eI | shade | `ˈʃeɪd ` | ` "SeId` |
| ɔɪ | OI | choice | `ˈʧɔɪs ` | ` "tSOIs` |
| oʊ | oU | boat | `ˈboʊt ` | ` "boUt` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Secondary stress | `ˌ` | `%` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## English (United Kingdom), en-GB

### Phonemes

| IPA Phoneme | X-SAMPA Phoneme | Example Word | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | popular | ` ˈpɒpjələ ` | ` "pQpj@l@` |
| b | b | bubble | ` ˈbʌbəl ` | ` "bVb@l` |
| t | t | tinker | ` ˈtɪŋkə ` | ` "tINk@` |
| d | d | Dundee | ` ˌdʌnˈdiː ` | ` %dVn"di:` |
| k | k | crown | ` ˈkɹaʊn ` | ` "kr\aUn` |
| ɡ | g | gravely | ` ˈgɹeɪˌvliː ` | ` "gr\eI%vli:` |
| m | m | mapping | ` ˈmæpəŋ ` | ` "m{p@N` |
| n | n | nine | ` ˈnaɪn ` | ` "naIn` |
| ŋ | N | bank | ` ˈbæŋk ` | ` "b{Nk` |
| f | f | frog | ` ˈfɹɒg ` | ` "fr\Qg` |
| v | v | valve | ` ˈvælv ` | ` "v{lv` |
| s | s | massage | ` məˈsɑːʒ ` | ` m@"sA:Z` |
| z | z | zoom | ` ˈzuːm ` | ` "zu:m` |
| θ | T | thigh | ` ˈθaɪ ` | ` "TaI` |
| ð | D | mother | ` ˈmʌðə ` | ` "mVD@` |
| ʃ | S | shopping | ` ˈʃɒpəŋ ` | ` "SQp@N` |
| ʒ | Z | leisure | ` ˈlɛʒə ` | ` "lEZ@` |
| h | h | mahogany | ` məˈhɒgəˌniː ` | ` m@"hQg@%ni:` |
| l | l | lately | ` ˈleɪtˌliː ` | ` "leIt%li:` |
| ɹ | r\\ | roaring | ` ˈɹɔːɹəŋ ` | ` "r\O:r\@N` |
| ʧ | tS | changed | ` ˈʧeɪnʤd ` | ` "tSeIndZd` |
| ʤ | dZ | magenta | ` məˈʤɛntə ` | ` m@"dZEnt@` |
| j | j | younger | ` ˈjʌŋgə ` | ` "jVNg@` |
| w | w | whirlwind | ` ˈwɜːlˌwɪnd ` | ` "w3:l%wInd` |
| æ | { | cat | ` ˈkæt ` | ` "k{t` |
| ɑː | A: | car | ` ˈkɑː ` | ` "kA:` |
| ə | @ | again | ` əˈgɛn ` | ` @"gEn` |
| ɛ | E | bed | ` ˈbɛd ` | ` "bEd` |
| ɪ | I | kit | ` ˈkɪt ` | ` "kIt` |
| iː | i: | unique | ` ˌjuːˈniːk ` | ` %ju:"ni:k` |
| ɒ | Q | yacht | ` ˈjɒt ` | ` "jQt` |
| ɔː | O: | caught | ` ˈkɔːt ` | ` "kO:t` |
| ʊ | U | could | ` ˈkʊd ` | ` "kUd` |
| uː | u: | school | ` ˈskuːl ` | ` "sku:l` |
| ʌ | V | pulse | ` ˈpʌls ` | ` "pVls` |
| ɜː | 3: | nurse | ` ˈnɜːs ` | ` "n3:s` |
| aɪ | aI | price | ` ˈpɹaɪs ` | ` "pr\aIs` |
| aʊ | aU | flower | ` ˈflaʊə ` | ` "flaU@` |
| eɪ | eI | shade | ` ˈʃeɪd ` | ` "SeId` |
| eə | e@ | square | ` ˈskweə ` | ` "skwe@` |
| iə | i@ | near | ` ˈniə ` | ` "ni@` |
| ɔɪ | OI | choice | ` ˈʧɔɪs ` | ` "tSOIs` |
| əʊ | @U | boat | ` ˈbəʊt ` | ` "b@Ut` |
| ʊə | U@ | cure | ` ˈkjʊə ` | ` "kjU@` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Secondary stress | `ˌ` | `%` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## English (Australia), en-AU

### Phonemes

| IPA Phoneme | X-SAMPA Phoneme | Example Word | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | popular | ` ˈpɒpjələ ` | ` "pQpj@l@` |
| b | b | bubble | ` ˈbɐbəl ` | ` "b6b@l` |
| t | t | tinker | ` ˈtɪŋkə ` | ` "tINk@` |
| d | d | dog | ` ˈdɒg ` | ` "dQg` |
| k | k | crown | ` ˈkɹaʊn ` | ` "kr\aUn` |
| ɡ | g | gravely | ` ˈgɹeɪˌvliː ` | ` "gr\eI%vli:` |
| m | m | mapping | ` ˈmæpəŋ ` | ` "m{p@N` |
| n | n | nine | ` ˈnaɪn ` | ` "naIn` |
| ŋ | N | bank | ` ˈbæŋk ` | ` "b{Nk` |
| f | f | frog | ` ˈfɹɒg ` | ` "fr\Qg` |
| v | v | valve | ` ˈvælv ` | ` "v{lv` |
| s | s | massage | ` ˈmæˌsɐːʒ ` | ` "m{\%s6:Z` |
| z | z | zoom | ` ˈzuːm ` | ` "zu:m` |
| θ | T | thigh | ` ˈθaɪ ` | ` "TaI` |
| ð | D | mother | ` ˈmɐðə ` | ` "m6D@` |
| ʃ | S | shopping | ` ˈʃɒpəŋ ` | ` "SQp@N` |
| ʒ | Z | leisure | ` ˈlɛʒə ` | ` "lEZ@` |
| h | h | mahogany | ` məˈhɒgəˌniː ` | ` m@"hQg@%ni:` |
| l | l | lately | ` ˈleɪtˌliː ` | ` "leIt%li:` |
| ɹ | r\\ | roaring | ` ˈɹɔːɹəŋ ` | ` "r\O:r\@N` |
| ʧ | tS | changed | ` ˈʧeɪnʤd ` | ` "tSeIndZd` |
| ʤ | dZ | magenta | ` məˈʤɛntə ` | ` m@"dZEnt@` |
| j | j | younger | ` ˈjɐŋgə ` | ` "j6Ng@` |
| w | w | whirlwind | ` ˈwɜːlˌwɪnd ` | ` "w3:l%wInd` |
| æ | { | trap | ` ˈtɹæp ` | ` "tr\{p` |
| æː | {: | bad | ` ˈbæːd ` | ` "b{:d` |
| ɐ | 6 | strut | ` ˈstɹɐt ` | ` "str\6t` |
| ɐː | 6: | bath | ` ˈbɐːθ ` | ` "b6:T` |
| ə | @ | letter | ` ˈlɛtə ` | ` "lEt@` |
| ɛ | E | dress | ` ˌdɹɛs ` | ` "dr\Es` |
| ɪ | I | kit | ` ˈkɪt ` | ` "kIt` |
| iː | i: | fleece | ` ˈfliːs ` | ` "fli:s` |
| ɒ | Q | lot | ` ˈlɒt ` | ` "lQt` |
| ɔː | O: | north | ` ˈnɔːθ ` | ` "nO:T` |
| ʊ | U | foot | ` ˈfʊt ` | ` "fUt` |
| uː | u: | goose | ` ˈguːs ` | ` "gu:s` |
| ɜː | 3: | nurse | ` ˈnɜːs ` | ` "n3:s` |
| aɪ | aI | price | ` ˈpɹaɪs ` | ` "pr\aIs` |
| aʊ | aU | flower | ` ˈflaʊə ` | ` "flaU@` |
| eɪ | eI | shade | ` ˈʃeɪd ` | ` "SeId` |
| eə | e@ | square | ` ˈskweə ` | ` "skwe@` |
| iə | i@ | near | ` ˈniə ` | ` "ni@` |
| ɔɪ | OI | choice | ` ˈʧɔɪs ` | ` "tSOIs` |
| əʊ | @U | boat | ` ˈbəʊt ` | ` "b@Ut` |
| ʊə | U@ | cure | ` ˈkjʊə ` | ` "kjU@` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Secondary stress | `ˌ` | `%` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## English (India), en-IN

### Phonemes

| IPA Phoneme | X-SAMPA Phoneme | Example Word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | prints | `` "pr\Int`s `` | ` ˈpɹɪnʈs ` |
| b | b | baron | ` "b{r\@n ` | ` ˈbæɹən ` |
| ʈ | t\` | town | `` "t`aUn `` | ` ˈʈaʊn ` |
| ɖ | d\` | done | `` "d`Vn `` | ` ˈɖʌn ` |
| k | k | crown | ` "kr\aUn ` | ` ˈkɹaʊn ` |
| g | g | gravely | ` "gr\eIv%li: ` | ` ˈgɹeɪˌvliː ` |
| gʰ | g_h | ghastly | `` "g_hAst`%li: `` | ` ˈgʰɑsʈˌliː ` |
| f | f | mafia | ` "mA%fi:@ ` | ` ˈmɑˌfiːə ` |
| v | v | valve wealth | ` "v{lv "vElT ` | ` ˈvælv ˈvɛlθ ` |
| θ | T | thigh | ` "TaI ` | ` ˈθaɪ ` |
| ð | D | mother | ` "mVD@ ` | ` ˈmʌðə ` |
| s | s | massage | ` m@"sAdZ ` | ` məˈsɑdʒ ` |
| z | z | zoom | ` "zu:m ` | ` ˈzuːm ` |
| l | l | lately | `` "leIt`%li: `` | ` ˈleɪʈˌliː ` |
| ɹ | r | roaring | ` "r\O:r\@N ` | ` ˈɹɔːɹəŋ ` |
| ʧ | tS | changed | `` "tSeIndZd` `` | ` ˈtʃeɪndʒɖ ` |
| ʤ | dZ | magenta | `` m@"dZEnt`@ `` | ` məˈdʒɛnʈə ` |
| ʃ | S | shopping | ` "SQp@N ` | ` ˈʃɒpəŋ ` |
| ʒ | Z | leisure | ` "lEZ@ ` | ` ˈlɛʒə ` |
| j | j | young | ` "jVN ` | ` ˈjʌŋ ` |
| n | n | never | ` "nEv@ ` | ` ˈnɛvə ` |
| m | m | mapping | ` "m{p@N ` | ` ˈmæpəŋ ` |
| ŋ | N | ping | ` "pIN ` | ` ˈpɪŋ ` |
| h | h | honey | ` "hV%ni: ` | ` ˈhʌˌniː ` |
| æ | { | cat | `` "k{t` `` | ` ˈkɪʈ ` |
| ɑ | A | car | ` "kA ` | ` ˈkɑ ` |
| ɜ | 3: | person | ` "p3:s@n ` | ` ˈpɜːsən ` |
| aɪ | aI | cry | ` "kr\aI ` | ` ˈkɹaɪ ` |
| aʊ | aU | how | ` "haU ` | ` ˈhaʊ ` |
| ə | @ | again | ` @"gEn ` | ` əˈgɛn ` |
| ɛ | E | bed | `` "bEd` `` | ` ˈbɛɖ ` |
| eə | e@ | fair | ` "fe@ ` | ` ˈfeə ` |
| e | eI | place | ` "pleIs ` | ` ˈpleɪs ` |
| ɪ | I | kit | `` "kIt` `` | ` ˈkɪʈ ` |
| ɪə | I@ | fear | ` "fI@ ` | ` ˈfɪə ` |
| iː | i: | need | `` "ni:d` `` | ` ˈniːɖ ` |
| ɔɪ | OI | boy | ` "bOI ` | ` ˈbɔɪ ` |
| ɒ | Q | box | ` "bQks ` | ` ˈbɒks ` |
| oː | O: | low | ` "lO: ` | ` ˈlɔː ` |
| ʊ | U | good | `` "gUd` `` | ` ˈgʊɖ ` |
| ʌ | V | numb shut | `` "nVm "SVt` `` | ` ˈnʌm ˈʃʌʈ ` |
| uː | u: | who food | `` "hu: "fu:d` `` | ` ˈhuː ˈfuːɖ ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Secondary stress | `ˌ` | `%` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## German (Germany), de-DE

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA | IPA | Example | X-SAMPA Transcription | IPA Transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | Palme | ` "palm@ ` | ` ˈpalmə` |
| b | b | Baum | ` "baUm ` | ` ˈbaʊm` |
| t | t | Südost | ` %zyt"Ost ` | ` ˌzytˈɔst` |
| d | d | Dorf | ` "dORf ` | ` ˈdɔʁf` |
| k | k | Kakao | ` %ka"kaU ` | ` ˌkaˈkaʊ` |
| g | g | Gast | ` "gast ` | ` ˈgast` |
| m | m | Murmel | ` "mURm@l ` | ` ˈmʊʁməl` |
| n | n | neun | ` "nOIn ` | ` ˈnɔɪn` |
| N | ŋ | singen | ` "zIN@n ` | ` ˈzɪŋən` |
| f | f | fünf | ` "fYnf ` | ` ˈfʏnf` |
| v | v | Waage | ` "va:g@ ` | ` ˈvaːgə` |
| s | s | Masse | ` "mas@ ` | ` ˈmasə` |
| z | z | Sonne | ` "zOn@ ` | ` ˈzɔnə` |
| T | θ | think | ` "TINk ` | ` ˈθɪŋk` |
| D | ð | although | ` %Ol"Do ` | ` ˌɔlˈðo` |
| S | ʃ | Schule | ` "Sul@ ` | ` ˈʃulə` |
| dZ | ʤ | Dschungel | ` "dZUN@l ` | ` ˈʤʊŋəl` |
| Z | ʒ | Garage | ` %ga"Ra:Z@ ` | ` ˌgaˈʁaːʒə` |
| h | h | Haus | ` "haUs ` | ` ˈhaʊs` |
| l | l | Weltall | ` "vEl%tal ` | ` ˈvɛlˌtal` |
| pf | pf | Pfeffer | ` "pfEf6 ` | ` ˈpfɛfɐ` |
| R | ʁ | Regentropfen | ` "Reg@n%tROpf@n ` | ` ˈʁegənˌtʁɔpfən` |
| tS | ʧ | Tschüss | ` "tSYs ` | ` ˈʧʏs` |
| ts | ʦ | Katze | ` "kats@ ` | ` ˈkatsə` |
| w | w | Watergate | ` "wOt6%gEjt ` | ` ˈwɔtɐˌgɛjt` |
| j | j | jung | ` "jUN ` | ` ˈjʊŋ` |
| x | x | Buch | ` "bux ` | ` ˈbux` |
| C | ç | sprechen | ` "SpREC@n ` | ` ˈspʁɛçən` |
| a | a | Kamm | ` "kam ` | ` ˈkam` |
| a: | aː | kam | ` "ka:m ` | ` ˈkaːm` |
| @ | ə | Beute | ` "bOIt@ ` | ` ˈbɔltə` |
| 6 | ɐ | Kinder | ` "kInd6 ` | ` ˈkɪndɐ` |
| E | ɛ | Bett | ` "bEt ` | ` ˈbɛt` |
| e | e | Mehl | ` "mel ` | ` ˈmel` |
| I | ɪ | Mitte | ` "mIt@ ` | ` ˈmɪtə` |
| i: | iː | ihn | ` "i:n ` | ` ˈiːn` |
| y | y | Bühne | ` "byn@ ` | ` ˈbynə` |
| Y | ʏ | Mütze | ` "mYts@ ` | ` ˈmʏtsə` |
| O | ɔ | noch | ` "nOx ` | ` ˈnɔx` |
| o | o | oben | ` "ob@n ` | ` ˈobən` |
| 9 | œ | möchte | ` "m9Ct@ ` | ` ˈmœçtə` |
| 8 | ɵ | schön | ` "S8n ` | ` ˈʃɵn` |
| U | ʊ | Mutter | ` "mUt6 ` | ` ˈmʊtɐ` |
| u | u | Uhr | ` "uR ` | ` ˈuʁ` |
| aI | aɪ | Eis | ` "aIs ` | ` ˈaɪs` |
| aU | aʊ | Haus | ` "haUs ` | ` ˈhaʊs` |
| OI | ɔɪ | Häuser | ` "hOIz6 ` | ` ˈhɔlzɐ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Secondary stress | `ˌ` | `%` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Spanish (Spain), es-ES

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example Word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | pelo | ` "pelo ` | ` ˈpelo` |
| t | t | tela | ` "tela ` | ` ˈtela` |
| k | k | casa | ` "kasa ` | ` ˈkasa` |
| b | b | bobo | ` "bobo ` | ` ˈbobo` |
| d | d | dedo | ` "dedo ` | ` ˈdedo` |
| g | ɡ | gagá | ` ga"ga ` | ` gaˈga` |
| f | f | foca | ` "foka ` | ` ˈfoka` |
| T | θ | cielo | ` "Tjelo ` | ` ˈθjelo` |
| s | s | soso | ` "soso ` | ` ˈsoso` |
| j | j | yo | ` "jo ` | ` ˈjo` |
| x | x | jota | ` "xota ` | ` ˈxota` |
| tS | ʧ | churro | ` "tSuro ` | ` ˈtʃuro` |
| l | l | lento | ` "lento ` | ` ˈlento` |
| L | ʎ | lluvia | ` "Lubja ` | ` ˈʎubja` |
| m | m | mano | ` "mano ` | ` ˈmano` |
| n | n | mano | ` "mano ` | ` ˈmano` |
| J | ɲ | ñoño | ` "JoJo ` | ` ˈɲoɲo` |
| 4 | ɾ | pero dar | ` "pe4o "da4 ` | ` ˈpeɾo ˈdaɾ` |
| r | r | rata perro | ` "rata "pero ` | ` ˈrata ˈpero` |
| a | a | cala | ` "kala ` | ` ˈkala` |
| e | e | tele | ` "tele ` | ` ˈtele` |
| i | i | pirueta | ` pi4"weta ` | ` piɾˈweta` |
| o | o | cordura | ` ko4"du4a ` | ` koɾˈduɾa` |
| u | u | documentar | ` dokumen"ta4 ` | ` dokumenˈtaɾ` |
| ai | ai | jamaicanos | ` xamai"kanos ` | ` xamaiˈkanos` |
| au | au | restaurante | ` restau"4ante ` | ` restauˈɾante` |
| ei | ei | aceituna | ` aTei"tuna ` | ` aθeiˈtuna` |
| eu | eu | euro | ` "eu4o ` | ` ˈeuɾo` |
| oi | oi | hoy | ` "oi ` | ` ˈoi` |
| ou | ou | roupeiro | ` rou"pei4o ` | ` rouˈpeiɾo` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Spanish (United States), es-US

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example Word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | pelo | ` "pelo ` | ` ˈpelo ` |
| t | t | tela | ` "tela ` | ` ˈtela ` |
| k | k | casa | ` "kasa ` | ` ˈkasa ` |
| b | b | bobo | ` "bobo ` | ` ˈbobo ` |
| d | d | dedo | ` "dedo ` | ` ˈdedo ` |
| g | g | gagá | ` ga"ga ` | ` gaˈga ` |
| f | f | foca | ` "foka ` | ` ˈfoka ` |
| v | v | voice | ` "vois ` | ` ˈvois ` |
| s | s | soso cielo | ` "soso "sjelo ` | ` ˈsoso ˈsjelo` |
| z | z | president zoo | ` "pr\ezid@nt ` | ` ˈpɹezidənt ` |
| S | ʃ | shopping | ` "SopiN ` | ` ˈʃopiŋ ` |
| T | θ | thorn | ` "Tor\n ` | ` ˈθoɹn ` |
| D | ð | father | ` "faD@r\ ` | ` ˈfaðəɹ ` |
| x | x | jota | ` "xota ` | ` ˈxota ` |
| dZ | dʒ | jennifer | ` "dZenif@r\ ` | ` ˈdʒenifəɹ ` |
| tS | ʧ | churro | ` "tSuro ` | ` ˈtʃuro ` |
| l | l | lento | ` "lento ` | ` ˈlento ` |
| m | m | mano | ` "mano ` | ` ˈmano ` |
| n | n | mano | ` "mano ` | ` ˈmano ` |
| J | ɲ | ñoño | ` "JoJo ` | ` ˈɲoɲo ` |
| N | ŋ | song | ` "soN ` | ` ˈsoŋ ` |
| 4 | ɾ | pero dar | ` "pe4o "da4 ` | ` ˈpeɾo ˈdaɾ ` |
| r | r | rata perro | ` "rata "pero ` | ` ˈrata ˈpero ` |
| r\\ | ɹ | car | ` "kar\ ` | ` ˈkaɹ ` |
| j | j | yo | ` "jo ` | ` ˈjo ` |
| w | w | water | ` "wot@r\ ` | ` ˈwotəɹ ` |
| @ | ə | google | ` "gug@l ` | ` ˈgugəl ` |
| a | a | cala | ` "kala ` | ` ˈkala ` |
| e | e | tele | ` "tele ` | ` ˈtele ` |
| i | i | pirueta | ` pi4"weta ` | ` piɾˈweta ` |
| o | o | cordura | ` ko4"du4a ` | ` koɾˈduɾa ` |
| u | u | documentar | ` dokumen"ta4 ` | ` dokumenˈtaɾ ` |
| ai | ai | hay | ` xamai"kanos ` | ` xamaiˈkanos ` |
| au | au | pausa | ` restau"4ante ` | ` restauˈɾante ` |
| ei | ei | aceituna | ` asei"tuna ` | ` aseiˈtuna ` |
| eu | eu | euro | ` "eu4o ` | ` ˈeuɾo ` |
| oi | oi | hoy | ` "oi ` | ` ˈoi ` |
| ou | ou | roupeiro | ` rou"pei4o ` | ` rouˈpeiɾo ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Filipino (Philippines), fil-PH

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example Word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | pito | `"pitU ` | ` ˈpitʊ` |
| b | b | buto | `"bUtU ` | ` ˈbʊtʊ` |
| t | t | tiyan | `ti"jan ` | ` tiˈjan` |
| d | d | adya | `?ad"ja? ` | ` ʔadˈjaʔ` |
| k | k | kapit | `"kapit ` | ` ˈkapit` |
| g | g | gata | `ga"ta? ` | ` gaˈtaʔ` |
| ? | ʔ | ilaw | `"?ilau ` | ` ˈʔilau` |
| m | m | mata | `ma"ta ` | ` maˈta` |
| n | n | niya | `ni"ja ` | ` niˈja` |
| J | ɲ | kolonya | `ko"loJa ` | ` koˈloɲa` |
| N | ŋ | ngipin | `"Nipin ` | ` ˈŋipin` |
| s | s | siyam | `si"jam ` | ` siˈjam` |
| S | ʃ | konsensya | `kon"sEnSa ` | ` konˈsɛnʃa` |
| h | h | haba | `"haba? ` | ` ˈhabaʔ` |
| tS | ʧ | tsaka | `tSa"ka ` | ` tʃaˈka` |
| dZ | dʒ | Diego | `"dZEgo ` | ` ˈdʒɛgo` |
| 4 | r | rurok | `"4U4Uk ` | ` ˈɾʊɾʊk` |
| l | l | lamay | `"lamai ` | ` ˈlamai` |
| j | j | yanig | `"janig ` | ` ˈjanig` |
| w | w | wala | `wa"la? ` | ` waˈlaʔ` |
| a | a | aso | `"?asU ` | ` ˈʔasʊ` |
| E | e | ewan | `"?Ewan ` | ` ˈʔɛwan` |
| i | i | iwan | `"?iwan ` | ` ˈʔiwan` |
| o | o | oyayi | `?o"jaji ` | ` ʔoˈjaji` |
| U | u | upuan | `?UpU"?an ` | ` ʔʊpʊˈʔan` |
| ai | ai | bahay | `"bahai ` | ` ˈbahai` |
| ui | ui | abuloy | `?a"bUlui ` | ` ʔaˈbʊlui` |
| au | au | galaw | `ga"lau ` | ` gaˈlau` |
| iu | iu | baliw | `ba"liu ` | ` baˈliu` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## French (France), fr-FR

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | b | beau | `bo ` | ` bo` |
| d | d | dodu | `dody ` | ` dody` |
| f | f | fil | `fil ` | ` fil` |
| g | g | gâteau | `gato ` | ` gato` |
| ? | ʔ | haricot | `?aRiko ` | ` ʔaʁiko` |
| k | k | cassé | `kase ` | ` kase` |
| l | l | loi | `lwa ` | ` lwa` |
| m | m | mou | `mu ` | ` mu` |
| n | n | nounou | `nunu ` | ` nunu` |
| p | p | poli | `poli ` | ` poli` |
| R | ʁ | carré | `kaRe ` | ` kaʁe` |
| S | ʃ | chat | `Sa ` | ` ʃa` |
| s | s | savon | `savO~ ` | ` savɔ̃` |
| t | t | tri | `tRi ` | ` tʁi` |
| v | v | vallée | `vale ` | ` vale` |
| Z | ʒ | jouet | `ZuE ` | ` ʒuɛ` |
| z | z | prison | `pRizO~ ` | ` pʁizɔ̃` |
| a | a | salé | `sale ` | ` sale` |
| E | ɛ | cher | `SER ` | ` ʃɛʁ` |
| e | e | parlé | `paRle ` | ` paʁle` |
| i | i | midi | `midi ` | ` midi` |
| O | ɔ | sort | `sOR ` | ` sɔʁ` |
| o | o | bateau | `bato ` | ` bato` |
| u | u | nougat | `nuga ` | ` nuga` |
| y | y | bu | `by ` | ` by` |
| 2 | ø | peu | `p2 ` | ` pø` |
| 9 | œ | neuf | `n9f ` | ` nœf` |
| @ | ə | apprenez jeûnaient | `apR@ne Z@nEt ` | ` apʁəne ʒənɛt` |
| A\~ | ɑ̃ | gant | ` gA~ ` | `gɑ̃` |
| E\~ | ɛ̃ | main | ` mE~ ` | `mɛ̃` |
| O\~ | ɔ̃ | savon | ` savO~` | `savɔ̃` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## French (Canada), fr-CA

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | b | bas | ` bA ` | ` bɑ` |
| d | d | aida | ` i:dA ` | ` iːdɑ` |
| f | f | alpha | ` alfA ` | ` alfɑ` |
| g | g | gars | ` gA ` | ` gɑ` |
| ? | ʔ | hâte | ` ?At@ ` | ` ʔɑtə` |
| H | ɥ | lui | ` lHi ` | ` lɥi` |
| j | j | oeil | ` 9j ` | ` œj` |
| k | k | cas | ` kA ` | ` kɑ` |
| l | l | là | ` lA ` | ` lɑ` |
| m | m | mat | ` mA ` | ` mɑ` |
| n | n | nounou | ` nunu ` | ` nunu` |
| p | p | pas | ` pA ` | ` pɑ` |
| R | ʁ | carré | ` kARe ` | ` kɑʁe` |
| s | s | plaça | ` plasA ` | ` plasɑ` |
| S | ʃ | chat | ` SA ` | ` ʃɑ` |
| t | t | tas | ` tA ` | ` tas` |
| v | v | va | ` vA ` | ` vɑ` |
| w | w | Louis | ` lwi ` | ` lwi` |
| z | z | plaza | ` plazA ` | ` plazɑ` |
| Z | ʒ | jardin | ` ZaRdE~ ` | ` ʒaʁdɛ̃` |
| h | h | Whitehorse | ` ?wajthOrs ` | ` ʔwajthɔrs` |
| 5 | ɫ | Devils | ` dEv95z ` | ` dɛvœɫz` |
| r | r | Rogers | ` rOdZ9rz ` | ` rɔdʒœrz` |
| a | a | patte | ` pat@ ` | ` patə` |
| a: | aː | Danny | ` da:ni ` | ` daːni` |
| A | ɑ | pâte | ` pAt@ ` | ` pɑtə` |
| A\~ | ɑ̃ | gant | ` gA~ ` | ` gɑ̃` |
| E | ɛ | faite | ` fEt@ ` | ` fɛtə` |
| E: | ɛː | fête | ` fE:t@ ` | ` fɛːtə` |
| e | e | parlé | ` paRle ` | ` paʁle` |
| E\~ | ɛ̃ | main | ` mE~ ` | ` mɛ̃` |
| i | i | midi | ` midi ` | ` midi` |
| O | ɔ | sort | ` sOR ` | ` sɔʁ` |
| O\~ | ɔ̃ | savon | ` savO~ ` | ` savɔ̃` |
| o | o | bateau | ` bato ` | ` bato` |
| u | u | nougat | ` nugA ` | ` nugɑ` |
| y | y | bu | ` by ` | ` by` |
| 2 | ø | peu | ` p2 ` | ` pø` |
| 9 | œ | neuf | ` n9f ` | ` nœf` |
| @ | ə | acheter | ` aS@te ` | ` aʃəte` |
| i: | iː | bean | ` bi:n ` | ` biːn` |
| I | ɪ | Dylan | ` dIl9n ` | ` dɪlœn` |
| O: | ɔː | hockey | ` ?O:ke ` | ` ʔɔːke` |
| u: | uː | cool | ` ku:l ` | ` kuːl` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Hindi (India), hi-IN

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | पंजाब | ` p@n"dZa:b ` | ` pənˈdʒaːb ` |
| b | b | बादल | ` "ba:d_d@l ` | ` ˈbaːd̪əl ` |
| b_h | bʰ | भारत | ` "b_ha:r@t_d ` | ` ˈbʰaːrət̪ ` |
| t_d | t̪ | तबला | ` "t_d@bla: ` | ` ˈt̪əblaː ` |
| t_d_h | t̪ʰ | थाली | ` "t_d_ha:lI: ` | ` ˈt̪ʰaːlɪː ` |
| t\` | ʈ | टमाटर | `` t`@"ma:t`@r `` | ` ʈəˈmaːʈər ` |
| t\`_h | ʈʰ | अठारह | `` @"t`_ha:r@h `` | ` əˈʈʰaːrəh ` |
| d_d | d̪ | दाल | ` "d_da:l ` | ` ˈd̪aːl ` |
| d_d_h | d̪ʰ | धूम | ` "d_d_hu:m ` | ` ˈd̪ʰuːm ` |
| d\` | ɖ | डमरू | `` "d`@mru: `` | ` ˈɖəmruː ` |
| d\`_h | ɖʰ | ढोलक | `` "d`_ho:l@k `` | ` ˈɖʰoːlək ` |
| k | k | किताब | ` kI"t_da:b ` | ` kɪˈt̪aːb ` |
| k_h | kʰ | खान | ` "k_ha:n ` | ` ˈkʰaːn ` |
| g | g | गाय | ` "ga:e: ` | ` ˈgaːeː ` |
| g_h | gʰ | घर | ` "g_h@r ` | ` ˈgʰər ` |
| f | f | फल | ` "f@l ` | ` ˈfəl ` |
| v\\ | ʋ | व्रत | ` "v\r@t_d ` | ` ˈʋrət̪ ` |
| s | s | किस्मत | ` "kIsm@t_d ` | ` ˈkɪsmət̪ ` |
| z | z | ज़हर | ` "zE:hE:r ` | ` ˈzɛːhɛːr ` |
| l | l | लड़कियां | `` "l@r`kIja:~ `` | ` ˈləɽkɪjãː ` |
| r | ɹ | रोक | ` "ro:k ` | ` ˈroːk ` |
| r\` | ɽ | कूड़ा | `` "ku:r`a: `` | ` ˈkuːɽaː ` |
| tS | ʧ | चाय | ` "tSa:e: ` | ` ˈʧaːeː ` |
| tS_h | ʧʰ | छांव | ` "tS_ha:~o: ` | ` ˈʧʰãːoː ` |
| dZ | ʤ | जंगल | ` "dZ@ng@l ` | ` ˈdʒəngəl ` |
| dZ_h | ʤʰ | मुझ | ` "mUdZ_h ` | ` ˈmʊdʒʰ ` |
| S | ʃ | ख़ुश भाषा | ` "k_hUS "b_ha:Sa: ` | ` ˈkʰʊʃ ˈbʰaːʃaː ` |
| j | j | योग | ` "jo:g ` | ` ˈjoːg ` |
| n | n | नमक | ` "n@m@k ` | ` ˈnəmək ` |
| m | m | मंत्र | ` "m@nt_dr@ ` | ` ˈmənt̪rə ` |
| n\` | ɳ | नारायण | `` na:"ra:j@n` `` | ` naːˈraːjəɳ ` |
| N | ŋ | लंका | ` "l@nka: ` | ` ˈlənkaː ` |
| h | h | होना | ` "ho:na: ` | ` ˈhoːnaː ` |
| a: | a: | बात | ` "ba:t_d ` | ` ˈbaːt̪ ` |
| a:\~ | ãː | लड़कियां | `` "l@r`kIja:~ `` | ` ˈləɽkɪjãː ` |
| @ | ə | अलग | ` "@l@g ` | ` ˈələg ` |
| @\~ | ə̃ | हंसना | ` "h@~sna: ` | ` ˈhə̃snaː ` |
| E: | ɛ | फैलाव | ` "fE:la:v\ ` | ` ˈfɛːlaːʋ ` |
| e: | e | केला | ` "ke:la: ` | ` ˈkeːlaː ` |
| e:\~ | ẽː | किताबें | ` kI"t_da:be:~ ` | ` kɪˈt̪aːbẽː ` |
| E:\~ | ɛ̃ː | मैं | ` "mE:~ ` | ` ˈmɛ̃ː ` |
| I | ɪ | इच्छा | ` "ItStS_ha: ` | ` ˈɪtʃtʃʰaː ` |
| I: | iː | खीर | ` "k_hI:r ` | ` ˈkʰɪːr ` |
| I:\~ | ĩː | नहीं | ` "n@hI:~ ` | ` ˈnəhɪ̃ː ` |
| I\~ | ɪ̃ | सिंचाई | ` sI~"tSa:I: ` | ` sɪ̃ˈtʃaːɪː ` |
| O: | ɔː | औरत | ` "O:r@t_d ` | ` ˈɔːrət̪ ` |
| O:\~ | ɔ̃ː | भौं | ` "b_hO:~ ` | ` ˈbʰɔ̃ː ` |
| o: | oː | ओखली | ` "o:k_hlI: ` | ` ˈoːkʰlɪː ` |
| o:\~ | õː | क्यों | ` "kjo:~ ` | ` ˈkjõː ` |
| U | ʊ | पुत्र | ` "pUt_dr ` | ` ˈpʊt̪r ` |
| U\~ | ʊ̃ | मुंह | ` "mU~h ` | ` ˈmʊ̃h ` |
| u: | uː | कबूतर | ` k@"b u:t_d@r ` | ` kəˈbuːt̪ər ` |
| u:\~ | ũː | ऊंट | `` "u:~t` `` | ` ˈũːʈ ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Indonesian (Indonesia), id-ID

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example Word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | pagi | `pagi` | `pagi ` |
| t | t | takut | `takut` | `takut ` |
| k | k | kera | `k@ra` | `kəra ` |
| b | b | buku | `buku` | `buku ` |
| d | d | desa | `desa` | `desa ` |
| g | g | gigi | `gigi` | `gigi ` |
| ? | ʔ | bapak | `bapa`? | `bapaʔ ` |
| f | f | sifat relevan | `sifat relefan` | `sifat relefan ` |
| s | s | sapi | `sapi` | `sapi ` |
| S | ʃ | syarat | `Sarat` | `ʃarat ` |
| x | x | khusus | `xusus` | `xusus ` |
| h | h | pohon | `pohon` | `pohon ` |
| l | l | luas | `luas` | `luas ` |
| j | j | bayi | `baji` | `baji ` |
| r | r | kasir | `kasir` | `kasir ` |
| w | w | warna | `warna` | `warna ` |
| m | m | muka | `muka` | `muka ` |
| n | n | lilin | `lilin` | `lilin ` |
| J |   | nyamuk | `Jamuk` | `ɲamuk ` |
| N | ŋ | ngengat | `NeNat` | `ŋeŋat ` |
| tS | tʃ | cari | `tSari` | `tʃari ` |
| dZ | dʒ | jari | `dZari` | `dʒari ` |
| a | a | tali | `tali` | `tali ` |
| @ | ə | membeli | `m@mb@li` | `məmbəli ` |
| e | e | kecap | `ketSap` | `ketʃap ` |
| i | i | singa | `siNa` | `siŋa ` |
| o | o | bola | `bola` | `bola ` |
| u | u | susu | `susu` | `susu ` |
| aI | aɪ | pantai | `pantal` | `pantaɪ ` |
| aU | aʊ | kacau | `katSaU` | `katʃaʊ ` |
| OI | ɔɪ | letoi | `letOI` | `letɔɪ ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Italian (Italy), it-IT

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | pane | `"pane ` | ` ˈpane` |
| p: | pː | appena | `a"p:ena ` | ` aˈpːena` |
| b | b | bocca | `"bok:a ` | ` ˈbokːa` |
| b: | bː | abbacchio | `a"b:ak:jo ` | ` aˈbːakːjo` |
| t | t | tedio | `"tEdjo ` | ` ˈtɛdjo` |
| t: | tː | attento | `a"t:Ento ` | ` aˈtːɛnto` |
| d | d | dato | `"dato ` | ` ˈdato` |
| d: | dː | addio | `a"d:io ` | ` aˈdːio` |
| k | k | colonna | `ko"lon:a ` | ` koˈlonːa` |
| k: | kː | accolto | `a"k:Olto ` | ` aˈkːɔlto` |
| g | ɡ | gatto | `"gat:o ` | ` ˈgatːo` |
| g: | gː | agguato | `a"g:wato ` | ` aˈɡːwato` |
| f | f | fulgido | `"fuldZido ` | ` ˈfulʤido` |
| f: | fː | affusolato | `af:uzo"lato ` | ` afːuzoˈlato` |
| v | v | vaso | `"vazo ` | ` ˈvazo` |
| v: | vː | avviare | `av:i"are ` | ` avːiˈare` |
| s | s | sete | `"sete ` | ` ˈsete` |
| s: | sː | assetato | `as:e"tato ` | ` asːeˈtato` |
| z | z | fuso | `"fuzo ` | ` ˈfuzo` |
| S | ʃ | sciopero | `"SOpero ` | ` ˈʃɔpero` |
| S: | ʃː | fascia | `"faS:a ` | ` ˈfaʃːa` |
| Z | ʒ | garage | `ga"raZ ` | ` gaˈraʒ` |
| ts | ts | tsunami | `tsu"nami ` | ` tsuˈnami` |
| ts: | tsː | stazione | `sta"ts:jone ` | ` staˈtsːjone` |
| dz | dz | zero | `"dzEro ` | ` ˈdzɛro` |
| dz: | dzː | azzerare | `adz:e"rare ` | ` adzːeˈrare` |
| tS | tʃ | cima | `"tSima ` | ` ˈtʃima` |
| tS: | tSː | faccia | `"fatS:a ` | ` ˈfatʃːa` |
| dZ | dʒ | giro | `"dZiro ` | ` ˈdʒiro` |
| dZ: | dʒː | aggirare | `adZ:i"rare ` | ` adʒːiˈrare` |
| m | m | mano | `"mano ` | ` ˈmano` |
| m: | mː | ammanicato | `am:ani"kato ` | ` amːaniˈkato` |
| n | n | noia | `"nOja ` | ` ˈnɔja` |
| n: | nː | annoiare | `an:o"jare ` | ` anːoˈjare` |
| J | ɲ | gnomo | `"JOmo ` | ` ˈɲɔmo` |
| J: | ɲː | agnello | `a"J:El:o ` | ` aˈɲːɛlːo` |
| r | r | ruolo | `"rwOlo ` | ` ˈrwɔlo` |
| r: | rː | arruolare | `ar:wo"lare ` | ` arːwoˈlare` |
| l | l | ladro | `"ladro ` | ` ˈladro` |
| l: | lː | allarme | `a"l:arme ` | ` aˈlːarme` |
| L | ʎ | gli | `"Li ` | ` ˈʎi` |
| L: | ʎː | aglio | `"aL:o ` | ` ˈaʎːo` |
| h | h | Juan | `hu"an ` | ` huˈan` |
| T | θ | math | `"maT ` | ` ˈmaθ` |
| j | j | Juventus vorrei | `ju"vEntus vo"r:Ej ` | ` juˈvɛntus voˈrːɛj` |
| w | w | ruolo causa | `"rwOlo "kawza ` | ` ˈrwɔlo ˈkawza` |
| 3: | ɜː | Pasteur | `pa"st3:r ` | ` paˈstɜːr` |
| a | a | amore | `a"more ` | ` aˈmore` |
| e | e | esilio | `e"ziljo ` | ` eˈziljo` |
| o | o | osare | `o"zare ` | ` oˈzare` |
| E | ɛ | pelle | `"pEl:e ` | ` ˈpɛlːe` |
| i | i | ignaro | `i"J:aro ` | ` iˈɲːaro` |
| O | ɔ | polo | `"pOlo ` | ` ˈpɔlo` |
| u | u | muro | `"muro ` | ` ˈmuro` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Dutch (Netherlands), nl-NL

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z | ʒ | gelei | `Z@"lEI ` | ` ʒəˈlɛɪ` |
| b | b | boer | `"bu4 ` | ` ˈbuɾ` |
| x | x | mechanisme chemie | `me:xA:"nIsm@ xe:"mi ` | ` meːxɑːˈnɪsmə xeːˈmi` |
| d | d | dag | `"dAx ` | ` ˈdɑx` |
| f | f | faam | `"fA:m ` | ` ˈfɑːm` |
| g | g | goal | `"go:l ` | ` ˈgoːl` |
| h\\ | ɦ | hout | `"h\Vut ` | ` ˈɦʌut` |
| j | j | jaag | `"jA:x ` | ` ˈjɑːx` |
| k | k | kaak | `"kA:k ` | ` ˈkɑːk` |
| l | l | laag | `"lA:x ` | ` ˈlɑːx` |
| m | m | mag | `"mAx ` | ` ˈmɑx` |
| n | n | naad | `"nA:t ` | ` ˈnɑːt` |
| N | ŋ | eng | `"EN ` | ` ˈɛŋ` |
| p | p | praat | `"p4A:t ` | ` ˈpɾɑːt` |
| r | ɾ | roer | `"4u4 ` | ` ˈɾuɾ` |
| s | s | samen | `"sA:m@ ` | ` ˈsɑːmə` |
| S | ʃ | shock | `"SOk ` | ` ˈʃɔk` |
| t | t | tussen | `"tYs@ ` | ` ˈtʏsə` |
| v | v | vaak | `"vA:k ` | ` ˈvɑːk` |
| v\\ | ʋ | waan | `v\A:n ` | ` ˈʋɑːn` |
| z | z | zee | `"ze: ` | ` ˈzeː` |
| @ | ə | dagen | `"dA:x@ ` | ` ˈdɑːxə` |
| A | ɑ | dag | `"dAx ` | ` ˈdɑx` |
| A: | ɑː | dagen | `"dA:x@ ` | ` ˈdɑːxə` |
| E | ɛ | eb | `"Ep ` | ` ˈɛp` |
| e: | eː | één | `"e:n ` | ` ˈeːn` |
| 2: | øː | beu | `"b2: ` | ` ˈbøː` |
| E: | ɛː | fair serre | `"fE:r\ "sE:4@ ` | ` ˈfɛːɹˈ sɛːɾə` |
| I | ɪ | ik | `"Ik ` | ` ˈɪk` |
| i | i | iel | `"il ` | ` ˈil` |
| EI | ɛɪ | ijdel | `"EId@l ` | ` ˈɛɪdəl` |
| O | ɔ | of | `"Of ` | ` ˈɔf` |
| O: | ɔː | naadloos | `"nA:tlO:s ` | ` ˈnɑːtlɔːs` |
| u | u | koek | `"kuk ` | ` ˈkuk` |
| Vu | ʌu | hout rauw | `"h\Vut "4Vu ` | ` ˈɦʌut ˈɾʌu` |
| o: | oː | controle | `kOn"t4o:l@ ` | ` kɔnˈtɾoːlə` |
| Y | ʏ | urn | `"Y4n ` | ` ˈʏɾn` |
| y | y | uur | `"y4 ` | ` ˈyɾ` |
| 9Y | œʏ | ui | `"9Y ` | ` œʏ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Turkish (Turkey), tr-TR

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m | m | masa | `ma"sa ` | ` maˈsa` |
| p | p | para | `pa"4a ` | ` paˈɾa` |
| b | b | balık | `ba"lMk ` | ` baˈlɯk` |
| f | f | füze | `"fyze ` | ` ˈfyze` |
| v | v | vazo | `"vazo ` | ` ˈvazo` |
| h | h | halı | `ha"lM ` | ` haˈlɯ` |
| d | d | deniz | `de"niz ` | ` deˈniz` |
| t | t | takım | `ta"kMm ` | ` taˈkɯn` |
| s | s | sokak | `so"kak ` | ` soˈkak` |
| z | z | zarf | `"za4f ` | ` ˈzaɾf` |
| k | k | kuş | `"kuS ` | ` ˈkuʃ` |
| c | c | kâr | `"ca4 ` | ` ˈcaɾ` |
| g | g | gaz | `"gaz ` | ` ˈgaz` |
| J\\ | ɟ | rüzgâr | `4yz"J\a4 ` | ` ɾyɾzˈɟaɾ` |
| l | l | salı | `sa"lM ` | ` saˈlɯ` |
| L | ʎ | alkol | `aL"koL ` | ` aʎˈkoʎ` |
| 4 | ɾ | resim | `4e"sim ` | ` ɾeˈsim` |
| tS | tʃ | çilek | `tSi"Lec ` | ` tʃiˈʎec` |
| dZ | dʒ | cam | `"dZam ` | ` ˈdʒam` |
| Z | ʒ | jilet | `Zi"Let ` | ` ʒiˈʎet` |
| n | n | niyet | `ni"jet ` | ` niˈjet` |
| j | j | yatak | `ja"tak ` | ` jaˈtak` |
| S | ʃ | şeker | `Se"ce4 ` | ` ʃeˈceɾ` |
| a | a | araba | `a4a"ba ` | ` aɾaˈba` |
| a: | aː | âdet | `"a:det ` | ` ˈaːdet` |
| e | e | etek | `e"tek ` | ` eˈtek` |
| e: | eː | eğri | `e:"4i ` | ` eːˈɾi` |
| i | i | imza | `im"za: ` | ` imˈzaː` |
| i: | iː | asli | `as"Li: ` | ` asˈʎiː` |
| M | ɯ | ışık | `M"SMk ` | ` ɯˈʃɯk` |
| M: | ɯː | ığdır | `"M:dM4 ` | ` ˈɯːdɯɾ` |
| u | u | umut | `u"mut ` | ` uˈmut` |
| u: | uː | şuur | `"Su:4 ` | ` ˈʃuːɾ` |
| y | y | ütü | `y"ty ` | ` yˈty` |
| y: | yː | düğme | `dy:"me ` | ` dyːˈme` |
| o | o | omuz | `o"muz ` | ` oˈmuz` |
| o: | oː | doğru | `do:"4u ` | ` doːˈɾu` |
| 2 | ø | örtü | `24"ty ` | ` øɾˈty` |
| 2: | øː | öğün | `2:"yn ` | ` øːˈyn` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Polish (Poland), pl-PL

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | popiół | `"pO%pjuw ` | `ˈpɔˌpjuw` |
| b | b | kupże | ``"kub%z`E `` | `ˈkubˌʐɛ` |
| t_d | t̪ | bródka | ` "bru%t_dka ` | ` ˈbruˌt̪ka` |
| d_d | d̪ | dudek | ` "d_du%d_dEk ` | ` ˈd̪uˌd̪ɛk` |
| k | k | kurka | `"kur%ka ` | `ˈkurˌka` |
| g | g | także | ``"t_da%gz`E `` | `ˈt̪aˌgʐɛ` |
| f | f | wsunąć | `"fs_du%n_dO~ts\ ` | `ˈfs̪uˌn̪ɔ̃tɕ` |
| v | v | główny | `"gwu%vn_d1 ` | `ˈgwuˌvn̪ɨ` |
| s_d | s̪ | wóz | ` "vus_d ` | ` ˈvus̪` |
| z_d | z̪ | rozbić | ` "rOt%z_dbits\ ` | ` ˈrɔtˌz̪bitɕ` |
| s\` | ʂ | szyszka | ``"s`1%s`a `` | `ˈʂɨˌʂa` |
| z\` | ʐ | rzecz | ``"z`Ets` `` | `ˈʐɛtʂ` |
| s\\ | ɕ | śmiech | `"s\mjEx ` | `ˈɕmjɛx` |
| z\\ | ʑ | źrebię | `"z\rE%bjE~ ` | `ˈʑrɛˌbjɛ̃` |
| x | x | hak | `"xak ` | `ˈxak` |
| ts_d | t̪s̪ | rydz | "r1ts_d | ˈrɨt̪s̪ |
| dz_d | d̪z̪ | dzwon | "dz_dvOn_d | ˈd̪z̪vɔn̪ |
| ts\` | tʂ | czacza | ``"ts`a%ts`a `` | `ˈtʂaˌtʂa` |
| dz\` | dʐ | dżdżu | ``"dz`dz`u `` | `ˈdʑdʑu` |
| ts\\ | tɕ | ciocia | `"ts\O%ts\a ` | `ˈtɕɔˌtɕa` |
| dz\\ | dʑ | dźwięk | `"dz\vjE~k ` | `ˈdʑvjɛ̃k` |
| m | m | mama | `"ma%ma ` | `ˈmaˌma` |
| n_d | n̪ | noga | ` "n_dO%ga ` | ` ˈn̪ɔˌga` |
| J | ɲ | nieść | `"JEs\ts\ ` | `ˈɲɛɕtɕ` |
| l | l | lalka | `"lal%ka ` | `ˈlalˌka` |
| r | r | radar | `"ra%d_dar ` | `ˈraˌd̪ar` |
| j | j | jajo | `"ja%jO ` | `ˈjaˌjɔ` |
| w | w | łapa | `"wa%pa ` | `ˈwaˌpa` |
| a | a | lalka | `"lal%ka ` | `ˈlalˌka` |
| E | ɛ | niewielkie | `JE%"vjElkjE ` | `ˈɲɛˌvjɛlkjɛ` |
| i | i | kit | `"kit_d ` | `ˈkit̪` |
| O | ɔ | lot | `"lOt_d ` | `ˈlɔt̪` |
| u | u | buk | `"buk ` | `ˈbuk` |
| 1 | ɨ | krzyk | ``"ks`1k `` | `ˈkɕɨk` |
| E\~ | ɛ̃ | pędzę | ` "pE~%dz_dE~ ` | ` ˈpɛ̃ˌd̪z̪ɛ̃` |
| O\~ | ɔ̃ | siąść | ` "s\O~s\ts\ ` | ` ˈɕɔ̃ɕtɕ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Secondary stress | `ˌ` | `%` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Russian (Russia), ru-RU

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | b | бар | `"bar ` | ` ˈbar` |
| b_j | bʲ | бинт | `"b_jint ` | ` ˈbʲint` |
| p | p | пар | `"par ` | ` ˈpar` |
| p_j | pʲ | пить | `"p_jit_j ` | ` ˈpʲitʲ` |
| d | d | дар | `"dar ` | ` ˈdar` |
| d_j | dʲ | дядя | `"d_jad_ja ` | ` ˈdʲadʲa` |
| t | t | тур | `"tur ` | ` ˈtur` |
| t_j | tʲ | тяга | `"t_jaga ` | ` ˈtʲaga` |
| g | g | гора | `ga"ra ` | ` gaˈra` |
| g_j | gʲ | гиря | `"g_jir_ja ` | ` ˈgʲirʲa` |
| k | k | кора | `ka"ra ` | ` kaˈra` |
| k_j | kʲ | кит | `"k_jit ` | ` ˈkʲit` |
| v | v | вор | `"vor ` | ` ˈvor` |
| v_j | vʲ | вера | `"v_jera ` | ` ˈvʲera` |
| f | f | фора | `"fora ` | ` ˈfora` |
| f_j | fʲ | финал | `f_ji"nal ` | ` fʲiˈnal` |
| z | z | зорь | `"zor_j ` | ` ˈzorʲ` |
| z_j | zʲ | зима | `z_ji"ma ` | ` zʲiˈma` |
| s | s | сор | `"sor ` | ` ˈsor` |
| s_j | sʲ | синий | `"s_jin_jij ` | ` ˈsʲinʲij` |
| Z | ʒ | жор | `"Zor ` | ` ˈʒor` |
| S | ʃ | шар | `"Sar ` | ` ˈʃar` |
| x | x | хор | `"xor ` | ` ˈxor` |
| x_j | xʲ | химик | `"x_jim_jik ` | ` ˈxʲimʲik` |
| S_j | ʃʲ | щель | `"S_jel_j ` | ` ˈʃʲelʲ` |
| n | n | ноль | `"nol_j ` | ` ˈnolʲ` |
| n_j | nʲ | няня | `"n_jan_ja ` | ` ˈnʲanʲa` |
| m | m | моль | `"mol_j ` | ` ˈmolʲ` |
| m_j | mʲ | мел | `"m_jel ` | ` ˈmʲel` |
| l | l | лом | `"lom ` | ` ˈlom` |
| l_j | lʲ | липа | `"l_jipa ` | ` ˈlʲipa` |
| r | r | ром | `"rom ` | ` ˈrom` |
| r_j | rʲ | ряса | `"r_jasa ` | ` ˈrʲasa` |
| j | j | йод | `"jot ` | ` ˈjot` |
| a | a | мак | `"mak ` | ` ˈmak` |
| e | e | тег | `"tek ` | ` ˈtek` |
| i | i | тик | `"tik ` | ` ˈtik` |
| o | o | ток | `"tok ` | ` ˈtok` |
| u | u | лук | `"luk ` | ` ˈluk` |
| 1 | ɨ | мышь | `"m1S ` | ` ˈmɨʃ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | `ˈ` | `"` |
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Korean (South Korea), ko-KR

### Phonemes

| X-SAMPA Phoneme | IPA Phoneme | Example Word | X-SAMPA | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | 불 | `pul ` | ` pul` |
| p_h | pʰ | 풀 | `p_hul ` | ` pʰul` |
| p\* | p͈ | 뿔 | `p*ul ` | ` p͈ul` |
| t | t | 달 | `tal ` | ` tal` |
| t_h | tʰ | 탈 | `t_hal ` | ` tʰal` |
| t\* | t͈ | 딸 | `t*al ` | ` t͈al` |
| k | k | 가다 | `kata ` | ` kata` |
| k_h | kʰ | 칼 | `k_hal ` | ` kʰal` |
| k\* | k͈ | 까다 | `k*ata ` | ` k͈ata` |
| s_h | sʰ | 살 | `s_hal ` | ` sʰal` |
| s\* | s͈ | 쌀 | `s*al ` | ` s͈al` |
| h | h | 하다 | `hata ` | ` hata` |
| ts\\ | tɕ | 자다 | `ts\ata ` | ` tɕata` |
| ts\\_h | tɕʰ | 차다 | `ts\_hata ` | ` tɕʰata` |
| ts\\\* | t͈ɕ | 짜다 | `ts\*ata ` | ` t͈ɕata` |
| m | m | 물 | `mul ` | ` mul` |
| n | n | 날 | `nal ` | ` nal` |
| N | ŋ | 방 | `paN ` | ` paŋ` |
| 4 | ɾ | 바람 | `pa4am ` | ` paɾam` |
| l | l | 스쿨 | `s_hMk_hul ` | ` sʰɯkʰul` |
| w | w | 문화 | `munhwa ` | ` munhwa` |
| j | j | 양명 | `jaNmjVN ` | ` jaŋmjʌŋ` |
| i | i | 시장 | `s_hits\aN ` | ` sʰitɕaŋ` |
| a | a | 말 | `mal ` | ` mal` |
| e | e | 베개 | `pekE ` | ` pekɛ` |
| M | ɯ | 음악 | `Mmak ` | ` ɯmak` |
| V | ʌ | 어머니 | `VmVni ` | ` ʌmʌni` |
| u | u | 우리 | `u4i ` | ` uɾi` |
| o | o | 오리 | `o4i ` | ` oɾi` |
| 2 | ø | 교회 | `kjoh2 ` | ` kjohø` |
| E | ɛ | 태양 | `t_hEjaN ` | ` tʰɛjaŋ` |

### Levels of stress

| Symbol | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Syllable boundary | `.` | `.` |

## Chinese, Mandarin (Simplified, China), cmn-Hans-CN

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** When you use cmn-Hans-CN phonemes, the `alphabet` field must be set to `pinyin`. For example: `<phoneme alphabet="pinyin" ph="chao2
> yang2">朝阳</phoneme>`.

### Phonemes

| Pinyin | Example | Transcription |
|---|---|---|
| b | 北 | `bei3` |
| p | 盘 | `pan2` |
| d | 对 | `dui4` |
| t | 谈 | `tan2` |
| g | 给 | `gei3` |
| k | 看 | `kan4` |
| f | 放 | `fang4` |
| s | 三 | `san1` |
| sh | 手 | `shou3` |
| h | 花 | `hua1` |
| l | 累 | `lei4` |
| r | 入 | `ru4` |
| m | 马 | `ma3` |
| n | 那 | `na4` |
| ng | 定 | `ding4` |
| z | 在 | `zai4` |
| c | 菜 | `cai4` |
| zh | 只 | `zhi3` |
| ch | 吃 | `chi1` |
| j | 讲 | `jiang3` |
| q | 强 | `qiang2` |
| x | 西 | `xi1` |
| w | 哇 | `wa1` |
| y | 眼 | `yan3` |
| yi/i | 意,第 | `yi4, di4` |
| wu/u | 五,露 | `wu3, lu4` |
| yu/ü/u | 鱼, 绿, 序 | `yu2, lü4, xu4` |
| a | 打 | `da3` |
| ye/ie | 夜,杰 | `ye4, jie2` |
| er | 二 | `er4` |
| e | 饿 | `e4` |
| o | 龙 | `long2` |
| wo/uo/o | 我,作,脖 | `wo3, zuo1, bo2` |
| ai | 带 | `dai4` |
| ei | 飞 | `fei1` |
| ao | 猫 | `mao1` |
| ou | 有 | `you3` |
| ya/ia | 牙,强 | `ya2, qiang2` |
| you/iu | 油,六 | `you2, liu4` |
| wa/ua | 挖,花 | `wa1, hua1` |
| yue/üe/ue | 月,略,学 | `yue4, lüe4, xue2` |
| wei/ui | 為, 对 | `wei4, dui4` |
| yao/iao | 药,料 | `yao4, liao4` |
| wai/uai | 外,帅 | `wai4, shuai4` |
| yua/ua | 远,捐 | `yuan4, juan1` |

### Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Pinyin. The tone should be placed at the end of a
syllable. To denote multiple syllables, use a whitespace between each, for
example: `wo3 de5` for 我 的.

| Tone | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | High tone |
| 2 | Mid Rising tone |
| 3 | Low Dipping tone |
| 4 | High Falling tone |
| 0 | Neutral tone |

## Chinese, Mandarin (Traditional, Taiwan), cmn-Hant-TW

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** When you use cmn-Hant-TW phonemes, the `alphabet` field must be set to `pinyin`. For example: `<phoneme alphabet="pinyin" ph="chao2
> yang2">朝阳</phoneme>`.

### Phonemes

| Pinyin | Example | Transcription |
|---|---|---|
| b | 北 | `bei3` |
| p | 盤 | `pan2` |
| d | 對 | `dui4` |
| t | 炭 | `tan4` |
| g | 給 | `gei3` |
| k | 看 | `kan4` |
| f | 放 | `fang4` |
| s | 三 | `san1` |
| sh | 瘦 | `shou4` |
| h | 華 | `hua2` |
| l | 樂 | `le4` |
| r | 入 | `ru4` |
| m | 媽 | `ma1` |
| n | 那 | `na4` |
| ng | 定 | `ding4` |
| z | 在 | `zai4` |
| c | 彩 | `cai3` |
| zh | 只 | `zhi3` |
| ch | 持 | `chi2` |
| j | 講 | `jiang3` |
| y | 月 | `yue4` |
| q | 槍 | `qiang1` |
| x | 西 | `xi1` |
| w | 哇 | `wa1` |
| j | 具 | `ju4` |
| i | 第 | `di4` |
| u | 魯 | `lu3` |
| ü | 縷 | `lü3` |
| a | 搭 | `da1` |
| e | 頁 | `ye4` |
| er | 二 | `er4` |
| e | 餓 | `e4` |
| o | 龍 | `long2` |
| wo | 我 | `wo3` |
| ai | 帶 | `dai4` |
| ei | 飛 | `fei1` |
| ao | 奧 | `ao4` |
| ou | 歐 | `ou4` |

### Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Pinyin. The tone should be placed at the end of a
syllable. To denote multiple syllables, use a whitespace between each. For
example `wo3 de5` for 我 的.

| Tone | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | High tone |
| 2 | Mid Rising tone |
| 3 | Low Dipping tone |
| 4 | High Falling tone |
| 0 | Neutral tone |

## Chinese, Cantonese (Traditional, Hong Kong), yue-Hant-HK

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** When you use cmn-Hant-TW phonemes, the `alphabet` field must be set to `jyutping`. For example: `<phoneme alphabet="jyutping" ph="sik6
> faan6">食饭</phoneme>`.

### Phonemes

| Jyutping | Example | Transcription |
|---|---|---|
| p | 怕 | `paa3` |
| b | 巴 | `baa1` |
| t | 他 | `taa1` |
| d | 打 | `daa2` |
| k | 卡 | `kaa1` |
| g | 家 | `gaa1` |
| f | 花 | `faa1` |
| s | 沙 | `saa1` |
| h | 蝦 | `haa1` |
| m | 媽 | `maa1` |
| n | 那 | `naa5` |
| ng | 牙 | `ngaa4` |
| c | 叉 | `caa1` |
| z | 渣 | `zaa1` |
| l | 啦 | `laa1` |
| kw | 誇 | `kwaa1` |
| gw | 瓜 | `gwaa1` |
| w | 汚 | `wu1` |
| j | 廿 | `jaa6` |
| ng | 伍 | `ng5` |
| m | 唔 | `m4` |
| a | 新 | `san1` |
| o | 疏 | `so1` |
| e | 些 | `se1` |
| i | 詩 | `si1` |
| u | 夫 | `fu1` |
| yu | 書 | `syu1` |
| aa | 沙 | `saa1` |
| oe | 鋸 | `goe3` |

### Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Jyutping. The tone should be placed at the end of a
syllable. To denote multiple syllables, use a whitespace between each. For
example: `gong2 waa6` for 講話

| Tone | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Top tone |
| 2 | High Rising tone |
| 3 | Mid tone |
| 4 | Low Falling tone |
| 5 | Low Rising tone |
| 6 | Low tone |